1、

PermGen space的全称是Permanent Generation space,是指内存的永久保存区域OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space从表面上看就是内存益出，解决方法也一定是加大内存。说说为什么会内存益出：这一部分用于存放Class和Meta的信息,Class在被 Load的时候被放入PermGen space区域，它和和存放Instance的Heap区域不同,GC(Garbage Collection)不会在主程序运行期对PermGen space进行清理，所以如果你的APP会LOAD很多CLASS的话,就很可能出现PermGen space错误。这种错误常见在web服务器对JSP进行pre compile的时候。
改正方法：-Xms256m -Xmx256m -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m

2、

在tomcat中redeploy时出现outofmemory的错误.
可以有以下几个方面的原因:
a, 使用了proxool,因为proxool内部包含了一个老版本的cglib.

b, log4j,最好不用,只用common-logging

c, 老版本的cglib,快点更新到最新版。

d, 更新到最新的hibernate3.2

3、

这里以tomcat环境为例，其它WEB服务器如jboss,weblogic等是同一个道理。
一、java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space

PermGen space的全称是Permanent Generation space,是指内存的永久保存区域,
这块内存主要是被JVM存放Class和Meta信息的,Class在被Loader时就会被放到PermGen space中,
它和存放类实例(Instance)的Heap区域不同,GC(Garbage Collection)不会在主程序运行期对
PermGen space进行清理，所以如果你的应用中有很多CLASS的话,就很可能出现PermGen space错误,
这种错误常见在web服务器对JSP进行pre compile的时候。如果你的WEB APP下都用了大量的第三方jar, 其大小
超过了jvm默认的大小(4M)那么就会产生此错误信息了。
解决方法： 手动设置MaxPermSize大小

修改TOMCAT_HOME/bin/catalina.sh
在“echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:   $CATALINA_BASE"”上面加入以下行：
JAVA_OPTS="-server -XX:PermSize=64M -XX:MaxPermSize=128m
建议：将相同的第三方jar文件移置到tomcat/shared/lib目录下，这样可以达到减少jar 文档重复占用内存的目的。

二、java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
Heap size 设置
JVM堆的设置是指java程序运行过程中JVM可以调配使用的内存空间的设置.JVM在启动的时候会自动设置Heap size的值，
其初始空间(即-Xms)是物理内存的1/64，最大空间(-Xmx)是物理内存的1/4。可以利用JVM提供的-Xmn -Xms -Xmx等选项可
进行设置。Heap size 的大小是Young Generation 和Tenured Generaion 之和。
提示：在JVM中如果98％的时间是用于GC且可用的Heap size 不足2％的时候将抛出此异常信息。
提示：Heap Size 最大不要超过可用物理内存的80％，一般的要将-Xms和-Xmx选项设置为相同，而-Xmn为1/4的-Xmx值。
解决方法：手动设置Heap size
修改TOMCAT_HOME/bin/catalina.sh
在“echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:   $CATALINA_BASE"”上面加入以下行：
JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms800m -Xmx800m   -XX:MaxNewSize=256m"

三、实例，以下给出1G内存环境下java jvm 的参数设置参考：

JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms800m -Xmx800m  -XX:PermSize=64M -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=128m -Djava.awt.headless=true "

三、相关资料
题外话：经常看到网友抱怨tomcat的性能不如...，不稳定等，其实根据笔者几年的经验，从"互联星空“到现在的房产门户网，我们
均使用tomcat作为WEB服务器，每天访问量百万多，tomcat仍然运行良好。建议大家有问题多从自己程序入手，多看看java的DOC文档
并详细了解JVM的知识。这样开发的程序才会健壮

------转载完毕，因为找不到最先的原文，有得罪了，希望原文作者看见后有疑义请EMAIL我----------------------------------

个人总结，希望大家喜欢。水平有限，有个别疑义的话请见谅

要优化MySQL，首先要知道各项目的意思吧。
先来了解下各个部分的意思。
本人特别用中英日三语来说明。这下都通用了吧

#客户端设定
#Client Setting
#クライアントの設定
[client]

#连接到服务器时的密码
#A password uses for connecting to the server
#サーバに接続する際に使用するパスワード
#password = your_password

#端口号指定
#Port No. Define
#ポート指定
port = 3306

#Socket文件指定
#Socket file Define
#ソケット指定
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

# MySQL服务器配置选项
# MySQL Server Setting Option
# MySQLサーバー

#这里的[]之后都是某个对应的服务的设定，后面就全部省略了
#Start with pair "[]", those option are all about the contents in the service"[]"
#こう書くと以下はmysqldの設定になる。以降はガンガン省略します。
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

# 不使用skip lock
# do not use the skip lock
#システムロックを使用しない。
skip-locking

#作检索操作时的index缓冲大小（MyISAM表用）
#Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
#検索に使われるインデックスをバッファに保存する際のメモリサイズ     （MyISAM`テーブル専用）
key_buffer = 16M

# 进行大BLOB操作时保证的地最大缓冲大小
# Maximum size of a query packet size when working with
# large BLOBs). enlarged dynamically, for each connection.
# 入力データ保持のための最大バッファサイズ
# max_allowed_packet = 16M

# 表的缓冲大小
# table cache size
#データのキャッシュサイズ
table_cache = 64

# 排序时使用的缓冲大小
# buffer size of sort working
#ソートをおこなう際に使用するバッファサイズ
sort_buffer_size = 512K

# 网络连接缓冲区域
# net connecting buffer field
# 接続バッファ領域
net_buffer_length = 8K

# 读取缓冲区大小
# reading buffer field size
# 読み取りバッファ領域
read_buffer_size = 256K

# 随即读取缓冲区大小
# random read buffer field size
#ランダム読み取りバッファ領域
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K

# 恢复数据表时用的缓冲区大小
# buffer size for table recovery
#テーブルをリカバリする際に使用されるバッファ領域
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

# 不确认连接 TCP/IP协议
# skip the connectiong confirm of TCP/IP protocol
#TCP/IP 経由の接続を認めない。
#skip-networking

# query不使用缓冲，直接标准输出
# query was set as std output directly without using buffer
#クエリをバッファしないで、直接標準出力に出力
quick

# 不自动rehash
# no auto rehash
#自動リハッシュを実行しない。
no-auto-rehash

# 只允许update和delete
# only allow update and delete work
#UPDATE と DELETE のみ許可する。
#safe-updates

# 只读区域大小
# Read buffter size
#読みより領域
read_buffer = 2M

# 写入区域大小
# Write buffer size
#書き込み領域
write_buffer = 2M

# 防止空闲
#idling stop
#アイドリングストップ
interactive-timeout

在x86系统下，
    MySQL5.0之前配置文件为my.ini放在$windir"my.ini
    MySQL5.0之后均放在MySQL的安装根目录下

在Unix下(我只用过Solaris),MySQL全局设置放在
/etc/my.cnf
下面是原英文详细说明：

#
# This is a MySQL example config file for systems with 4GB of memory
# running mostly MySQL using InnoDB only tables and performing complex
# queries with few connections.
#
# You can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options
# (/var/lib/mysql for this installation) or to
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the “–help” option.
#
# More detailed information about the individual options can also be
# found in the manual.
#

#
# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
# MySQL client library initialization.
#
[client]
#password = [your_password]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# *** Application-specific options follow here ***

#
# The MySQL server
#
[mysqld]

# generic configuration options
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# back_log is the number of connections the operating system can keep in
# the listen queue, before the MySQL connection manager thread has
# processed them. If you have a very high connection rate and experience
# “connection refused” errors, you might need to increase this value.
# Check your OS documentation for the maximum value of this parameter.
# Attempting to set back_log higher than your operating system limit
# will have no effect.
back_log = 50

# Don’t listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security
# enhancement, if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run
# on the same host. All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix
# sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the “enable-named-pipe” option) will render mysqld useless!
#skip-networking

# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
# connection limit has been reached.
max_connections = 500

# Maximum amount of errors allowed per host. If this limit is reached,
# the host will be blocked from connecting to the MySQL server until
# “FLUSH HOSTS” has been run or the server was restarted. Invalid
# passwords and other errors during the connect phase result in
# increasing this value. See the “Aborted_connects” status variable for
# global counter.
max_connect_errors = 10

# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable “open-files-limit” in
# section [mysqld_safe]
table_cache = 2048

# Enable external file level locking. Enabled file locking will have a
# negative impact on performance, so only use it in case you have
# multiple database instances running on the same files (note some
# restrictions still apply!) or if you use other software relying on
# locking MyISAM tables on file level.
#external-locking

# The maximum size of a query packet the server can handle as well as
# maximum query size server can process (Important when working with
# large BLOBs). enlarged dynamically, for each connection.
max_allowed_packet = 16M

# The size of the cache to hold the SQL statements for the binary log
# during a transaction. If you often use big, multi-statement
# transactions you can increase this value to get more performance. All
# statements from transactions are buffered in the binary log cache and
# are being written to the binary log at once after the COMMIT. If the
# transaction is larger than this value, temporary file on disk is used
# instead. This buffer is allocated per connection on first update
# statement in transaction
binlog_cache_size = 1M

# Maximum allowed size for a single HEAP (in memory) table. This option
# is a protection against the accidential creation of a very large HEAP
# table which could otherwise use up all memory resources.
max_heap_table_size = 64M

# Sort buffer is used to perform sorts for some ORDER BY and GROUP BY
# queries. If sorted data does not fit into the sort buffer, a disk
# based merge sort is used instead - See the “Sort_merge_passes”
# status variable. Allocated per thread if sort is needed.
sort_buffer_size = 8M

# This buffer is used for the optimization of full JOINs (JOINs without
# indexes). Such JOINs are very bad for performance in most cases
# anyway, but setting this variable to a large value reduces the
# performance impact. See the “Select_full_join” status variable for a
# count of full JOINs. Allocated per thread if full join is found
join_buffer_size = 8M

# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
# disconnects, the client’s threads are put in the cache if there aren’t
# more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces
# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
# connections. (Normally this doesn’t give a notable performance
# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
thread_cache_size = 8

# This permits the application to give the threads system a hint for the
# desired number of threads that should be run at the same time. This
# value only makes sense on systems that support the thread_concurrency()
# function call (Sun Solaris, for example).
# You should try [number of CPUs]*(2..4) for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8

# Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them
# without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query
# cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your
# have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the
# “Qcache_lowmem_prunes” status variable to check if the current value
# is high enough for your load.
# Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are
# textually different every time, the query cache may result in a
# slowdown instead of a performance improvement.
query_cache_size = 64M

# Only cache result sets that are smaller than this limit. This is to
# protect the query cache of a very large result set overwriting all
# other query results.
query_cache_limit = 2M

# Minimum word length to be indexed by the full text search index.
# You might wish to decrease it if you need to search for shorter words.
# Note that you need to rebuild your FULLTEXT index, after you have
# modified this value.
ft_min_word_len = 4

# If your system supports the memlock() function call, you might want to
# enable this option while running MySQL to keep it locked in memory and
# to avoid potential swapping out in case of high memory pressure. Good
# for performance.
#memlock

# Table type which is used by default when creating new tables, if not
# specified differently during the CREATE TABLE statement.
#default_table_type = MYISAM

# Thread stack size to use. This amount of memory is always reserved at
# connection time. MySQL itself usually needs no more than 64K of
# memory, while if you use your own stack hungry UDF functions or your
# OS requires more stack for some operations, you might need to set this
# to a higher value.
thread_stack = 192K

# Set the default transaction isolation level. Levels available are:
# READ-UNCOMMITTED, READ-COMMITTED, REPEATABLE-READ, SERIALIZABLE
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ

# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
# of them.
tmp_table_size = 64M

# Enable binary logging. This is required for acting as a MASTER in a
# replication configuration. You also need the binary log if you need
# the ability to do point in time recovery from your latest backup.
# log-bin=mysql-bin

# If you’re using replication with chained slaves (A->B->C), you need to
# enable this option on server B. It enables logging of updates done by
# the slave thread into the slave’s binary log.
#log_slave_updates

# Enable the full query log. Every query (even ones with incorrect
# syntax) that the server receives will be logged. This is useful for
# debugging, it is usually disabled in production use.
#log

# Print warnings to the error log file. If you have any problem with
# MySQL you should enable logging of warnings and examine the error log
# for possible explanations.
#log_warnings

# Log slow queries. Slow queries are queries which take more than the
# amount of time defined in “long_query_time” or which do not use
# indexes well, if log_long_format is enabled. It is normally good idea
# to have this turned on if you frequently add new queries to the
# system.
log_slow_queries

# All queries taking more than this amount of time (in seconds) will be
# trated as slow. Do not use “1″ as a value here, as this will result in
# even very fast queries being logged from time to time (as MySQL
# currently measures time with second accuracy only).
long_query_time = 2

# Log more information in the slow query log. Normally it is good to
# have this turned on. This will enable logging of queries that are not
# using indexes in addition to long running queries.
log_long_format

# The directory used by MySQL for storing temporary files. For example,
# it is used to perform disk based large sorts, as well as for internal
# and explicit temporary tables. It might be good to put it on a
# swapfs/tmpfs filesystem, if you do not create very large temporary
# files. Alternatively you can put it on dedicated disk. You can
# specify multiple paths here by separating them by “;” - they will then
# be used in a round-robin fashion.
#tmpdir = /tmp

# *** Replication related settings

# Unique server identification number between 1 and 2^32-1. This value
# is required for both master and slave hosts. It defaults to 1 if
# “master-host” is not set, but will MySQL will not function as a master
# if it is omitted.
# server-id = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
# the syntax is:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT= ,
# MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;
#
# where you replace , , by quoted strings and
# by the master’s port number (3306 by default).
#
# Example:
#
# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=’125.564.12.1′, MASTER_PORT=3306,
# MASTER_USER=’joe’, MASTER_PASSWORD=’secret’;
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
# changes in this file to the variable values below will be ignored and
# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host =
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user =
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password = #
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port =

# Make the slave read-only. Only users with the SUPER privilege and the
# replication slave thread will be able to modify data on it. You can
# use this to ensure that no applications will accidently modify data on
# the slave instead of the master
#read_only

#*** MyISAM Specific options

# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you’re not using
# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
# used for internal temporary disk tables.
key_buffer_size = 32M

# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
read_buffer_size = 2M

# When reading rows in sorted order after a sort, the rows are read
# through this buffer to avoid disk seeks. You can improve ORDER BY
# performance a lot, if set this to a high value.
# Allocated per thread, when needed.
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

# MyISAM uses special tree-like cache to make bulk inserts (that is,
# INSERT … SELECT, INSERT … VALUES (…), (…), …, and LOAD DATA
# INFILE) faster. This variable limits the size of the cache tree in
# bytes per thread. Setting it to 0 will disable this optimisation. Do
# not set it larger than “key_buffer_size” for optimal performance.
# This buffer is allocated when a bulk insert is detected.
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

# This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in
# REPAIR, OPTIMIZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE
# into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with
# large settings.
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
# through the key cache (which is slower).
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

# If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger
# than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the
# key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in
# large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G

# If a table has more than one index, MyISAM can use more than one
# thread to repair them by sorting in parallel. This makes sense if you
# have multiple CPUs and plenty of memory.
myisam_repair_threads = 1

# Automatically check and repair not properly closed MyISAM tables.
myisam_recover

# *** BDB Specific options ***

# Use this option if you run a MySQL server with BDB support enabled but
# you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and may speed up some
# things.
skip-bdb

# *** INNODB Specific options ***

# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
# and speed up some things.
#skip-innodb

# Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata
# information. If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will
# start to allocate it from the OS. As this is fast enough on most
# recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this
# value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
# cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you
# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
# set it too high.
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G

# InnoDB stores data in one or more data files forming the tablespace.
# If you have a single logical drive for your data, a single
# autoextending file would be good enough. In other cases, a single file
# per device is often a good choice. You can configure InnoDB to use raw
# disk partitions as well - please refer to the manual for more info
# about this.
#innodb_data_home_dir =
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:60G:autoextend

# Set this option if you would like the InnoDB tablespace files to be
# stored in another location. By default this is the MySQL datadir.
#innodb_data_home_dir =

# Number of IO threads to use for async IO operations. This value is
# hardcoded to 4 on Unix, but on Windows disk I/O may benefit from a
# larger number.
innodb_file_io_threads = 4

# If you run into InnoDB tablespace corruption, setting this to a nonzero
# value will likely help you to dump your tables. Start from value 1 and
# increase it until you’re able to dump the table successfully.
#innodb_force_recovery=1

# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16

# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

# Speed up InnoDB shutdown. This will disable InnoDB to do a full purge
# and insert buffer merge on shutdown. It may increase shutdown time a
# lot, but InnoDB will have to do it on the next startup instead.
#innodb_fast_shutdown

# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
# (even with long transactions).
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M

# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
# recovery process.
# innodb_log_file_size = 256M

# Total number of files in the log group. A value of 2-3 is usually good
# enough.
#innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

# Location of the InnoDB log files. Default is the MySQL datadir. You
# may wish to point it to a dedicated hard drive or a RAID1 volume for
# improved performance
#innodb_log_group_home_dir

# Maximum allowed percentage of dirty pages in the InnoDB buffer pool.
# If it is reached, InnoDB will start flushing them out agressively to
# not run out of clean pages at all. This is a soft limit, not
# guaranteed to be held.
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

# The flush method InnoDB will use for Log. The tablespace always uses
# doublewrite flush logic. The default value is “fdatasync”, another
# option is “O_DSYNC”.
#innodb_flush_method=O_DSYNC

# How long an InnoDB transaction should wait for a lock to be granted
# before being rolled back. InnoDB automatically detects transaction
# deadlocks in its own lock table and rolls back the transaction. If you
# use the LOCK TABLES command, or other transaction-safe storage engines
# than InnoDB in the same transaction, then a deadlock may arise which
# InnoDB cannot notice. In cases like this the timeout is useful to
# resolve the situation.
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 240

[mysqldump]
# Do not buffer the whole result set in memory before writing it to
# file. Required for dumping very large tables
quick

max_allowed_packet = 256M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

# Only allow UPDATEs and DELETEs that use keys.
#safe-updates

[isamchk]
key_buffer = 512M
sort_buffer_size = 512M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M

[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 512M
sort_buffer_size = 512M
read_buffer = 8M
write_buffer = 8M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[mysqld_safe]
# Increase the amount of open files allowed per process. Warning: Make
# sure you have set the global system limit high enough! The high value
# is required for a large number of opened tables
open-files-limit = 8192