文章目录

专题1：考研常用前后缀
- 1. 前缀
- - 1.1 表示否定意义的前缀
  - - 1.1.1 纯否定前缀
    - - dis-
      - in-, ig-, il-, im-(在以m, b, p开头的词前), ir-
      - non-
      - un-
    - 1.1.2 表示错误的意义
    - - mal-
      - mis-
    - 1.1.3 表示相反,相互对立意思
    - - a-
      - ab-
      - anti-
      - contra-
      - counter-
      - de-
      - with-
      - pseudo-
  - 1.2 表示数量关系的前缀
  - - 1.2.1 表示“单一,一”
    - - mon-, mono-
      - uni-
    - 1.2.2 bi- 表示“二,两,双”
    - 1.2.3 tri- 表示“三”之义
    - 1.2.4 centi- 表示“百,百分之一”
    - 1.2.5 表示“千,千分之一”
    - - kilo-
      - milli-
    - 1.2.6 表示“许多,很多”
    - - multi-
      - poly-
    - 1.2.7 表示“微小的,规模小的”
    - - micro-
      - mini-
    - 1.2.8 macro- 表示“大的,宏观的”
    - 1.2.9 semi- 表示“半,一半”
  - 1.3 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
  - - 1.3.1 by-(bye-) 表示“副,次要的”
    - 1.3.2 extra- 表示“超越,额外”
    - 1.3.3 hyper- 表示“超过,极度”
    - 1.3.4 out- 表示“超越,超过;向外的”
    - 1.3.5 over- 表示“过于,太;上面的;额外的”
    - 1.3.6 sub- 表示“次于;在下面;分支”
    - 1.3.7 super- 表示“超过”:
    - 1.3.8 under- 表示“不足;在下面”
    - 1.3.9 vice- 表示“副,次”
    - 1.3.10 infra- 表示“低于(或超出)某限度的”
    - 1.3.11 ultra- 表示“极端,超过某限度”
  - 1.4 co-,com-,con-,col-,cor- 表示共同,相等意思的前缀
  - 1.5 表示时间,空间,方向,序列关系的前缀
  - - 1.5.1 em-,en- 表示“置于… ;使处于…状态”
    - 1.5.2 ex- 表示“前任;向外”
    - 1.5.3 fore- 表示“在前,前部”
    - 1.5.4 cross- 表示“横过;穿越”
    - 1.5.5 inter- 表示“在…之间,相互”
    - 1.5.6 intra- 表示“在内”
    - 1.5.7 mid- 表示“居中,在中间”
    - 1.5.8 post- 表示“在…之后”
    - 1.5.9 pre- 表示“在…之前”
    - 1.5.10 pro- 表示“居前,预先”
    - 1.5.11 re- 表示“又,再;回到”
    - 1.5.12 trans- 表示“横过,贯穿”
  - 1.6 考研大纲要求掌握的其它重要前缀
  - - 1.6.1 ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等,表示“一再”,表强调加强意义
    - 1.6.2 aero- 表示“空气的;空中的,飞行器的”
    - 1.6.3 auto- 表示“自己(的)”
    - 1.6.4 be- 表示“使…成为(构成动词)”:
    - 1.6.5 bio- 表示“生命，生物”:
    - 1.6.6 tele- 表示“远距离传递的，电视的”
    - 1.6.7 therm(o)- 表示“热的”
- 2. 后缀
- - 2.1 抽象名词后缀,表示“性质,状态,行为,过程”等。
  - - -acy
    - -age
    - -al
    - -ance(-ence,-ency,-ancy)
    - -ation(-ion,-sion,-tion,-ition)
    - -dom
    - -ery(-ry)
    - -hood
    - -ism
    - -ity(-ety,-ty)
    - -ment(-mony)
    - -ness
    - -ship
    - -ure(-ature,iture,-ture)
    - -y
  - 2.2 动词后缀
  - - 2.2.1 -ate “赋予某物;给予…性质"
    - 2.2.2 -en “使成为,变得”
    - 2.2.3 -fy(- ify,-efy) “使得,变成”
    - 2.2.4 -ize(-ise) “成为使,像”
  - 2.3 形容词后缀
  - - 2.3.1 名词→形容词
    - - -al(-ial,-ical,-ual) “有…特性的”
      - -ar “(像)…的;有…性质的”
      - -ary “与…有关的”
      - -ate “充满…的;有…性质的”
      - -ed “有…的;有…特征的”
      - -en “由…制成的;像…一样的”
      - -ful “充满…的;有…性质(倾向) 的”
      - -ic “与…有关的; …的”
      - -ish “有…性的;像…似的”
      - -less “无…的;缺乏…的”
      - -ly “具有…性质的”
      - -ous “有…性质的”
      - \- some “引起(易于)…的”
      - -y(ey) “充满…的;有…特性的”
    - 2.3.2 动词→形容词
    - - -able(ible) “ 能被…的;可被…的”
      - -ant(ent) “是…的;做…的”
      - -ive “有…性质(倾向)的”
      - -y(ey) “有…倾向的”
专题2：考研词根应用
- act
- alter,ali
- apt,ept
- band
- cad,cas,cid
- card, cord
- poten
- sper
- fin
- fus
- form
- pend,pens,pond
- magni
- mod
- tract
- fin
- fus
- form
- pend,pens,pond
- magni
- mod
- tract

专题1：考研常用前后缀

1. 前缀

1.1 表示否定意义的前缀

1.1.1 纯否定前缀

dis-

disgrace
dishonorable
disclose
dispel
dispassionate
dismay
disinclined

in-, ig-, il-, im-(在以m, b, p开头的词前), ir-

insensitive
injustice
inconstant
ignoble
ignore
imbalance
impartial
illiterate
illogical
irregular
irresponsible
irrational

non-

nonsense
non-resident
non-profit
non-stop
nonverbal
nonproductive

un-

unfortunate
unequal
uncivilized
unambitious
unapproachable
unashamed
unauthorized
unbiased
uncertainty

1.1.2 表示错误的意义

mal-

malfunction
maladjustment
malpractice
maltreat
malnutrition
maladministration

mis-

mislead
misconduct
mistreat
misunderstand
misbehave

1.1.3 表示相反,相互对立意思

a-

apolitical
asocial

ab-

abnormal
absence
abdicate
abuse
abstain

anti-

antiwar
antibody

contra-

contranatural
contradict
contrary
controversy

counter-

counteract
counterbalance
counter-culture
countermeasure

de-

desalt
dehydrate
deface
departure

with-

withstand
withhold
withdraw

pseudo-

pseudonym
pseudoscience
pseudology

1.2 表示数量关系的前缀

1.2.1 表示“单一,一”

mon-, mono-

monotone
monopoly
monarch

uni-

uniform
unique
unicellular
unicorn
universal
union
unite

1.2.2 bi- 表示“二,两,双”

bicycle
bilingual
biannual
bimonthly

1.2.3 tri- 表示“三”之义

triple
tricycle
triangular
trivial

1.2.4 centi- 表示“百,百分之一”

centimeter
century

1.2.5 表示“千,千分之一”

kilo-

kilogram
kilometer

milli-

millimeter (mm.)
millennial
milligram

1.2.6 表示“许多,很多”

multi-

multiple
multinational
multimedia
multipurpose
multilingual
multitude

poly-

polysyllable
polycentric

1.2.7 表示“微小的,规模小的”

micro-

Microsoft
microcomputer
microelectronics
microscope

mini-

miniature

1.2.8 macro- 表示“大的,宏观的”

macroeconomics
macrostructure

1.2.9 semi- 表示“半,一半”

semicircle
semifinal
semiconductor
semitransparent

1.3 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀

1.3.1 by-(bye-) 表示“副,次要的”

byproduct
byway
bystander

1.3.2 extra- 表示“超越,额外”

extraordinary
extracurricular
extravagant

1.3.3 hyper- 表示“超过,极度”

hyperactive
hypersensitive
hypertension

1.3.4 out- 表示“超越,超过;向外的”

outdoor
outlook
outlive
outgrow
outnumber
outflow
outweigh

1.3.5 over- 表示“过于,太;上面的;额外的”

overlook
overconfident
overhead
overtime
overvalue
overdue
oversee

1.3.6 sub- 表示“次于;在下面;分支”

subeditor
subordinate
subdivide
subsection
subconscious

1.3.7 super- 表示“超过”:

supermarket
superb
superior
supreme

1.3.8 under- 表示“不足;在下面”

underdevelop
undersea
underestimate

1.3.9 vice- 表示“副,次”

vice-president
vice-chairman
vice-principal

1.3.10 infra- 表示“低于(或超出)某限度的”

infrastructure

1.3.11 ultra- 表示“极端,超过某限度”

ultrasound

1.4 co-,com-,con-,col-,cor- 表示共同,相等意思的前缀

coexist
coordinate
compassion
combat
compatriot
confederation
collaborate
correlate
correspond
corporate

1.5 表示时间,空间,方向,序列关系的前缀

1.5.1 em-,en- 表示“置于… ;使处于…状态”

embody
empower
embed
embrace
endanger
enlarge
encounter
entitle

1.5.2 ex- 表示“前任;向外”

ex-minister
ex-wife
exclude
exempt
expire

1.5.3 fore- 表示“在前,前部”

foreword
forearm
foretell
forewarn
forehead
foresight
foresee

1.5.4 cross- 表示“横过;穿越”

crossroads
cross-cultural
crossbreed

1.5.5 inter- 表示“在…之间,相互”

interchange
interact
interrupt
interview

1.5.6 intra- 表示“在内”

intracity
intranet

1.5.7 mid- 表示“居中,在中间”

midday
midnight
mid-1980s

1.5.8 post- 表示“在…之后”

postgraduate
postwar
postpone
postscript

1.5.9 pre- 表示“在…之前”

prepay
predominant
preface
prescribe

1.5.10 pro- 表示“居前,预先”

profile
prolong
propel

1.5.11 re- 表示“又,再;回到”

reunite
recommend
recur

1.5.12 trans- 表示“横过,贯穿”

transatlantic
transcend

1.6 考研大纲要求掌握的其它重要前缀

1.6.1 ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等,表示“一再”,表强调加强意义

加在同辅音字母的词根前

accuse
afford
affiliate
appall
appeal
arrest
attest

1.6.2 aero- 表示“空气的;空中的,飞行器的”

aeroplane
aerospace

1.6.3 auto- 表示“自己(的)”

auto-criticism
autonomy
automatic

1.6.4 be- 表示“使…成为(构成动词)”:

befriend
belittle
befall
beware
bewilder

1.6.5 bio- 表示“生命，生物”:

biochemistry
biosphere

1.6.6 tele- 表示“远距离传递的，电视的”

telegraph
telecommunication
telescreen

1.6.7 therm(o)- 表示“热的”

thermal
thermometer

2. 后缀

2.1 抽象名词后缀,表示“性质,状态,行为,过程”等。

-acy

democracy
inadequacy

-age

marriage
advantage

-al

denial
revival

-ance(-ence,-ency,-ancy)

assistance
resistance
confidence

-ation(-ion,-sion,-tion,-ition)

corporation
division

-dom

freedom
wisdom

-ery(-ry)

machinery
slavery

-hood

likelihood
neighborhood
brotherhood

-ism

criticism
terrorism

-ity(-ety,-ty)

credibility
diversity

-ment(-mony)

treatment
testimony

-ness

illness
business

-ship

friendship
scholarship
mastership

-ure(-ature,iture,-ture)

failure
procedure

-y

discovery
agony

2.2 动词后缀

2.2.1 -ate “赋予某物;给予…性质"

activate
accelerate

2.2.2 -en “使成为,变得”

strengthen
sadden

2.2.3 -fy(- ify,-efy) “使得,变成”

purify
identify

2.2.4 -ize(-ise) “成为使,像”

criticize
civilize

2.3 形容词后缀

2.3.1 名词→形容词

-al(-ial,-ical,-ual) “有…特性的”

ornamental
vital

-ar “(像)…的;有…性质的”

spectacular
lunar

-ary “与…有关的”

budgetary
elementary

-ate “充满…的;有…性质的”

passionate
fortunate

-ed “有…的;有…特征的”

talented
diseased

-en “由…制成的;像…一样的”

wooden
golden

-ful “充满…的;有…性质(倾向) 的”

sorrowful
masterful

-ic “与…有关的; …的”

scenic
economic

-ish “有…性的;像…似的”

childish
bookish

-less “无…的;缺乏…的”

meaningless
selfless

-ly “具有…性质的”

cowardly
scholarly

-ous “有…性质的”

advantageous
poisonous

- some “引起(易于)…的”

fearsome
quarrelsome

-y(ey) “充满…的;有…特性的”

guilty
funny

2.3.2 动词→形容词

-able(ible) “ 能被…的;可被…的”

adjustable
credible

-ant(ent) “是…的;做…的”

significant
indulgent

-ive “有…性质(倾向)的”

descriptive
decisive

-y(ey) “有…倾向的”

sleepy
choky

专题2：考研词根应用

act

act = to do, to drive 表示“行动，做”

act
actor
actress
action
active
activity
activate
actual
actually
actualize
enact
react
interact
transact
counteract

alter,ali

alter,ali = other, to change表示“转变，改变

alter
alterable
alternate
alternative
alien
alienate

apt,ept

apt,ept = fit, ability, 表示“适应，能力”

apt
aptitude
adapt
adaptable
adaptation
inapt
adept

band

band=bind,表示“捆绑”

band
bandage
bond
bondage
bound
boundary

cad,cas,cid

cad, cas, cid=fall,表示“落下，降临”

case
casual
casualty
occasion
accidental
coincide
coincidence
incident
decay

card, cord

card, cord = heart,表示“ 心脏，一致”

core
cordial
cordiality
record
concord
accord
according
accordance
discord
discordance

poten

poten=powerful,表示“有力的”

potent
potential
impotent
impotence
omnipotent

sper

sper = hope, 表示“希望”

desperate
desperation
despair
prosper
prosperous
prosperity

fin

fin=end, boundary,表示“结束，范围”

finish
finale
finalist
finality
finance
finite
infinite
confine
confined
define
definition
definitive
affinity

fus

fus=pour,表示“流，泻”

refuse
confuse
diffuse
effuse
infuse

form

form=shape,表示“形状”

formal
formalism
formality
formation
formula
formulate
conform
inform
multiform
reform
transform
uniform

pend,pens,pond

pend, pens, pond= weight, expend, 表示“称重量，称银子” 引电为“花费”

expend
expenditure
expensive
pension
compensate
recompense
dispense
dispensable
ponder

magni

magni=big,表示“大”

magnify
magnificent
magnitude

mod

mod=manner, pattern,表示“方式，风度，模式”

modest
moderate
modify
modernize

tract

tract=pull, 表示“拉”

attract
distract
abstract
subtract
ion
despair
prosper
prosperous
prosperity

fin