NCE4 L3 Matterhorn man

Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人

First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?

Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal – the top!

It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could – sometimes with the local priest who was usually as poor as his parishioners, sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

每句注释：

Modern alpinists(不用climbers是因为后面有 climb 了) try to climb mountains(登山) by a route which(修饰route的定语从句) will give them good sport(运动；运动量，此处不可数), and the more difficult it(指代route) is, the more highly it is regarded(收到重视).

the Alps 阿尔卑斯山 / Alpine 阿尔卑斯山脉的 alpine 高山 alpinism 登山运动 alpinist 登山者

route n. 路线 -> road n. 道路 -> way n. 路 -> railway/railroad 铁路 -> highway 公路（不是高速公路）

高速公路：express way

a sea route 水路 / an air route 空路 / the 8th Route Army 八路军

by a route / by way of 借道 to visit London by way of Dover 借道多佛去伦敦

give sb. sth. 双宾语

good: teach sb. a good lesson 狠狠地教训； a good half of 足足一半的/一大半的；make good money赚大钱；to travel a good distance 走了很远的一段距离；a good many 许多；good 用来加强语气

the more …, the more … 越来越

regard vt. 1. 视作，看作；

对待，看待 How is he regarded locally? 当地人怎么看待他？他在当地名声如何？

to regard sb. with respect/contempt / to regard sb. highly/contemptuously 尊重/鄙视/高度重视/鄙视某人

regard … with n. regard … adv.

to regard sb. with love

现代登山运动员的心理和追求。

In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all(in the slightest/least).

in the pioneering days/years/stage/phase/period

in those days / These days, … / better days / in the days to come / rainy days经济困难的日子 / dog days 三伏天 days 表示岁月

rush/office/bussiness/school/peak hours 尖峰时刻/办公时间/营业时间/上课时间/黄金时间

not in the slightest / in the least

the case / the truth 事实

This was indeed the case / It’s not always the case / It’s quite another case / That’s not the case with(in terms of) me 情况确实如此 / 情况并非总是如此 / 这完全是另一回事 / 就我来讲，这并非事情

本句是过渡句

The early climbers(the pioneering alpinists) were looking for the easiest(和之前的difficult形成反差) way(route) to the top(summit), because the summit was the prize(purpose/aim/goal/end) (省略了that) they sought, especially if it(the summit) had never been(过去之前的情形) attained(征服conquer/surmount/subdue) before.

He was sleeping when the telephone rang.

用过去进行时让读者仿佛看到了当时的运动员正在找一条简单的路

showing / telling 用展现描绘而不是 tell

prize / award

a merit prize 优秀奖

purpose / aim / goal / end

seek (for) == look for == search for == hunt for

attain vt. 到达；达到 vi. (to)

征服：conquer / surmount / subdue

It is true that(经典句型) during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous(dangeous) nature(他们往往面临着最惊心动魄的危险), (省略了 as they were) equipped(过去分词作原因状语) in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought(一想到), but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement(追求刺激).

It is true that …, but …

True, … , but …

Granted, … , but …

Despite the fact that(==Although/while) …, …

It(形式主语) is true that he failed in the exam, but he is still an excellent student.

True(Granted) he failed in the exam, but he is still an excellent student.

Although(==while/Despite the fact that) he failed in the exam, (不要but,因为although等是连接词)he is still an excellent student.

explore exploration

they were often faced with / were often confronted with

letters (of a personal nature) == personal letters 私人信件

books (of an erotic nature) 色情书籍

research (of a fundamental nature) 基础研究

… they often faced difficulties and dangers …, equipped in a manner …

s + v + o, done …

interest vt. 使感兴趣 / be interested in // arm vt. 装备，使配备 / be armed with

equip vt. / be equipped with 用被动形式表示主动逻辑

Armed with a torch, he went up into the tower. （clock tower 钟楼）他拿着手电筒登上了塔楼

Done … , s + v . 前面是对后面的补充说明

He tried to explain the situation and said ‘it’s only me’.

Trying to explain the situation, he saied ‘it’s only me’. 后为重点

He tried to explain the situation, saying ‘it’s only me’.

Doing …, Done …, To do, s + v.

还原成状语从句：conj. s + do/be done/will, s + v.

As they were equipped …, …

in a manner/way/mode/fashion

by a … means

to do sth. in a routine manner 按照惯例做某事

I’m sorry that I reacted in such an impulsive manner. 对不起，我的反应太冲动了。

on one’s way to sp. 在自己去某处的地方

go out of one’s way to do 故意/刻意去做某事

court death/punishment/a lady

They had a single(sole) aim, a solitary goal – the top!

他们只有一个目标：登顶

第一段大意：早期登山运动员和现在登山运动员的不同，强调早期。

It is hard for us to realize(写作句型) nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers(early climbers).

现在我们很难意识到对早期的运动员困难会有多大。

Except for(除了=apart/aside from这两个放句首一英一美 = other than) one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular(非限制性定语从句，因为前面的两个地名是确定的、具体的), Alpine villages tended to(往往) be impoverished(对应上句的difficult) settlements(穷乡僻壤) cut off from civilization(与世隔绝) by the high mountains(群山环绕)(修饰settlement).

except /for/that/when

No one is late for class except Tom. 只有 Tom 迟到了

Rose is late for class besides Tom. 都迟到了

Your composition is excellent except for a few spelling mistakes. 前整体，后部分，用 except for=apart/aside from这两个放句首一英一美 = other than

I know nothing about his plan except that he will resign.

Pumas will not attack human beings unless(except when) they are cornered.

poor adj. impoverished adj. poverty n. 贫穷 poverty-ridden 穷困潦倒的

settlement 表示定居点

cut off(副词，去掉)

切掉：to cut the head of the chick off 剁掉鸡头

切断：to cut off the food supply. / people cut off not only from foreigh tourists but even from their own countrymen. 不仅和外国游客而且和本国同胞失去联系的人（与世隔绝的人）

除了一两个比如…和…的地方以外，阿尔卑斯村庄往往是群山包围、与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤。

Such inns(accommodations/hotels) as there were(省略了in the Alps) were(第二个were是谓语动词) generally(通常/往往) dirty and flea-ridden(对应首句difficult)(定语从句);(平行并列的时候用分号) the food(省略了was) simply local cheese(土奶酪) accompanied by bread(过去分词短语，就着面包吃奶酪) often twelve months old(形容词短语，stale bread陈年面包hhh), all(代词/名词) (没有was) washed down(过去分词短语) with coarse wine(劣质酒)(这部分整体是一个独立主格结构，

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NCE4 L3 Matterhorn man

Lesson 3 Matterhorn man 马特霍恩山区人

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