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delate v. [dih-LAYT]

控告，告发

Definition

1: accuse, denounce
1：指责，抨击

2: report, relate
2：汇报，讲述

Did You Know?

To delate someone is to “hand down” that person to a court of law. In Latin, delatus is the unlikely-looking past participle of deferre, meaning “to bring down, report, or accuse,” which in turn comes from ferre, meaning “to carry.” Not surprisingly, our word defer, meaning “to yield to the opinion or wishes of another,” can also be traced back to deferre. At one time, in fact, defer and delate had parallel meanings (both could mean “to carry down or away” or “to offer for acceptance”), but those senses are now obsolete. Today, you are most likely to encounter delate or its relatives delation and delator in the context of medieval tribunals, although the words can also relate to modern ecclesiastical tribunals.

词根词源演化：ferre (to carry) --> deferre (to bring down, report, accuse) --> delatus (past participle of deferre) --> delate

delate的意思是把某人传到法庭上。在拉丁语中，delatus是deferre的不常见的过去分词形式，意思是“使倒下，减少，告发，控告”，而deferre又来自于ferre（携带，运送，传播，承载）。不足为奇，英语单词defer（推迟，延期；顺从，顺意）也可以追溯到deferre，意思是“顺从其他人的意见或想法”。事实上，有过一段时间，defer和delate有相同的意思，都可以表示“取下，搬下”或者“接受”，不过这些意思都已经过时了。在现代，你最可能见到delate和它的衍生词，delation（控告，告发）和delator（控告者），它们常见于中世纪的法庭环境上，尽管这些词也有现代基督教会法庭有关系。

注：hand down：把…传下来；court of law：法庭；tribunal：法庭，法官席，裁决；ecclesiastical：基督教的，教士的；delation：控告，告发；delator：告密者，控告者

Examples

Hepzibah was brought to trial after being delated for the practice of witchcraft.
Hepzibah在被控告实施巫术后，被带到法庭进行了审判。
“Persons who are delated must first swear to tell the truth concerning themselves and others; if they confess, the judge proceeds accordingly.”
— H. Ansgar Kelly, Speculum, October 1993
被控告的人必须宣誓讲述关于他/她自己及其相关人员的事实；如果他们认罪，法官会根据情况继续审判。

Bonus

man’s best friend

— used to refer to a dog or to dogs as a group
— 用来指代狗狗或者一群狗狗
e.g. She devotes her life to helping man’s best friend.

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