Merriam-Webster's Vocabulary Builder 学习笔记 Unit 21

Unit21

6.18

[sub-]:"under"
- subway
- submarine
- subject：受…支配的
- subplot：次要情节
- subscribe：定期订购（或订阅等）；定期捐助；申请，注册，报名；~ to 同意，赞成
- subscription：捐助, 订阅, 签名
- subconscious ：潜意识的；下意识的
  - Existing in the mind just below the level of awareness.
- subjugate：使(愿望、渴望)退居其次，使让位于；(尤指在战争中)征服，制服，使屈服
  - To bring under control and rule as a subject; conquer, subdue.
    - submission
- subliminal：太弱或太快以至于难以觉察的
  - Not quite strong enough to be sensed or perceived consciously.
- subversion：(对政府或政治体系的)颠覆，暗中破坏
  - (1) An attempt to overthrow a government by working secretly from within. (2) The corrupting of someone or something by weakening their morals, loyalty, or faith.
    - subversive：adj. 破坏性的；从事颠覆的；n. 危险分子；颠覆分子
[hyper-]:"above or beyond"
- hyperinflation：恶性通货膨胀
- hypercritical：(尤指对小错误)吹毛求疵的;过于苛刻的
- hypersensitive：过于敏感的，过敏的
- hyperextend
- hyperactive：活动过度的,极度活跃的,活动亢进的
  - Excessively active.
- hyperbole：夸张
  - Extreme exaggeration.
    - hyperbolic：双曲线的，夸张的
- hypertension：高血压
  - High blood pressure.
- hyperventilate：通常指因恐惧、疲惫或兴奋而）呼吸急促，通气过度
  - To breathe rapidly and deeply.
[pre-]:"before" or "in front of."
- prediction：预言
- precede：在…之前, 先于
- prejudice：偏见，偏心，成见
- preclude：杜绝；防止，妨碍
  - To make impossible beforehand; prevent.
- precocious：早熟的；智慧超前的
  - Showing the qualities or abilities of an adult at an unusually early age.
    - precocity
- predispose：使倾向于，使有意向；使易感染，使易患（某种疾病）
  - (1) To influence in advance in order to create a particular attitude. (2) To make one more likely to develop a particular disease or physical condition.
    - predisposition
- prerequisite：先决条件
  - Something that is required in advance to achieve a goal or to carry out a function.
[para-]:"beside" or "closely related to."
- parallel：
- paragraph：段落
- paraphrase：（用更容易理解的文字）解释，释义，意译
  - To restate the meaning (of something written or spoken) in different words.
- paralegal：律师助理
  - Of, relating to, or being a trained assistant to a lawyer.
- paramedic：急救医士，医务辅助人员
  - A specially trained medical technician licensed to provide a wide range of emergency services before or during transportation to a hospital.
    - Intravenous therapy：静脉注射（IV）
- paramilitary：辅助军事的；准军事的
  - Relating to a force formed on a military pattern, especially as a possible backup military force.
[meta-]:"behind" or "beyond"
- metacarpal：掌骨（人的腕骨与指骨之间的五根小型长骨）
- metalanguage：元语言（用于讲述或描述语言或某种语言的词和短语）
- metadata：[计]元数据
  - Data that provides information about other data.
- metaphorical ：暗喻的，隐喻的，比喻的
  - Relating to a figure of speech in which a word or phrase meaning one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a similarity between them.
    - metaphor
- metaphysics：形而上学，玄学
  - The part of philosophy having to do with the ultimate causes and basic nature of things.
- metonymy：转喻（用一名称来指代与之密切相关的事物，例如用 the White House 来指代 the US president）
  - A figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used for the name of something else that is associated with it or related to it.
[per-]:"through," "throughout," or "thoroughly."
- perforate：穿孔 per-,穿过
- perennial：多年的，长久的 per-,整个的
- permanent：永久的 per-,整个的
- persuade：劝说，劝服 per-,完全的
- perverted：颠倒的，反常的，性变态的 per-,完全的，-vert,转
- percolate：渗入，渗透；（想法、感觉、信息）蔓延，逐渐流传
  - (1) To trickle or filter through something porous. (2) To become spread through.
    - percolation
- pervade：渗透；弥漫；遍及
  - To spread through all parts of something.
    - pervasive：无处不在（的）
- permeate：渗透，弥漫
  - (1) To spread throughout. (2) To pass through the pores or small openings of.
    - permeable
    - impermeable
- persevere：坚忍，坚持
  - To keep at something in spite of difficulties, opposition, or discouragement.
    - perseverance
[ant-/anti-]:"against"
- anticlimax：扫兴的
- antiseptic：防腐剂
- antibiotic：抗生素
- antacid：解酸药；抗酸剂
- antidote：解毒剂
- antagonist：对手；敌手
  - A person who opposes or is unfriendly toward another; an opponent.
    - protagonist：主人公，主角
    - antagonize：使对立
    - antagonism：对抗，敌对
- antigen：抗原
  - A chemical substance (such as a protein) that, when introduced into the body, causes the body to form antibodies against it.
    - antibody：<生>抗体
    - allergen：过敏原
    - allergy：过敏
    - pathogen：病原体
    - pathology：病理(学)
- antipathy：反感, 厌恶
  - A strong dislike.
- antithesis：（二者间的）对比，对照;对立
  - (1) The contrast or opposition of ideas. (2) The exact opposite.
[contra-]:"against" or "contrary to"
- contrast
- contrapuntal：对位的（多曲调演奏的；复调音乐的）
- contraband：（非法带入或带出国境的）禁运品，走私货
  - Goods that are forbidden by law to be owned or brought into or out of a country; smuggled goods.
- contraindication：禁忌使用（某种药物或疗法）
  - Something (such as a symptom or condition) that makes a particular treatment, medication, or procedure likely to be unsafe.
- contravene：违反；否认
  - (1) To go against or act contrary to; to violate. (2) To oppose in an argument, to contradict.
    - contravention
- contrarian：采取相反态度(或立场)者(的)
  - A person who takes a contrary position or attitude, especially an investor who buys shares of stock when most others are selling or sells when others are buying.
magnum opus A great work, especially the greatest achievement of an artist, composer, or writer.
memento mori A reminder of mortality, especially a human skull symbolizing death.
habeas corpus An order to bring a jailed person before a judge or court to find out if that person should really be in jail.
rigor mortis The temporary rigidity of muscles that sets in after death.
sine qua non An essential thing.
tabula rasa (1) The mind in its blank or unmarked state before receiving any impressions from outside. (2) Something existing in its original pure state.
terra incognita An unexplored country or field of knowledge.

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