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bread n. [BRED]

面包，生计，金钱

Definition

1: a usually baked and leavened food made of a mixture whose basic constituent is flour or meal
1：面包，通常是发酵的，烘培的食物，基本构成物是面粉或者粗碾的谷物

2: food, sustenance
2：食物，生计

3 a: livelihood
   a：生活
   b slang: money
   b 俚语：钱

注：leaven ['levn]：发酵，影响；meal：粗碾的谷物

Did You Know?

Bread is a food consisting of flour or meal that is moistened, kneaded into dough, and often fermented using yeast, and it has been a major sustenance since prehistoric times. With the right ingredients, it can be a source of carbonhydrates and B vitamins (add whole wheat, and you increase its nutritional value). Through synecdoche, its name rose to refer to any source of food or sustenance. Reference to a path to sustenance followed in the 18th century. “I was under no necessity of seeking my bread,” recounts Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe. Dough had already been used to refer to money in 19th-century slang and, in a natural extension, bread was served with the same meaning in the jazz and beat slang of the mid-20th century (“Dean just raced in society, eager for bread and love,” writes beatnik Jack Kerouac).

词源词根演化：(Not available)

面包bread是一种食物，由面粉或粗碾的谷物为原料，通过加水和面，揉成面团，通常需要加入酵母发酵，自从史前时代就是人们的主要生计食物。有了正确的原料，面包是碳水化合物（即，糖）与维他命B（加入全麦后，增加其营养价值）的来源。通过提喻法，bread这个词被指代任何的食物或者生计来源。这种用法可以追溯到18世纪。“我没有必要为生活奔波。” Daniel Defoe的小说人物Robinson Cursoe如是说。在19世纪的俚语中，dough面团这个词就已经指代金钱了，自然而然的，到了20世纪中期，bread也开始在爵士乐和打击乐的俚语中表示同样的意思（垮掉的一代Jack Kerouac这样写道：“Dean刚进入社会，渴望金钱与爱情。”）

注：knead：揉（面粉等），按摩，捏制；synecdoche：( from sun- ‘together’ + ekdekhesthai ‘take up’.) 提喻法；beatnik：垮掉的一代，奇装异服言行乖癖的人

Examples

His brother was running low on bread, so Michael lent him some money through PayPal to tide him over.

Michael的兄弟手头拮据，于是Michael通过PayPal借了一些钱帮他度过难关。

注：tide over: 使度过困难时期
“Once my mom started making some bread, we bought our first house, a midcentury modern, glass-sided, beautiful ranch house.”
— Lenny Kravitz, quoted on Hollywoodreporter.com, 2 Feb. 2018
一旦我妈妈开始挣钱了，我们就买了第一幢房子，midcentury modern风格的，半面玻璃墙的，美丽的农场房子。

注：mid-century modern: a style of design (as in architecture and furniture) of roughly the 1930s through the mid-1960s characterized especially by clean lines, organic and streamlined forms, and lack of embellishment（装修，润色）.

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