英国NBS—BIM Levels Explained BIM 等级定义的解释

英国政府已经认识到了BIM的协同工作是需要一个过程的，从甩图版一直到电脑辅助直至数据时代是一个不断递进的过程，所以定义了从Level 0到Level 3的四个阶段，具体的定义我给放出英文和中文（自己翻译的），如有不对请指正，共同进步。

Level 0 BIM

In its simplest form, level 0 effectively means no collaboration. 2D CAD drafting only is utilised, mainly for Production Information (RIBA Plan of Work 2013 stage 4). Output and distribution is via paper or electronic prints, or a mixture of both. The majority of the industry is already well ahead of this now。

就其最初级的形式，level 0事实上意味着是没有合作的，二维的电脑辅助制图只是用于信息的产生（英国皇家建筑师学会（RIBA）2013年工作计划第四阶段）。产出和发布主要是通过纸质版、电子版或者是它们的混合。业内大多数已经超过这一阶段了。

Level 1 BIM

This is the level at which many organisations are currently operating. This typically comprises a mixture of 3D CAD for concept work, and 2D for drafting of statutory approval documentation and Production Information. CAD standards are managed to BS 1192:2007, and electronic sharing of data is carried out from a common data environment (CDE), often managed by the contractor. Models are not shared between project team members.

这一阶段中的许多机构现在已经在处于这一阶了。典型的包括三维的电脑辅助概念设计，以及包括规范批准文档和信息产生的二维制图。电脑辅助下的设计标准是使用BS 1192:2007，电子版的数据分享是在一个公共数据环境内进行的，常由承包人管理。模型不被工程项目成员间共享。

Level 2 BIM

This is distinguished by collaborative working – all parties use their own 3D CAD models, but not necessarily working on a single, shared model. The collaboration comes in the form of how the information is exchanged between different parties – and is the crucial aspect of this level. Design information is shared through a common file format, which enables any organisation to be able to combine that data with their own in order to make a federated BIM model, and to carry out interrogative checks on it. Hence any CAD software that each party used must be capable of exporting to one of the common file formats such as IFC (Industry Foundation Class) or COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange). This is the method of working that has been set as a minimum target by the UK government for all work on public-sector work, by 2016.

这一阶段主要是依据是否协作工作来区分-所有参与单位使用他们自己的三维模型，但是不需要一个单独的、共享的模型。这一合作模式主要根据不同参与单位的信息交换的方式而定-这也是这个阶段的关键。设计的信息是通过一个通用文件格式来分享，使任何机构能够在这个数据基础上结合自己的数据，以便整理出一个集成的BIM模型，通过检查模型也可以提出些问题。因此任何一方使用的电脑辅助设计软件必须有能力输出一个通用的文件格式，比如IFC或者是COBie。这一工作方式被英国政府设定为到2016年所有公共工程所要实现的最底目标。

Level 3 BIM

Currently seen as the holy grail, this represents full collaboration between all disciplines by means of using a single, shared project model which is held in a centralized repository. All parties can access and modify that same model, and the benefit is that it removes the final layer of risk for conflicting information. This is known as ‘Open BIM’. Current nervousness in the industry around issues such as copyright and liability are intended to be resolved – the former by means of robust appointment documents and software originator/read/write permissions, and the latter by shared-risk procurement routes such as partnering. The CIC BIM Protocol makes provision for these.

现阶段被认为是一个“圣杯”（很难达到），这一阶段表示着在各种规范下全面的合作，这一合作是基于使用一个单独的、共享工程模型，模型是存储在一个集中存储库里。所有参与单位能访问、编辑这同一模型，好处是这样消除了最后一层信息冲突的风险。这被人所熟知的是叫“开放式的BIM”。现阶段产业主要麻烦的是围绕版权、责任的问题的解决—之前是靠健全的约定文件以及软件的发起人/读取/写入的准许，之后共同承担风险方式比如合作。英国建筑工业委员会有提供相应的条款。

原文链接：https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/bim-levels-explained

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