Merriam-Webster's Vocabulary Builder 学习笔记 Unit3

Unit3

2018.05.29

[ambi-] : “on both sides” or “around”
- ambidextrous : adj. 左右手都灵的;搞两面派的;非常灵巧的；非常熟练的
- ambiguous : adj. 模棱两可的, 含糊不清的；引起歧义的;
  - (1) Doubtful or uncertain especially from being obscure or indistinct. (2) Unclear in meaning because of being understandable in more than one way.
    - ambigere：to be undecided
- ambient ：（声音、光线）四周的，环绕的；（气温）周围的
  - Existing or present on all sides.
- ambivalent ：（忧喜参半、好坏参半等）矛盾情绪的；摇摆不定的，犹豫不决的
  - (1) Holding opposite feelings and attitudes at the same time toward someone or something. (2) Continually wavering between opposites or alternative courses of action.
- ambit ：范围（抽象）
  - The range or limit covered by something (such as a law).
[epi-]:"on ,over" or "attached to "
- epicenter : 震中
- epidermis : 表皮
- epilogue : 结语；后记
  - The final section after the main part of a book or play.
- epiphyte : 附生植物
  - A plant that obtains its nutrients from the air and the rain and usually grows on another plant for support.
- epitaph : 墓志铭
  - An inscription on a grave or tomb in memory of the one buried there.
- epithet : 别称；外号
  - (1) A descriptive word or phrase occurring with or in place of the name of a person or thing. (2) An insulting or demeaning word or phrase.
[hyp- /hypo-]:"below ,under"
- hypo·dermic ：（针、注射器）皮下注射的
- hypo·tension : 低血压
- hypochondriac：疑病患者
  - A person overly concerned with his or her own health who often suffers from delusions of physical disease.
- hypoglycemia：低血糖症
  - Abnormal decrease of sugar in the blood.
- hypothermia：体温过低
  - Subnormal temperature of the body.
- hypothetical ：假设的
  - (1) Involving an assumption made for the sake of argument or for further study or investigation. (2) Imagined for purposes of example.
    - hypothesis
[therm- /thermo]:"warm"
- thermometer ：温度计 -meter,仪器
- thermostat : 恒温器 -stat,平衡，稳定，词源同stand.
- thermos：n. 热水瓶
- thermal ：热的，热量的；(衣服)保暖的，御寒的
  - (1) Of, relating to, or caused by heat. (2) Designed to insulate in order to retain body heat.
- thermodynamics：热力学 dynamics,动力学。
  - Physics that deals with the mechanical actions or relations of heat.
- thermonuclear：(武器、设备)热核的
  - Of or relating to the changes in the nucleus of atoms with low atomic weight, such as hydrogen, that require a very high temperature to begin.
- British thermal unit：英国热量单位
  - The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at a specified temperature.
    - joule 焦耳
    - calorie 卡路里
[poly-]:"many"
- polytechnic ：理工专科学院
- polygamy：多配偶（制）；一夫多妻（制）；一妻多夫（制）
- polysyllabic ：多音节的
- polyp：水螅；
  - (1) A sea invertebrate that has a mouth opening at one end surrounded by stinging tentacles. (2) A growth projecting from a mucous membrane, as on the colon or vocal cords.
- polyglot：通晓数种语言的人；（书、社会等）（使用）多种语言的
  - (1) One who can speak or write several languages. (2) Having or using several languages.
- polymer：聚合物(体)
  - A chemical compound formed by a reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form larger molecules with repeating structural units.
    - polymeric：聚合的
    - polypropylene：聚丙烯（制作皮箱等等）
    - polyurethane 聚氨酯（做涂料）
    - polyvinyl chloride(PVC)：聚氯乙烯（管道，塑料袋）
    - polyester：聚酯纤维，涤纶
- polygraph：(描记脉搏、呼吸速率的)多种波动描记器；测谎仪
  - An instrument for recording changes in several bodily functions (such as blood pressure and rate of breathing) at the same time; lie detector.
[prim-]:"first"
- primary：adj. 主要的；初级的；基本的 n. 原色；最主要者
- primitive：adj. 原始的, 早期的；简单的; 粗糙的
- primeval : 太古的；原始的；远古的
- primal：基本的；最初的，原始的
  - Basic or primitive.
- primer：识字课本，启蒙书；入门书
  - (1) A small book for teaching children to read. (2) A small introductory book on a subject.
- primate：灵长目动物
  - Any member of the group of animals that includes human beings, apes, and monkeys.
- primordial：初生的,初发的；原生的，原始的
  - (1) First created or developed. (2) Existing in or from the very beginning.
    - primordium：原基，原始细胞
[hom- /homo-]:"same" ,"similar"
- homo·graph : 同形异义词（（拼写相同，意义不同，读音可能不同））
- homo·sexual ：同性恋的
- homo·nym：同形（同音）异义词（写法或读音相同，但意义不同）
  - One of two or more words pronounced and/or spelled alike but different in meaning.
    - homophone：同音异形词，同音异义词（读音相同，写法或意义不同）

	类型\	pronounciation	spell	meaning	举个栗子
homophone同音异形词，同音异义	homonym 同音	√	×	×	to,too
词（读音相同，写法或意义不同）	异义	√	√	×	quail：鹌鹑；畏缩	homograph : 同形异义词（（拼写相
	homonym 同形	×	√	×	bow /baʊ; baʊ/ v.鞠躬 n.行礼；船锚 bow /bəʊ; boʊ/ 弓；蝴蝶结	同，意义不同，读音可能不同））

homo·ge·neous：同种类的;同性质的;由相同成分（或部分）组成的
- (1) Of the same or a similar kind. (2) Of uniform structure or composition throughout.
  - homogeneity is the quality of being homogeneous. 同种;同质
homologous：同源的
- Developing from the same or a similar part of a remote ancestor.
homogenize：使均质；使类同
- (1) To treat (milk) so that the fat is mixed throughout instead of floating on top. (2) To change (something) so that its parts are the same or similar.
  - By now the suburb had gotten so homogenized that he couldn't tell the families on his street apart.如今郊区都变得一样，以至于他无法区分他街道上的家庭（无法说出，也就不好区分）

[dis-]:"apart ","opposite" or "not"
- distaste：厌恶
- disagreeable:
- deprive ：剥夺
- disinfect：给...消毒
- disbar：取消（某人）的律师资格
- dissipate：驱散；挥霍
- dissuade：劝(某人)不要做(或相信)
  - To convince (someone) not to do something.
- disorient：使迷惘；使迷失方向
  - To cause to be confused or lost.
- discredit：使不可信；败坏…的名声
  - (1) To cause (someone or something) to seem dishonest or untrue. (2) To damage the reputation of (someone).
- dislodge：取出，驱逐
  - To force out of a place, especially a place of rest, hiding, or defense.
    - 【反】lodge：小屋；安顿

Latin Borrowings
- ad hoc：（形势所需而）临时安排的，特别的，专门的
  - Formed or used for a particular purpose or for immediate needs.
- ad hominem Marked by an attack on an opponent's character rather than by an answer to the arguments made or the issues raised.
- alter ego：针对个人（而非理据）的
  - (1) A trusted friend or personal representative. (2) The opposite side of a personality.
- de facto：实际上存在的（不一定合法）
  - Being such in practice or effect, although not formally recognized; actual.
- quid pro quo：报偿；回报
  - Something given or received for something else.
- ex post facto：事后的(地)
  - Done, made, or formulated after the fact.
- modus operandi：做法,惯技
  - A usual way of doing something.
- modus vivendi：妥协；生活方式
  - (1) A practical compromise or arrangement that is acceptable to all concerned. (2) A way of life.

格式参照 https://blog.csdn.net/justry24/article/details/77929519

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