NCE4 L46 Hobbies

Lesson 46 Hobbies 业余爱好

First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Who, according to the author, are ‘Fortune’s favoured children’?

A gifted American psychologist has said, ‘Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.’ It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.

The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: ‘I will take an interest in this or that.’ Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.

As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire – for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first,those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.

每句注释：

A gifted American psychologist has said(写作句型,宽泛引用), ‘Worry is a spasm(一阵发作) of the emotion(一阵情感的发作); the mind(大脑) catches hold of(抓住) something and will not let it go.’

gifted 天才的，talented 有才华的，a spasm of excitement/pain/grief 一阵激动/疼痛/伤感

stop => come to a stop demonstrate => provide a striking demonstration of 表明 => 清楚地表明

多用动词短语而不是一个动词。catch sight of, catch a glimpse of, catch hold of

Let me go！放开我！ release 放开

It is useless(futile/of no use/effect) to argue with the mind in this condition.

useless 没用的。与你的大脑争论是无用的。

The stronger the will (省略了is), the more futile(fruitless) the task(省略了is).

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成

One can only gently(温柔地) insinuate something else into its convulsive(痉挛的) grasp.

insinuate 使潜入，使…巧妙地进入

你只能缓和而巧纱地让另一种东西进入痉挛僵持的头脑中。

And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it is really attended(呵护) by(通过…方式) the illumination of another field of interest(不同的兴趣领域), gradually, and often quite swiftly(快捷地/迅速地/顺利地), the old(原有的) undue(过度的) grip(grasp) relaxes and the process of recuperation(恢复recovery) and repair(休整)(近义词叠用) begins.

rightly chosen / propoerly chosen

attend v. 1. vt. 出席 to attend a meeting / to attend Harvard.

vi. 照料；处理 (to) attend to(对人时可省略to，或用on) a baby / attend(pay attention to) to(指事情时一定要加to) an urgent matter

伴有== followed by：a method attended by some risk. 伴有一些风险的方法

illuminate vt. 照亮 well-illuminated streets/rooms 灯火通明的街道/采光良好的房间

stage illumination 舞台灯光

enlighten 启迪/启发

swift n. 雨燕；adj. 迅捷的 swiftly <=> smoothly

due adj. 适当的 after due consideration

undue grip ==> convulsive grasp

impair 损坏

第一段大意：The importance of cultivating a hobby 导论，第一段没有出现 hobby 这个词

The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy(策略) of the first importance (头等重要的策略) to a public man(社会活动家).

承上启下，对上段的总结概括。

cultivation => 第一段的 chosen 和 attended

hobby => 第一段的 this something else 以及 attend 前的 it

因此培养一种业余爱好和一种全新的兴趣形式对一个社会活动家来说是头等重要的策略

But this is not a business(a matter) that can be undertaken(开始started/embarked on) in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command(使用) of the will.

但是这业余爱好的培养不是一件说开始就开始的事情，也不是凭一时的毅力就可以临时凑成的事情。

undertake vt. 从事；开始 undertaking 事业

embark 登船 embark on 登上…之船

pro vise improvised 临时凑成，仓促做成

to improvised a composition 匆忙赶出一篇文章

swiftly improvised 匆忙凑成

The growth(cultivation) of alternative mental interests(hobbies) is a long process.

不同内心兴趣的成长是一个长期的过程

have no alternative(choice) but to do

alternative n. 二选一 adj. 替代性的

tive 既可以做名词后缀，也可以做形容词后缀

The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if(引导条件状语从句) the vivifying fruits(生机勃勃的果实) are to be at hand(在手中，得到) when (省略了 they are) needed.

这句话解释上句 long process

如果在需要的时候，想得到那些生机勃勃的果实，人们就要精心选择这个种子，并且将其培植在沃土之上，还必须孜孜不倦地照料

tend vi.倾向于 tend to do; vt.照料 to tend the cattle. to tend the store.

tend == take care of / look after / attend to/on

seduously 孜孜不倦地

vivify vt. 使生机勃勃 vivid adj. 生动的 survive revive

to vivify the desert by irrigation 通过灌溉使沙漠生机勃勃

第二段大意：The cultivation of a hobby is a long process.

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies(数量要求), and they must all be real(质量要求).

要想真正感到幸福和平安，人们至少应该有两三个业余爱好，并且他们必须名副其实。

It is no use starting late in life(在晚年的时候) to say: ‘I will take an interest in this or that.’

到晚年的时候才说：我对这个或那个产生兴趣

It is no use: 写作句型 It is no good doing sth. It is no use doing sth. 不用 to do, 仅限于这两个

be interested in / take an interest in 用名词形成的短语更加高级

Such an attempt(目的 endeavor,effort) only aggravates(加剧) the strain of mental effort(脑力紧张/重负).

这样的一个目的

grave n. 坟墓 adj. 严重的，重大的

strain 紧张 train 作为词根是拉 the strained relationships 紧张的关系 strain vt. 使紧张

第二三句强调要马上着手 start right now

A man may acquire great knowledge of(about) topics unconnected with(linked/related to) his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief.

一个人或许在这些和他日常工作无关的主题上获得渊博的知识，然而却几乎没有得到任何的实益和安慰

acquire: 经过努力地获得

may … yet/but …

It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you (should) do.

做你喜欢做的事是无益的，你客观上必须喜欢你应该做的（真正应该做的业余爱好）。强调名副其实性

下面几句开始分述

Broadly speaking(总的来说,generally speaking), human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.

第一类人是累死的（体力劳动者），第二类人是愁死的（脑力劳动者），第三类人是被厌烦至死的（非劳动者）。

toil over(艰辛地致力于) one’s graduation thesis. work at one’s graduation thesis.

toil vt. 使辛劳 be toiled to death

bore

It is no use offering the manual(physical) labourer(体力劳动者), (who is 非限制性定语省略，翻译时可转为原因状语)tired out(dog tired 筋疲力尽,worn out, exhausted,fatigued) with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon.

It is no use offering /// labor 通常比较艰辛的劳动（体力），mental worker （脑力劳动较轻松）

offer 分隔结构 offer sb, … , sth.

给体力劳动者提供在周六下午踢足球或打棒球的机会是毫无意义的，因为这些体力劳动者由于流汗出力辛劳了一周早已筋疲力尽。（这句讲的是第一类人）意思是体力劳动者应该选择与体力劳动无关的作为好爱。

It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, (此处是非限定定语从句)who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work(劳) or worry(操) about trifling(insignificant,unimportant) things at the weekend.

politician 政界人员：中性词；也可做贬义：政客

invite sb, … , sth.

要求政界人物，专业人员或商界人士在周末的时候为琐碎的事情操劳是毫无意义的，因为他们已经为正经事操劳了整整六天。（这句讲的是第二类人）意思是脑力劳动者应该选择与脑力劳动无关的作为爱好

第三段大意：the inner requirements of a true hobby

As for the unfortunate people who can command(掌握、掌控、使用) everything (省略了that) they want(能随心所欲), who can gratify every caprice(whim)(能满足自己所有的任性) and lay their hands on almost every object of desire(渴求物)(对于一切渴望物唾手可得) – for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.

As for 至于，表示说话人语气的不屑，主观措辞，流露出一种蔑视、轻视

gratify vt. 使满足，satisfy

cap rice （帽子里装大米）意思是任性

whim：怪念头

lay hands on

an object of pity/admiration/worship 可怜/钦佩/崇拜的对象

对于那些能够随心所欲并能满足自己所有任性，以及对所有的渴求物都能唾手可得的这些不幸的人来讲，对他们来讲，一种新的乐趣、一种新的刺激，只是徒增一种厌弃而已。

satisfy – be satisfied with 满足

gratify – be gratified with 满足

satiate – be satiated with 厌腻

In vain(徒劳地) they rush frantically round from place to place(他们到处狂奔乱跑), trying(rush 的伴随状语) to escape from(躲避) avenging boredom(厌烦对他们的报复) by mere clatter and motion(喧嚣和乱窜).

frantic 狂乱的 frantic cries 狂乱的叫嚷

avenge 报复 boredom 厌烦 dom 做名词后缀，表状态 kingdom, freedom, wisdom

boredom 对应上一段 bore to death

clatter 喧嚣的谈话 motion 运动

他们徒劳地到处狂奔乱跑，试图通过喧嚣和乱窜的方式来躲避厌烦对他们的报复。

For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.

对他们来讲，某种形式的纪律约束是最有希望的出路

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings(理性勤劳有价值的人) are divided into two classes: first,those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly those whose work and pleasure are one.

It is said that s’ + v’

It has been said that s’ + v’

It may also be said that s’ + v’

there be -> there exist -> there sit/lie

'industry industrious

Of these(省略了 two classes 范围状语) the former(省略了 class , 此处是一个集合名词) are the majority.

用 of 而不用 among

He is the tallest one in the class.

He is the tallest one of all the students. 所有格关系用 of

jury 陪审团 family 家庭 crew 船员集合名词后面可以 is 或 are ，一个强调集体，一个强调个体。

They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them(指代hours) as their reward, not only the means of sustenance(食物的方式 livelihood, 生计, 谋生手段), but a keen appetite(desire 强烈的渴望,eagerness) for pleasure even in(定语修饰 pleasure) its simplest and most modest(谦虚,朴素,不奢华的) forms.

bussiness hours 营业时间 office hours 办公时间 rush hours 交通高峰时间 peak hours 黄金时间

或用 minutes

bring 后面有两个宾语 not only … but 动宾分裂

他们会有自己的补偿：在办公室和工厂工作的时间作为回报其自身不仅仅带来了谋生的手段，而且还带来了对哪怕是最简单最朴素的乐趣的强烈渴望

sustain vt. 支撑，支持 sustenance n. (1) 支撑（力）(2) 营养物，营养品，食品

But Fortune’s favoured children(命运之神的宠儿) belong to the second class.

Fortune 专有名词，命运之神

Their life is a natural harmony(自然的和谐体).

他们的生命是一种自然的和谐

For them the working hours are never long enough.

对于他们来讲工作的时长永远不够长

Each day is a holiday, and(可以表示对比，翻译成“而”) ordinary holidays(主), when they come, are grudged(谓) as(被抱怨为) enforced(forced) interruptions(被迫中断) in an absorbing(attractive) vocation(修饰interruption).

每天都是节假日，而普通的节假日则被抱怨为是对自己心爱职业的被迫中断（强行中断）。

absorb vt. 1.吸收 2.吸引 attract

absorbing == attractive

主谓分裂，状语居中

Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. 这三个词都在强调有必要培养 hobbies

这句之前讲的是一种全新的分类，讲的都是两类人的好处。

三个介词短语修饰 need，即有三种必要性

整个是主系表 yet to … 是范围状语

outlook n. 1. 风景，景观（空间） 2. 前景（时间） 3. 态度（抽象，对待事物，本句中使用的意思）

a pleasant outlook

a bleak outlook 暗淡/渺茫的前景

a narrow outlook 狭隘的看法

divert 原意指河流的改道，此处为注意力的转移

然而对于两类人来讲，都必须另开眼界，改变氛围，转移注意力。

Indeed, it may well be that(我们完全有理由相信) those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means(the hobbies) of banishing it(work) at intervals(间隔地，间断地，from time to time) from their minds.

indeed in fact in practice in deed(事件) A friend in need is a friend indeed真正的

banish vt. 1. 驱逐，放逐 He was banished from the realm/kingdom. 他被驱逐出境

消解/排除（心理上）to banish one’s care from one’s mind 从自己内心中排除忧愁

carefree无忧无虑的 careladen 忧心忡忡的

实际上，我们完全有理由相信，那些工作与乐趣合二为一的人才是那些最需要把工作从头脑中不时撇开的人。

丘吉尔认为最需要 hobbies 的人是这种分类的第二种人

WINSTON CHURCHLL Painting as a Pastime

Sir Winston Churchill painting in Switzerland in 1946

New words and expressions 生词与短语

gifted adj. 有天才的
psychologist n. 心理学家
spasm n. 一阵（感情）发作
futile adj. 无用的
insinuate v. 便潜入，暗示
convulsive adj. 起痉挛的
illumination n. 启发，照明
undue adj. 不造当的
grip n. 紧张
recuperation n. 休息
improvise v. 临时作成
sedulously adv. 孜孜不倦地
vivify v. 使生气勃勃
aggravate v. 加剧
trifling adj. 微小的
gratify v. 便满意
caprice n. 任性
satiation n. 满足
frantically adv. 狂乱地
avenge v. 替…报复
boredom n. 厌烦
clatter n. 喧闹的谈话
sustenance n. 生计
appetite n. 欲望
grudge v. 怨恨
absorbing adj. 引人入胜的
banish v. 排除，放弃

Notes on the text 课文注释

1、catch hold of,抓住…,let …go,放掉…。
2、lay one’s hands on,得到…,抓到…。
3、Fortune’s favoured children 中的Fortune是指“命运女神”。

参考译文

一位天才的美国心理学家曾经说过：“烦恼是感情的发作，此时脑子纠缠住了某种东西又不肯松手。”在这种情况下，你又和头脑争吵让它松手是无济于事的。这种意志越是强烈，这种尝试越是徒劳。你只能缓和而巧纱地让另一种东西进入痉挛僵持的头脑中。如果选得合适，而且的确受到别的领域的情趣的启迪，那么渐渐地，往往也是很顺利地，原先不适当的紧张就会松弛下来，恢复和修整的过程就会开始。

因此，对一个从事社会活动的人来说，培养一种业余爱好和各种新的兴趣是关等重要的作法。但这并非一日之功，也不是单凭一蹴而就的事。精神上多种情趣的培养是一个长期的过程。要想在需要的时候可随手摘取充满生机的果实，那就必然从选良种做起，然后将其植入肥沃的土地，还需要勤勉地护理。

一个人要想真正感到幸福和平安，至少应有两三种爱好，而且都比较实际。到了晚年才开始说：“我会对这些人或那个人发生兴趣”，已没有用了。这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张。一个人可能会获得与其日常工作无关的某些课题的渊博知识，而没有从中得到什么实益或宽慰。干你所喜欢的事是没有用的，你喜欢你所干的事。泛泛地说，人可以分为3类：劳累至死的人、忧虑至死的人、无聊至死的人。对于流汗出力干了一周苦活的体力劳动者来说，让他们在星期六下午再踢足球或打垒球是不合适的；同样，对于为严肃的公务操劳或烦恼了6天的政界人士、专业人员、商人来说，在周未再让他们为琐事而动脑子和忧虑也是无益的。

至于那些能任意支配一切的“可怜的人”，他们能够恣意妄为，能染指一切追求的目标。对这种人来说，多一种新的乐趣、多一种新的刺激只是增加一分厌腻而已。他们到处奔乱跑，企图以闲聊和乱窜来摆脱无聊对他们的报复，但这是徒劳的。对他们来说，用某种形式的纪律约束他们一下才能有希望使他们走上正道。

也可以这样说，理智的，勤劳的、有用的人可以分为两类：第一类是他分清工作是工作，娱乐是娱乐的人；第二类人的工作和娱乐是一回事。这两类人当中，第一类人是大多数，他们能够得到补偿。在办公室或工厂里长时间工作给他们带来了酬劳，这不仅是谋生的手段，而且还带来了寻找乐趣的强烈欲望，那怕是最简单的、最低等的乐趣。但是，命运之神的宠儿是第二类人，他们的生活是一种自然的和谐，对他们来说，工作时间总不会太长，每天都是假日，而通常的假期来到，他们却惋惜这假期强制打断了他们埋头从事的工作。然而对这两种人来说，都需要换一换脑子，改变一下气氛，转移一下注意力，这是不可缺少的。说实在的，把工作当作享受的那些人最需要每隔一段时间把工作从头脑中撇开。

NCE4 L46 Hobbies相关推荐

新概念英语（第四册，旧版）复习（原文及全文翻译）——Lesson 58 - Hobbies（培养一种爱好）
Lesson 58 - Hobbies A gifted American psychologist has said, "Worry is a spasm of the emotion; ...
全排列牛客和L46，L47
牛客,利用交换实现回溯 1.题目描述输入一个字符串,按字典序打印出该字符串中字符的所有排列.例如输入字符串abc,则打印出由字符a,b,c所能排列出来的所有字符串abc,acb,bac,bca,ca ...
HOW TO TURN CONSUMER HOBBIES INTO PRODUCTION HOBBIES -- 怎样把“消费型爱好”转换“生产型爱好”
Almost all every celebrity biography, you can see celebrities telling you: "Do what you love! A ...
Codeforces Round #647 (Div. 2) - Thanks, Algo Muse!B. Johnny and His Hobbies（异或）---题解
来源:http://codeforces.com/contest/1362/problem/B Among Johnny's numerous hobbies, there are two seemi ...
nce计算机证书,2004年NCE-4全国计算机等级考试四级上机真题.doc
2004年NCE-4全国计算机等级考试四级上机真题全国计算机等级考试 2004年下半年版捷成模拟系统四级上机题全集 (带捷成模拟系统原解法及优化解法) 2004年6月20日编者:凌云志注:ID ...
NCE4 L5 Youth
Lesson 5 Youth 青年 First listen and then answer the following question: 听录音,然后回答以下问题. How does the wr ...
L46.linux命令每日一练 -- 第七章 Linux用户管理及用户信息查询命令 -- w和who
7.13 w:显示已登录用户信息 7.13.1 命令详解 [命令星级] ★★★★★ [功能说明] w命令可以显示已经登录系统的用户,并显示用户正在执行的命令. [语法格式] w [op ...
NCE4 L7 Bats
Lesson 7 Bats 蝙蝠 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音,然后回答以下问题. In what way does ...
NCE4 L3 Matterhorn man
Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音,然后回答以下问题. W ...

NCE4 L46 Hobbies

Lesson 46 Hobbies 业余爱好

NCE4 L46 Hobbies相关推荐

最新文章

热门文章