题意

题目链接

Sol

打出暴力不难发现时间复杂度的瓶颈在于求\(\sum_{i = 1}^n i^k\)

老祖宗告诉我们，这东西是个\(k\)次多项式，插一插就行了

上面的是\(O(Tk^2)\)的

下面是\(O(Tk^3)\)的

// luogu-judger-enable-o2
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LL long long
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 66, mod = 1e9 + 7;
inline LL read() {char c = getchar(); LL x = 0, f = 1;while(c < '0' || c > '9') {if(c == '0') f = -1; c = getchar();}while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();return x * f;
}
LL N, M, a[MAXN], tot, inv[3601];
LL add(LL x, LL y) {if(x + y < 0) return x + y + mod;return x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y;
}
void add2(LL &x, LL y) {if(x + y < 0) x = x + y + mod;else x = (x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y);
}
LL mul(LL x, LL y) {return 1ll * x * y % mod;
}
LL fp(LL a, LL p) {LL base = 1;while(p) {if(p & 1) base = mul(base, a);a = mul(a, a); p >>= 1;}return base;
}
LL x[MAXN], y[MAXN], fac[MAXN], ifac[MAXN], pre[MAXN], suf[MAXN];
LL get(LL N, LL M) {// \sum_{i=1}^n i^m//printf("%d %d\n", N, M);LL Lim = M + 1, ans = 0; memset(y, 0, sizeof(y));for(int i = 1; i <= Lim; i++) add2(y[i], add(y[i - 1], fp(i, M)));pre[0] = N; suf[Lim + 1] = 1; for(int i = 1; i <= Lim; i++) pre[i] = mul(pre[i - 1], add(N, -i));for(int i = Lim; i >= 1; i--) suf[i] = mul(suf[i + 1], add(N, -i));for(int i = 0; i <= Lim; i++) {LL up = mul(y[i], mul(pre[i - 1], suf[i + 1])),down = mul(ifac[i], ifac[Lim - i]);if((Lim - i) & 1) down = mod - down;//printf("%d %d\n", up, down);ans = add(ans, mul(up, down));}return ans;
}
void solve() {N = read(); M = read();memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));LL ans = 0;for(LL i = 1; i <= M; i++) a[i] = read(); a[++M] = ++N;sort(a + 1, a + M + 1);for(LL i = 1; i <= M; i++) {for(LL j = i; j <= M; j++) ans = add(ans, add(get(a[j] - 1, M ), -get(a[j - 1], M)));for(LL j = i + 1; j <= M; j++) a[j] = add(a[j], -a[i]); a[i] = 0;}printf("%lld\n", ans);
}
int main() {inv[1] = 1; for(int i = 2; i <= 3600; i++) inv[i] = mul((mod - mod / i), inv[mod % i]);fac[0] = 1; for(int i = 1; i <= 60; i++) fac[i] = mul(i, fac[i - 1]);ifac[60] = fp(fac[60], mod - 2);for(int i = 60; i >= 1; i--) ifac[i - 1] = mul(ifac[i], i);//cout << get(10, 2) << endl;for(LL T = read();T--; solve());return 0;
}
/*
1
1044536146 2
883276404
640705454*/

// luogu-judger-enable-o2
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 103, mod = 1e9 + 7;
inline int read() {char c = getchar(); int x = 0, f = 1;while(c < '0' || c > '9') {if(c == '-') f = -1; c = getchar();}while(c >= '0' && c <= '9') x = x * 10 + c - '0', c = getchar();return x * f;
}
int add(int x, int y) {if(x + y < 0) return x + y + mod;return x + y >= mod ? x + y - mod : x + y;
}
int mul(int x, int y) {return 1ll * x * y % mod;
}
int fp(int a, int p) {int base = 1;while(p) {if(p & 1) base = mul(base, a);a = mul(a, a); p >>= 1;}return base;
}
int N, M, K, f[MAXN][MAXN], C[MAXN][MAXN], U[MAXN], R[MAXN], g[MAXN];
int get(int U, int R) {memset(g, 0, sizeof(g));for(int i = 1; i <= MAXN - 1; i++) for(int k = 1; k <= i; k++) g[i] = add(g[i], mul(fp(k, N - R), fp(i - k, R - 1)));int ans = 0;for(int i = 1; i <= MAXN - 1; i++) {int up = 1, down = 1;for(int j = 1; j <= MAXN - 1; j++) {if(i == j) continue;up = mul(up, add(U, -j));down = mul(down, add(i, -j));}   ans = add(ans, mul(g[i], mul(up, fp(down, mod - 2))));}return ans;
}
int main() {//freopen("a.in", "r", stdin);N = read(); M = read(); K = read();for(int i = 0; i <= N; i++) {C[i][0] = C[i][i] = 1;for(int j = 1; j < i; j++) C[i][j] = add(C[i - 1][j - 1], C[i - 1][j]);}for(int i = 1; i <= M; i++) U[i] = read();for(int i = 1; i <= M; i++) R[i] = read();f[0][N - 1] = 1;for(int i = 1; i <= M; i++) {int t = get(U[i], R[i]);for(int j = K; j <= N; j++) {for(int k = j; k <= N - 1; k++) if(k - j <= R[i] - 1) f[i][j] = add(f[i][j], mul(mul(f[i - 1][k], C[k][k - j]), C[N - 1 - k][R[i] - 1 - (k - j)]));f[i][j] = mul(f[i][j], t);}}printf("%d", f[M][K]);return 0;
}
/*
100 3 50
500 500 456
13 46 45
*/