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shard n. [SHAHRD]

（陶器或玻璃等的）碎片；一小片或一部分；〈动物学〉昆虫翅鞘

Definition

a: a piece of fragment of a brittle substance; broadly: a small piece or part: scrap
a：脆物品的碎片；广义上，小碎片，小零件：碎片

b: shell, scale; especially: elytron
b：壳，鳞；尤其是【昆虫】翅鞘
: a fragment of a pottery vessel found on sites and in refuse deposits where pottery-making peoples have lived
在垃圾场或者制陶厂（制陶工人生活的地方）发现的陶器碎片
: highly angular curved glass fragments of tuffaceous sediment
凝灰岩沉积层中尖角的玻璃碎片

注：elytron：【昆虫】也作elytrum，翅鞘，翅基；tuffaceous：凝灰质的；tuff n. 凝灰岩，一种岩石，精细的火山碎屑通过热熔合而成

Did You Know?

Shard dates back to Old English (where it was spelled sceard), and it is related to the Old English word scieran, meaning “to cut.” English speakers have adopted the modernized shard spelling for most uses, but archaeologists prefer to spell the word sherd when referring to the ancient fragments of pottery they unearth. Other specialized uses of the word shard include a sense referring to the thick front wings in beetles that protect a hind pair of wings and another sense used fro the highly angular curved glass fragments of a type of volcanic rock formation.

词源词根演化：sceard/scieran (to cut) --> shard/sherd

shard这个词可以追溯到古英语，当时写作sceard，以及古英语scieran，意思是“剪切，切割”。英语世界在绝大多数时候使用的是现代的拼法shard，但是考古学家喜欢用sherd这种写法来指代他们出土的古代陶制品的碎片。还有一些其他的专用用法：可以用于指代甲壳虫的厚前翼，用于保护后翼；还可以表示火山岩形成时产生的尖锐的玻璃碎片。（图片参看Reference）

Examples

There were shards of glass on the floor where the burglars had broken into the building the night before.
前一天晚上，盗贼闯入了那栋大楼，在地板上留下了玻璃碎片。
“Some 2,600 years ago, in the land of ancient Israel, a military official inked a request onto the reverse side of a pottery shard: ‘If there is any wine, send [quantity].’ Archaeologists found the shard in the 1960s, but the boozy inscription, which had faded to near invisibility, went unnoticed for decades.”
— Brigit Katz, Smithsonian, 22 June 2017

大约2600年前，在古以色列某地，一位军官在一块陶器碎片的背面写到：如果有任何的酒品，送[数量]。考古学家在1960年代发现了这块碎片，但是这句求酒文本，由于年代久远，几乎不可见了，好几十年都没有人注意到。

注：boozy：嗜酒的

Reference

shard - elytron - 前翼

tuff - tuffaceous - 凝灰岩

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