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英文原文

yen n. [YEN]

瘾

Definition

: a strong desire or propensity; also : urge, craving
：强烈的意愿或者倾向；即：同义词 urge，craving

注：urge：(*urgere *“press, drive”) 强烈的愿望
propensity：(“inclined”, pro- “forward, down” + pendere “hang” + ity ) 倾向，习性;
craving：(“demand, claimed as a right”) 瘾，意愿

Did You Know?

Although yen suggests no more than a strong longing these days (as in “a yen for a beach vacation”), at one time someone with a yen was in deep trouble indeed. The first meaning of yen was an intense craving for opium. The late 19th-century English term evolved from the Cantonese yīn-yáhn, which itself combines yīn, meaning “opium,” and yáhn, meaning “craving.” In English, the Chinese syllables were transformed to yen-yen and ultimately abbreviated to simply yen. Eventually, yen was generalized to the more innocuous meaning of “a strong desire,” and the link to drug cravings was lost. (The name for the Japanese currency comes from Japanese en, an earlier Japanese word meaning “circle,” referring to the shape of a coin.)

词源词根演化：(from Chinese) yīn-yáhn —> yen-yen —> yen

尽管在现代 yen （瘾）仅仅表示一个强烈的愿望（例如 “极想去海边度假”），但是曾经一度有瘾的人可能意味着有大麻烦。最早的时候这个词表示对鸦片的成瘾。在19世纪晚期，这个词由中国的广东话 yīn-yáhn 演化而来，这里 yīn 表示鸦片，而 yáhn 则表示 “瘾”。到了英语中，这些汉语音节则演化成了 yen-yen，意思是“瘾”。最终 yen 泛化为无害的 “强烈的意愿”，也失去了与鸦片的联系。（日本的货币名称叫 en，来自于日语，早期的意思是 “圆形”，指代硬币的形状。）

注：innocuous：(not harmful or offensive, in- “not” + noccus “injurious”) 无害的

Examples

“Charlie Partin grew up in the Florida Panhandle, lived for 20 years in New Port Richey, leaving his mark as an architect and an artist, before following a yen to create sculptures in the rolling hills of southeast Nebraska.”
— Michele Miller, The Tampa Bay Times, 16 Feb. 2019

Charlie Partin 在Florida Panhandle 长大，在New Port Richey 生活了20年，一直是位杰出的建筑师与艺术家，直到在Nebraska东南的rolling hills那里，对雕塑上了瘾。
“The state Department of Agriculture created the Pennsylvania Pursue Your Scoops Ice Cream Trail” that those with a yen for the sweet treat can follow to various independent, family owned creameries, sampling the tasty wares and getting a ‘passport’ stamped at each of the 12 stops along the way."
— Linda Stein, Well + Good, 21 Mar. 2019

州农业部举行了 宾州冰淇淋狂欢节，那些对甜食上瘾的人可以访问独立家庭式冰淇淋工厂，品尝各种美味冰淇淋，在沿途12个站点上获得 “护照” 盖戳签章。

注：scoop：(draw water) 冰淇淋勺子

Bonus - Learner’s Word

fluid n. 流体

(late Middle English (as an adjective): from French fluide or Latin fluidus, from fluere ‘to flow’.)
: a substance that is able to flow freely : a liquid substance

[count]

Please check the fluids in the car’s engine.
She needs to drink plenty of fluids.
Filling up the engine fluids.

[noncount]
Fluid leaked from the car’s engine.
a bottle of yellow fluid

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