新概念三-Lesson1-课文笔记

A puma at large

at large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的

– The thief is still at large

Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.

cat-like

bear-like animals
lady-like behavior
child-like simplicity
an angel-like girl
crystal-like eyes
flu-like symptoms

(CET-4) Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals.

As is shown in the picture, there is a cobweb-like structure with separate compartments packed in it.
be found in（动植物/其它物质生存/存在于某地）
Many plant and animal species are found only in the rainforests.

Vitamin C is found in citru’s fruit.
造句:大熊猫(giant panda)是一种大型的，类似于熊的动物，产于中国四川省。

When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.

came into

知识点：无灵主语，物称主语

外国人倾向于强调客观事物对人产生的影响，于是常用物作主语

①A good idea came into my mind.
②A good idea flashed into my mind.

③Business took him to the town.
④A warm and sunny Sunday found my whole family going for an outing at the beach.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1、从定义上看:同位语从句解释前面名词的具体内容;而定语从句仅起到后置定语的作用，常译为…的"
2、从形式上看:同位语从句中的“that"仅起到连接符号的作用，不充当语法成分;而定语从句中的“that”是关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。

e.g.

The proposal that John should be dismissed is unacceptable.
The proposal that John put forward is unacceptable.
为什么report的同位语从句在后面呢？——避免头重脚轻，为了句式的平衡，越长的成分越往后放

e.g. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. —— Thomas Jefferson
seen = found = observed
in/ on/ to the south of
Shanghai is in the south of China.——内部
Vietnam is on the south of China.——外部，接壤
Indonesiais to the south of China.——外部，不接壤，"to the"可省略
take…seriously

take 在这里是看待，对待的意思

take…lightly
…they were taken lightly.
造句:当消息(news)传到了国家博物馆(the national museum),说是在西安以南100公里处发现了一座古墓(an ancient tomb)的时候，这则消息受到了重视。

However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.

give descriptions 做描述
= make descriptions
claim to have done 声称曾经做过某事（claim to do 声称要做）

这是固定结构 + 做事先后顺序的结果

e.x.

Everyone went to the funeral, for the ‘ghost’ was none other than Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died as a young man.

suppose to do 应该做……

suppose to have done 曾经应该做了……
were extraordinarily similar 十分相像

e.x.

were particularly alike
had a lot in common
had considerable commonalities
造句:随着病例(case)开始慢慢增多，医学专家们(specialist)觉得必须要调查了，因为得了这种病的人的症状(symptom)特别地相似。

The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw

’a large cat’ only five yards away from her.

hunt for出去到处找

即可作动词也可作名词，变成名词时，后面跟着的介词与动词短语一致

e.g.

I’m hunting for a job now.
The hunt for a job will begin tomorrow.

注意：表示“的”，不一定是用of

e.g.

the winter in America
the entrance to the parking lot
a witness to the accident
a longing for love
the reason for the disaster

The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning

and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.

prove (to be) + adji. / n.被证明是.——连系动词 + 名词/形容词

His injury proved (to be) fatal.
The operation proved (to be) a success.

e.x.

turn out to be + adj. / n.原来是…

(NCE3-3 P22-L 14) When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.

Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.

疑问词+ ever (whenever, wherever, whoever, whichever, whatever …有两个含义:
1、表示无论…引导让步状语从句。= no matter +疑问词

2、表示“到…”用于疑问句中。
(NCE3-2 P18-L 10) ‘Whatever are you doing up here Bill?’ asked the vicar in surprise.
Wherever did you go yesterday?
When ever am | going to see you again?

When will you ever learn(学会)? = Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?
a trail of 一连串

常用搭配：Wherever he went, he left a trail of … behind him.

e.g.

Wherever he went, he left a trail of unpaid bills behind him.
Wherever he went, he left a trail of broken hearts behind him.
behind

宾语和状语可以调换位置，为了句式平衡，长的放后头

Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.

无灵主语

好处：因为人在这里并不重要，因此省去可使句子更加简洁；更能突出核心

e.g.人们对下岗工人的生活状况越来越关注了。

People have paid more and more attention to the condition of the laid-off workers.

新闻新在哪里，哪里就是重点，这句话表明，“注意力”越来越多，此为重点。

→Increasing attention has been paid to the condition of the laid-off workers.
fur 毛 + 皮——走兽的
a fur coat
feather 羽毛 —— 飞禽的
fur and feather 飞禽走兽（借代，压首韵的修辞）
fin, fur and feather
e.x. The crown should not yield to the cross
clinging to bushes是现在分词短语做宾补

e.g.

As no pumas had been reported missing from any Z00 in the country,
The fire was reported controlled.
繁冗版：It is reported that the fire was controlled.

Several people complained of "cat-like noises’ at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree.

complain of / about sth; complain that （不及物）

She complained that no one had been at the airport to meet her.
on a fishing trip

on 常常用于在。。。途中，不能用in（中文的在路上不能翻译成 in ）

e.g.

on a business / honeymoon trip 在出差/蜜月旅行的途中
on a journey（中长距离）/ voyage（远海） / expedition（远征） / tour（环游，会回起点）
up a tree

宾补

As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.

must have done 强烈的肯定；非常有把握的推测；当初一定做过某事

You must have been ill yesterday.You looked so pale.

must do 对现在的推测

(有人在敲门)She knew that it must be the baker.

e.x.

1、may / might have done 语气比must弱

2、can not / could not have done 不可能做过某事

You can’t have been ill yesterday. I saw you going shopping with your wife

(NCE3-60 P268-L 27) The girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake.

3、should / ought to have done 过去本应该做但是没做
4、should not / ouqht not to have done 过去不应该做但是做了，含责备语气
in the possessionof sb./ in one’s possession 物作主语，被某人拥有
e.x. in possession of sth. 人作主语，拥有某物
The book is in my possessio

The book is in the possession of me(这样写不好，宾语短就应该放前面)

I’m in possession of the book.

e.x.类似的结构

in the charge of sb. / in one’s charge
in charge of
The bookstore is in my charge
I’m in charge of the bookstore.
manage to do 设法完成了某事，强调结果“完成了”
(NCE3-2 P18-L 1) Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.

cmpr. try to do 设法做某事，强调过程

e.x. 反义词：fail to do 没做成某事

It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.

常用句型：It is…to think that 想到…是…的
It is worrying to think that
It is exciting to think that
It is comforting to think that…
It is amusing to think that
It is irritating to think that

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