#include<stdio.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<dirent.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<.h>do_ls([]);dostat( *);show_file_info( *, stat *);mode_to_letters(,[]);* uid_to_name(uid_t);* gid_to_name(gid_t);main( argc, *argv[]){(argc==)do_ls();printf();
}do_ls( dirname[]){DIR *dir_ptr;        dirent *direntp;         ((dir_ptr=opendir(dirname))==)fprintf(stderr,,dirname);{((direntp=readdir(dir_ptr))!=)dostat(direntp->d_name);closedir(dir_ptr);}
}dostat( *filename){stat info;(lstat(filename,&info)==-)perror();show_file_info(filename,&info);
}show_file_info( *filename, stat *info_p){modestr[];mode_to_letters(info_p->st_mode,modestr);printf(,modestr);printf(,()info_p->st_nlink);printf(,uid_to_name(info_p->st_uid));printf(,gid_to_name(info_p->st_gid));printf(,()info_p->st_size);time_t timelong=info_p->st_mtime;tm *htime=localtime(&timelong);printf(,htime->tm_year+,htime->tm_mon+,htime->tm_mday,htime->tm_hour,htime->tm_min);printf(,filename);
}mode_to_letters( mode, str[]){strcpy(str,);(S_ISDIR(mode))   str[]=;(S_ISCHR(mode))   str[]=;(S_ISBLK(mode))   str[]=;(mode & S_IRUSR)  str[]=;(mode & S_IWUSR)  str[]=;(mode & S_IXUSR)  str[]=;(mode & S_IRGRP)  str[]=;(mode & S_IWGRP)  str[]=;(mode & S_IXGRP)  str[]=;(mode & S_IROTH)  str[]=;(mode & S_IWOTH)  str[]=;(mode & S_IXOTH)  str[]=;
}#include<pwd.h>      * uid_to_name(uid_t uid){passwd *pw_str;numstr[];((pw_str=getpwuid(uid))==NULL){sprintf(numstr,,uid);                numstr;}pw_str->pw_name;
}#include<grp.h>* gid_to_name(gid_t gid){group *grp_ptr;numstr[];((grp_ptr=getgrgid(gid))==NULL){sprintf(numstr,,gid);numstr;}grp_ptr->gr_name;
}