在讲解SQLServer Agent Jobs之前，先要讲解msdb。

Msdb是SQLServer的系统数据库之一，用于存储SQLServer的配置、元数据等信息。包括：

l  SQLServer Agent Jobs,Job Steps,Job schedules,Alerts,Operators,等等。

l  Service Broker,Log Shipping,Backups/restore信息,维护计划、数据库邮件、基于策略管理信息等等。

l  SSIS包。

在这部分，主要集中在msdb的以下部分：

l  Job setup/configuration Information

l  Job Execution Information

l  Job Step(s) Setup/Configuration Information

l  Job Step(s) Execution Information

l  Schedule Information

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SQLServer 允许在Replication,SSIS,存储过程,批处理上创建和执行各种自动化任务。允许使用GUI 或者T-SQL脚本创建。这些信息存储在msdb中。SQL Server Agent Job Setup andConfiguration Information：

可以在SSMS中执行以下脚本查找作业信息：

SELECT  [sJOB].[job_id] AS [作业ID] ,[sJOB].[name] AS [作业名称] ,[sDBP].[name] AS [作业创建者] ,[sCAT].[name] AS [作业种类] ,[sJOB].[description] AS [作业描述] ,CASE [sJOB].[enabled]WHEN 1 THEN '已启用'WHEN 0 THEN '未启用'END AS [是否启用] ,--[sJOB].[date_created] AS [作业创建日期] ,[sJOB].[date_modified] AS [作业最后修改日期] ,[sSVR].[name] AS [作业运行服务器] ,[sJSTP].[step_id] AS [作业起始步骤] ,[sJSTP].[step_name] AS [步骤名称] ,CASE WHEN [sSCH].[schedule_uid] IS NULL THEN '否'ELSE '是'END AS [是否分布式作业] ,[sSCH].[schedule_uid] AS [分布式作业ID] ,[sSCH].[name] AS [用户定义名称] ,CASE [sJOB].[delete_level]WHEN 0 THEN '不删除'WHEN 1 THEN '成功后删除'WHEN 2 THEN '失败后删除'WHEN 3 THEN '完成时删除'END AS [完成时删除作业级别]
FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] AS [sJOB]LEFT JOIN [msdb].[sys].[servers] AS [sSVR] ON [sJOB].[originating_server_id] = [sSVR].[server_id]LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[syscategories] AS [sCAT] ON [sJOB].[category_id] = [sCAT].[category_id]LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] AS [sJSTP] ON [sJOB].[job_id] = [sJSTP].[job_id]AND [sJOB].[start_step_id] = [sJSTP].[step_id]LEFT JOIN [msdb].[sys].[database_principals] AS [sDBP] ON [sJOB].[owner_sid] = [sDBP].[sid]LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobschedules] AS [sJOBSCH] ON [sJOB].[job_id] = [sJOBSCH].[job_id]LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysschedules] AS [sSCH] ON [sJOBSCH].[schedule_id] = [sSCH].[schedule_id]
ORDER BY [作业名称]

SQL Server Agent Job Execution Information：

SQLServer同时存放作业执行信息在msdb中。可以执行以下脚本查询作业执行情况：

SELECT  [sJOB].[job_id] AS [作业ID] ,[sJOB].[name] AS [作业名] ,CASE WHEN [sJOBH].[run_date] IS NULLOR [sJOBH].[run_time] IS NULL THEN NULLELSE CAST(CAST([sJOBH].[run_date] AS CHAR(8)) + ' '+ STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([sJOBH].[run_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS DATETIME)END AS [最近执行时间] ,CASE [sJOBH].[run_status]WHEN 0 THEN '失败'WHEN 1 THEN '成功'WHEN 2 THEN '重试'WHEN 3 THEN '取消'WHEN 4 THEN '正在运行' -- In ProgressEND AS [最近执行状态] ,STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([sJOBH].[run_duration] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6), 3,0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS [LastRunDuration (HH:MM:SS)] ,[sJOBH].[message] AS [最近运行状态信息] ,CASE [sJOBSCH].[NextRunDate]WHEN 0 THEN NULLELSE CAST(CAST([sJOBSCH].[NextRunDate] AS CHAR(8)) + ' '+ STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([sJOBSCH].[NextRunTime] AS VARCHAR(6)),6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS DATETIME)END AS [下次运行时间]
FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] AS [sJOB]LEFT JOIN ( SELECT  [job_id] ,MIN([next_run_date]) AS [NextRunDate] ,MIN([next_run_time]) AS [NextRunTime]FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobschedules]GROUP BY [job_id]) AS [sJOBSCH] ON [sJOB].[job_id] = [sJOBSCH].[job_id]LEFT JOIN ( SELECT  [job_id] ,[run_date] ,[run_time] ,[run_status] ,[run_duration] ,[message] ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY [job_id] ORDER BY [run_date] DESC, [run_time] DESC ) AS RowNumberFROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobhistory]WHERE   [step_id] = 0) AS [sJOBH] ON [sJOB].[job_id] = [sJOBH].[job_id]AND [sJOBH].[RowNumber] = 1
ORDER BY [作业名]

SQL Server Anget Job Steps Setup andconfiguration Information：

在作业系统中，一个作业是有层级的，可以包含一个或多个步骤。

运行以下脚本查看作业步骤信息：

SELECT  [sJOB].[job_id] AS [作业ID] ,[sJOB].[name] AS [作业名] ,[sJSTP].[step_uid] AS [步骤ID] ,[sJSTP].[step_id] AS [步骤序号] ,[sJSTP].[step_name] AS [步骤名] ,CASE [sJSTP].[subsystem]WHEN 'ActiveScripting' THEN 'ActiveX Script'WHEN 'CmdExec' THEN 'Operating system (CmdExec)'WHEN 'PowerShell' THEN 'PowerShell'WHEN 'Distribution' THEN 'Replication Distributor'WHEN 'Merge' THEN 'Replication Merge'WHEN 'QueueReader' THEN 'Replication Queue Reader'WHEN 'Snapshot' THEN 'Replication Snapshot'WHEN 'LogReader' THEN 'Replication Transaction-Log Reader'WHEN 'ANALYSISCOMMAND' THEN 'SQL Server Analysis Services Command'WHEN 'ANALYSISQUERY' THEN 'SQL Server Analysis Services Query'WHEN 'SSIS' THEN 'SQL Server Integration Services Package'WHEN 'TSQL' THEN 'Transact-SQL script (T-SQL)'ELSE sJSTP.subsystemEND AS [作业子系统类型] ,[sPROX].[name] AS [作业运行账号] ,[sJSTP].[database_name] AS [执行数据库名] ,[sJSTP].[command] AS [执行命令] ,CASE [sJSTP].[on_success_action]WHEN 1 THEN 'Quit the job reporting success'WHEN 2 THEN 'Quit the job reporting failure'WHEN 3 THEN 'Go to the next step'WHEN 4THEN 'Go to Step: '+ QUOTENAME(CAST([sJSTP].[on_success_step_id] AS VARCHAR(3)))+ ' ' + [sOSSTP].[step_name]END AS [执行成功后反应] ,[sJSTP].[retry_attempts] AS [失败时的重试次数] ,[sJSTP].[retry_interval] AS [重试间的等待时间 (Minutes)] ,CASE [sJSTP].[on_fail_action]WHEN 1 THEN 'Quit the job reporting success'WHEN 2 THEN 'Quit the job reporting failure'WHEN 3 THEN 'Go to the next step'WHEN 4THEN 'Go to Step: '+ QUOTENAME(CAST([sJSTP].[on_fail_step_id] AS VARCHAR(3)))+ ' ' + [sOFSTP].[step_name]END AS [执行失败后反映]
FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] AS [sJSTP]INNER JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] AS [sJOB] ON [sJSTP].[job_id] = [sJOB].[job_id]LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] AS [sOSSTP] ON [sJSTP].[job_id] = [sOSSTP].[job_id]AND [sJSTP].[on_success_step_id] = [sOSSTP].[step_id]LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] AS [sOFSTP] ON [sJSTP].[job_id] = [sOFSTP].[job_id]AND [sJSTP].[on_fail_step_id] = [sOFSTP].[step_id]LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysproxies] AS [sPROX] ON [sJSTP].[proxy_id] = [sPROX].[proxy_id]
ORDER BY [作业名] ,[步骤序号]

SQL Server Anget Job Steps ExecutionInformation：

在msdb中同样存储了步骤的执行计划，执行以下语句检查：

SELECT  [sJOB].[job_id] AS [作业ID] ,[sJOB].[name] AS [作业名称] ,[sJSTP].[step_uid] AS [步骤ID] ,[sJSTP].[step_id] AS [步骤序号] ,[sJSTP].[step_name] AS [步骤名称] ,CASE [sJSTP].[last_run_outcome]WHEN 0 THEN '失败'WHEN 1 THEN '成功'WHEN 2 THEN '重试'WHEN 3 THEN '取消'WHEN 5 THEN '未知'END AS [上次运行状态] ,STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([sJSTP].[last_run_duration] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6),3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS [LastRunDuration (HH:MM:SS)] ,[sJSTP].[last_run_retries] AS [上次重试次数] ,CASE [sJSTP].[last_run_date]WHEN 0 THEN NULLELSE CAST(CAST([sJSTP].[last_run_date] AS CHAR(8)) + ' '+ STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([sJSTP].[last_run_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS DATETIME)END AS [上次运行时间]
FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] AS [sJSTP]INNER JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] AS [sJOB] ON [sJSTP].[job_id] = [sJOB].[job_id]
ORDER BY [作业名称] ,[步骤序号]

SQL Server Agent Job Sechdule Information：

SQLServer允许在特定时间创建各种计划，每个计划能组合成一个或多个SQLServer Agent Jobs。执行以下脚本查询情况：

SELECT  [schedule_uid] AS [作业计划ID] ,[name] AS [作业计划名称] ,CASE [enabled]WHEN 1 THEN '已启用'WHEN 0 THEN '未启用'END AS [是否启用] ,CASE WHEN [freq_type] = 64THEN 'Start automatically when SQL Server Agent starts'WHEN [freq_type] = 128 THEN 'Start whenever the CPUs become idle'WHEN [freq_type] IN ( 4, 8, 16, 32 ) THEN 'Recurring'WHEN [freq_type] = 1 THEN 'One Time'END [作业计划类型] ,CASE [freq_type]WHEN 1 THEN 'One Time'WHEN 4 THEN 'Daily'WHEN 8 THEN 'Weekly'WHEN 16 THEN 'Monthly'WHEN 32 THEN 'Monthly - Relative to Frequency Interval'WHEN 64 THEN 'Start automatically when SQL Server Agent starts'WHEN 128 THEN 'Start whenever the CPUs become idle'END [作业运行频率] ,CASE [freq_type]WHEN 4THEN 'Occurs every ' + CAST([freq_interval] AS VARCHAR(3))+ ' day(s)'WHEN 8THEN 'Occurs every ' + CAST([freq_recurrence_factor] AS VARCHAR(3))+ ' week(s) on '+ CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 1 = 1 THEN 'Sunday'ELSE ''END + CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 2 = 2 THEN ', Monday'ELSE ''END+ CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 4 = 4 THEN ', Tuesday'ELSE ''END + CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 8 = 8 THEN ', Wednesday'ELSE ''END+ CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 16 = 16 THEN ', Thursday'ELSE ''END + CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 32 = 32 THEN ', Friday'ELSE ''END+ CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 64 = 64 THEN ', Saturday'ELSE ''ENDWHEN 16THEN 'Occurs on Day ' + CAST([freq_interval] AS VARCHAR(3))+ ' of every ' + CAST([freq_recurrence_factor] AS VARCHAR(3))+ ' month(s)'WHEN 32THEN 'Occurs on ' + CASE [freq_relative_interval]WHEN 1 THEN 'First'WHEN 2 THEN 'Second'WHEN 4 THEN 'Third'WHEN 8 THEN 'Fourth'WHEN 16 THEN 'Last'END + ' ' + CASE [freq_interval]WHEN 1 THEN 'Sunday'WHEN 2 THEN 'Monday'WHEN 3 THEN 'Tuesday'WHEN 4 THEN 'Wednesday'WHEN 5 THEN 'Thursday'WHEN 6 THEN 'Friday'WHEN 7 THEN 'Saturday'WHEN 8 THEN 'Day'WHEN 9 THEN 'Weekday'WHEN 10 THEN 'Weekend day'END + ' of every '+ CAST([freq_recurrence_factor] AS VARCHAR(3)) + ' month(s)'END AS [循环间隔] ,CASE [freq_subday_type]WHEN 1THEN 'Occurs once at ' + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([active_start_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':')WHEN 2THEN 'Occurs every ' + CAST([freq_subday_interval] AS VARCHAR(3))+ ' Second(s) between ' + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([active_start_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),6), 3, 0, ':'), 6,0, ':') + ' & '+ STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([active_end_time] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6),3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':')WHEN 4THEN 'Occurs every ' + CAST([freq_subday_interval] AS VARCHAR(3))+ ' Minute(s) between ' + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([active_start_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),6), 3, 0, ':'), 6,0, ':') + ' & '+ STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([active_end_time] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6),3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':')WHEN 8THEN 'Occurs every ' + CAST([freq_subday_interval] AS VARCHAR(3))+ ' Hour(s) between ' + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([active_start_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0,':') + ' & '+ STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'+ CAST([active_end_time] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6),3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':')END [计划运行频率] ,STUFF(STUFF(CAST([active_start_date] AS VARCHAR(8)), 5, 0, '-'), 8, 0,'-') AS [作业启用开始时间] ,STUFF(STUFF(CAST([active_end_date] AS VARCHAR(8)), 5, 0, '-'), 8, 0,'-') AS [作业启用结束时间] ,[date_created] AS [作业创建日期] ,[date_modified] AS [作业上次修改日期]
FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysschedules]
ORDER BY [作业计划名称]