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disparage podcast

disparage v. [dih-SPAIR-ij]

[dɪ’spærɪdʒ] 贬损，蔑视

Definition

1: to depreciate by indirect means (such as invidious comparison): to speak slightly about
1：通过间接手段来蔑视（例如招人反感的比较）：言语上轻视

2: to lower in rank or reputation: degrade
2：降级或者名声受损：降级

注：invidious：招人反感的，招人嫉妒的；

Did You Know?

In Middle English, to “disparage” someone meant causing that person to marry someone of inferior rank. Disparage derives from the Anglo-French word desparager, meaning “to marry below one’s class.” Desparager, in turn, combines the negative prefix des- with parage (meaning “equality” or “lineage”), which itself comes from per, meaning “peer.” The original “marriage” sense of disparage is now obsolete, but a closely-related sense (meaning “to lower in rank or reputation”) survives in modern English. By the 16th century, English speakers (including William Shakespeare) were also using disparage to mean simply “to belittle.”

词源词根演化：per (“peer”) —> parage (“equality” or “lineage”) + des- —> desparage —> disparage

在中古英语中，要disparage someone（损毁某人）就是要那个人与更低级别的人结婚。disparage派生自盎格鲁诺曼语(Anglo-French)单词 desparager，意思是“与低层人结婚”。这个法语单词又是由否定前缀 des- 与 parage （意思是“平等”或者“家族血脉”）组合而成。而 parage 又来自于 per，意思是 “peer 同辈”。起初的“结婚”这个含义现在已经过时了，但是与之密切相关意思“降低级别或损害盛誉”却保留到了现代英语中。到了16世纪，英语世界（包括莎士比亚）也开始使用disparage来表示“to belittle 蔑视”。

Examples

“In the early 1990s the president of newly independent Estonia gave a speech in Hamburg. In it, he disparaged the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states. A little-known Russian official was so outraged that he stormed out. It was Vladimir Putin.”
— The Economist, 2 Feb. 2019

在1990年代早期，新近独立的Estonia共和国总统在德国汉堡做了一个演讲，他强烈抨击了苏联对波罗的海地区的占领。当时一个几乎不为人所知的俄罗斯官员非常生气，然后发飙了。这个人就是Vladimir Putin（普京）。

注：little-known：几乎不为人所知的；Estonia：爱沙尼亚（苏联加盟共和国国名 a republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea）；Baltic：波罗的海的，波罗的语的
“Despite his own military background, Jackson did not unnecessarily glorify war or disparage peace. In his farewell address, he wrote, ‘It is unquestionably our true interest to cultivate the most friendly understanding with every nation and to avoid by every honorable means the calamities of war.’”
— Jeff Taylor, The American Conservative, 1 Jan. 2019

尽管是军事背景，毫无必要地，Jackson既没有美化战争，也没有贬损和平。在他的离职宣讲中，他写到：“毫无疑问，我们真正的利益兴趣是培养与每个国家友好的理解以及通过崇高的方式避免战争灾难。”

Bonus

languid adj.

[ˈlæŋgwəd] formal + literary
: showing or having very little strength, energy, or activity

a long, languid sigh
They proceeded at a languid pace.
It was a hot, languid summer day.
A languid cat

— languidly adv.

He was leaning languidly against the wall.
The river moved languidly

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