第十三章-相关方管理

相关方管理的过程

识别相关方
规划相关方参与

一个复杂项目包含对最终目标有不同看法的相关方。相关方就项目发起人确定的目标最终达成一致意见。之后,在项目执行阶段,发起人退休,相关方之间从此开始产生冲突。新任命的发起人希望知道如何才能根据目标重新调整相关方之间的关系。项目经理应该做什么? A complex project comprises stakeholders with differing views on the final objective.Ultimately,the stakeholders agree on the objective defined by the project sponsor.The sponsor then retires during the execution phase,which begins to create conflict among stakeholders.The newly appointed sponsor wants to know what can be done to realign stakeholders with the objective. What should the project manager do?

A：密切关注相关方的误解
Closely monitor stakeholder misunderstandings
B：重新审查沟通管理计划,以确定最佳策略
Review the communications management plan to identify the best strategy
C：修改项目章程以解决冲突
Revise the project charter to address the conflicts
D：影响相关方以遵循约定的目标
Influence the stakeholders to follow the agreed-upon objective

正确答案：D 你的答案：B
解析：PMBOK(6)P534- 13.4.2.5 领导力。成功的相关方参与，需要强有力的领导技能，以传递愿景并激励相关方支持项目工作和成果。项目经理使用自己的领导力影响相关方遵守约定的项目目标。其他选项：A，关注误解以外还要解决实际问题。B，非沟通问题。C，已经冲突，项目目标无法直接修改，需要先评估。

在一个项目中途，项目团队意识到他们低估了交付一部分产品的工作。因此该项目将推迟两个月。项目经理下一步应该怎么做？
Midway through a project, the project team realized that they underestimated the effort for delivering one part of the product. As a result, the project will be delayed by two months. What should the project manager do next?

A：与项目发起人沟通该推迟情况，并请求批准新的交付日期
Communicate the delay to the project sponsor and ask for approval of the new delivery date
B：修改相关方参与计划以反映该变更，并请求相关方的批准
Modify the stakeholder engagement plan to reflect the change and request stakeholder approval
C：通知相关方并管理他们的期望
Inform the stakeholders and manage their expectations
D：修改风险管理计划以反映该变更，并请求相关方的批准
Modify the risk management plan to reflect the change and request stakeholder approval

正确答案：C 你的答案：D
解析：PMBOK(6)P530-13.4 监督相关方参与。项目已经延迟，可能会引起相关方的不满，因此要管理相关方的期望。其他选项：A，只与发起人沟通不妥，B在C后面，D风险管理计划没必要。

管理相关方参与

项目经理正在审查状态报告，该报告显示进度延迟和成本超支，该报告必须在两周内提交给指导委员会，根据过去的经验，项目经理知道哪些相关方会很挑剔，项目经理应该怎么做？ A project manager is reviewing a status report that shows a schedule delay and cost overruns. This report must be presented to the steering committee in two weeks.From past experience, the project manager knows which stakeholders will be very difficult, what should the project manager do?

A：与挑剔的相关方开会，解释延迟和成本超支的原因
Meet with difficult stakeholders to explain the reasons for the delays and cost overrun
B：收集项目团队的其他详细信息，以澄清延迟和成本超支的原因
Collect additional details from the project team to clarify the reasons for the delay and cost overruns
C：快速识别可以实施的纠正措施，以改进状态报告
Quickly identify corrective actions that can be implemented to improve the status report
D：联系管理层寻求如何与挑剔的相关方打交道的帮助
Contact management to seek help with dealing with the difficult stakeholders

正确答案：A 你的答案：C
解析：PMBOK(6)P523-13.3 管理相关方参与。目前“进度延迟和成本超支”，项目经理“知道哪些相关方会很挑剔”。我们管理相关方，既然挑剔的相关方最难管理，那就应该先解决他们，A最主动而且效果最好。其他选项：B没有明确说向谁澄清，C是必要的但是不切题，D相关方参与计划在自己手上，无需向管理层要。

监督相关方参与
理念：共创【竞争中亦师亦友】

一位关键相关方没有空批准项目定义。项目经理下一步应该怎么做? A key stakeholder is unavailable to approve for a project definition. What should the project manager do next?

A：跟进该相关方以获得批准
Follow up with stakeholder to obtain approval
B：审查相关方参与计划
Review the stakeholder engagement plan
C：暂停所有项目活动
Put all project activities on hold
D：更新批准过程以删除此相关方的要求
Update the approval process to remove this stakeholder requirement

正确答案：A 你的答案：B
解析：PMBOK(6)P530-13.4 监督相关方参与。相关方没空批准，并非抵制项目，因此持续跟进批准就好了。其他选项：因为不是相关方抵制批准，所以审查相关方参与计划意义不大，B不正确。CD都明显不对