Thymeleaf

Thymeleaf 是一个跟 Velocity、FreeMarker 类似的模板引擎，它可以完全替代 JSP 。相较与其他的模板引擎，它有如下三个极吸引人的特点

• Thymeleaf 在有网络和无网络的环境下皆可运行，即它可以让美工在浏览器查看页面的静态效果，也可以让程序员在服务器查看带数据的动态页面效果。这是由于它支持 html 原型，然后在 html 标签里增加额外的属性来达到模板 + 数据的展示方式。浏览器解释 html 时会忽略未定义的标签属性，所以 thymeleaf 的模板可以静态地运行；当有数据返回到页面时，Thymeleaf 标签会动态地替换掉静态内容，使页面动态显示。
• Thymeleaf 开箱即用的特性。它提供标准和 Spring 标准两种方言，可以直接套用模板实现 JSTL、 OGNL 表达式效果，避免每天套模板、改 JSTL、改标签的困扰。同时开发人员也可以扩展和创建自定义的方言。
• Thymeleaf 提供 Spring 标准方言和一个与 SpringMVC 完美集成的可选模块，可以快速的实现表单绑定、属性编辑器、国际化等功能。

为什么使用Thymeleaf?

如果希望以 Jar 形式发布模块则尽量不要使用 JSP 相关知识，这是因为 JSP 在内嵌的 Servlet 容器上运行有一些问题 (内嵌 Tomcat、 Jetty 不支持 Jar 形式运行 JSP，Undertow 不支持 JSP)。

Spring Boot 中推荐使用 Thymeleaf 作为模板引擎，因为 Thymeleaf 提供了完美的 Spring MVC 支持

Spring Boot 提供了大量模板引擎，包括：

• FreeMarker
• Groovy
• Mustache
• Thymeleaf
• Velocity
• Beetl

第一个 Thymeleaf 模板页

引入依赖

• 主要增加 spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf 和 nekohtml 这两个依赖
• spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf：Thymeleaf 自动配置
• nekohtml：允许使用非严格的 HTML 语法
  完整的 pom.xml 如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.funtl</groupId><artifactId>hello-spring-boot</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>jar</packaging><name>hello-spring-boot</name><description></description><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding><project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding><java.version>1.8</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId></dependency><!--thymeleaf--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><!--thymeleaf-end--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><!--nekohtml--><dependency><groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId><artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId><version>1.9.22</version></dependency><!--nekohtml-end--></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><mainClass>com.funtl.hello.spring.boot.HelloSpringBootApplication</mainClass></configuration></plugin></plugins></build>
</project>

在 application.yml 中配置 Thymeleaf

spring:thymeleaf:cache: false # 开发时关闭缓存,不然没法看到实时页面mode: HTML # 用非严格的 HTMLencoding: UTF-8servlet:content-type: text/html

创建测试用 JavaBean

创建一个测试效果的 JavaBean，简单封装一下即可

package com.funtl.hello.spring.boot.entity;import java.io.Serializable;public class PersonBean implements Serializable {private String name;private Integer age;public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}
}

创建测试用 Controller

创建一个 Controller，造一些测试数据并设置跳转

package com.funtl.hello.spring.boot.controller;import com.funtl.hello.spring.boot.entity.PersonBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "thymeleaf")
public class IndexController {@RequestMapping(value = "index", method = RequestMethod.GET)public String index(Model model) {PersonBean person = new PersonBean();person.setName("张三");person.setAge(22);List<PersonBean> people = new ArrayList<>();PersonBean p1 = new PersonBean();p1.setName("李四");p1.setAge(23);people.add(p1);PersonBean p2 = new PersonBean();p2.setName("王五");p2.setAge(24);people.add(p2);PersonBean p3 = new PersonBean();p3.setName("赵六");p3.setAge(25);people.add(p3);model.addAttribute("person", person);model.addAttribute("people", people);return "index";}
}

创建测试页面

在 templates 目录下创建 index.html 文件，代码如下：

<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "http://www.thymeleaf.org/dtd/xhtml1-strict-thymeleaf-spring4-4.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Hello Thymeleaf</title>
</head>
<body><div><span>访问 Model：</span><span th:text="${person.name}"></span></div><div><span>访问列表</span><table><thead><tr><th>姓名</th><th>年龄</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr th:each="human : ${people}"><td th:text="${human.name}"></td><td th:text="${human.age}"></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</body>
</html>

修改 html 标签用于引入 thymeleaf 引擎，这样才可以在其他标签里使用 th:* 语法，声明如下：

<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "http://www.thymeleaf.org/dtd/xhtml1-strict-thymeleaf-spring4-4.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

Thymeleaf 常用语法

引入 Thymeleaf

• 修改 html 标签用于引入 thymeleaf 引擎，这样才可以在其他标签里使用 th: 语法，这是下面语法的前提。*

<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "http://www.thymeleaf.org/dtd/xhtml1-strict-thymeleaf-spring4-4.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

获取变量值

<p th:text="'Hello！, ' + ${name} + '!'" >name</p>

• 可以看出获取变量值用 $ 符号,对于javaBean的话使用 变量名.属性名 方式获取,这点和 EL 表达式一样.

• 另外 $ 表达式只能写在th标签内部,不然不会生效,上面例子就是使用 th:text 标签的值替换 p 标签里面的值,至于 p 里面的原有的值只是为了给前端开发时做展示用的.这样的话很好的做到了前后端分离.

引入 URL

• Thymeleaf 对于 URL 的处理是通过语法 @{…} 来处理的

<a th:href="@{http://www.baidu.com}">绝对路径</a>
<a th:href="@{/}">相对路径</a>
<a th:href="@{css/bootstrap.min.css}">Content路径,默认访问static下的css文件夹</a>

类似的标签有:th:href 和 th:src

字符串替换

• 很多时候可能我们只需要对一大段文字中的某一处地方进行替换，可以通过字符串拼接操作完成：

<span th:text="'Welcome to our application, ' + ${user.name} + '!'">

• 一种更简洁的方式是：

<span th:text="|Welcome to our application, ${user.name}!|">

• 当然这种形式限制比较多，|…|中只能包含变量表达式${…}，不能包含其他常量、条件表达式等。

运算符

• 在表达式中可以使用各类算术运算符，例如+, -, *, /, %

th:with="isEven=(${prodStat.count} % 2 == 0)"

• 逻辑运算符>, <, <=,>=，==,!=都可以使用，唯一需要注意的是使用<,>时需要用它的HTML转义符：

th:if="${prodStat.count} > 1"
th:text="'Execution mode is ' + ( (${execMode} == 'dev')? 'Development' : 'Production')"

if/unless

• Thymeleaf 中使用 th:if 和 th:unless 属性进行条件判断，下面的例子中，标签只有在 th:if 中条件成立时才显示：

<a th:href="@{/login}" th:unless=${session.user != null}>Login</a>

th:unless 于 th:if 恰好相反，只有表达式中的条件不成立，才会显示其内容。

switch

Thymeleaf 同样支持多路选择 Switch 结构：

<div th:switch="${user.role}"><p th:case="'admin'">User is an administrator</p><p th:case="#{roles.manager}">User is a manager</p>
</div>

• 默认属性 default 可以用 * 表示：

<div th:switch="${user.role}"><p th:case="'admin'">User is an administrator</p><p th:case="#{roles.manager}">User is a manager</p><p th:case="*">User is some other thing</p>
</div>

循环

渲染列表数据是一种非常常见的场景，例如现在有 n 条记录需要渲染成一个表格，该数据集合必须是可以遍历的，使用 th:each 标签：

<body><h1>Product list</h1><table><tr><th>NAME</th><th>PRICE</th><th>IN STOCK</th></tr><tr th:each="prod : ${prods}"><td th:text="${prod.name}">Onions</td><td th:text="${prod.price}">2.41</td><td th:text="${prod.inStock}? #{true} : #{false}">yes</td></tr></table><p><a href="../home.html" th:href="@{/}">Return to home</a></p>
</body>

可以看到，需要在被循环渲染的元素（这里是）中加入 th:each 标签，其中 th:each="prod : ${prods}" 意味着对集合变量 prods 进行遍历，循环变量是 prod 在循环体中可以通过表达式访问。

Thymeleaf 参考手册

本章为 Thymeleaf 语法参考，主要介绍如：循环、判断、模板布局、内置对象等。

• 声明
  修改 html 标签用于引入 thymeleaf 引擎，这样才可以在其他标签里使用 th: 语法。*

<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "http://www.thymeleaf.org/dtd/xhtml1-strict-thymeleaf-spring4-4.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

使用文本

语法	说明
{home.welcome}	使用国际化文本,国际化传参直接追加 (value…)
${user.name}	使用会话属性
@{} 表达式中使用超链接	<link rel=“stylesheet” type=“text/css” media=“all"href=”…/…/css/gtvg.css" th:href="@{/css/gtvg.css}" />
-	-
${}	表达式中基本对象
param	获取请求参数，比如 ${param.name}, http://localhost:8080?name=jeff
session	获取 session 的属性
application	获取 application 的属性
execInfo	有两个属性 templateName 和 now (是 java 的 Calendar 对象)
ctx
vars
locale
httpServletRequest
httpSession
-	-
th	扩展标签
th:text	普通字符串
th:utext	转义文本
th:href	链接
th:attr 设置元素属性	<img src="…/…/images/gtvglogo.png"
th:with	定义常量
th:attrappend	追加属性
th:classappend	追加类样式
th:styleappend	追加样式

其他标签

语法	说明
th:abbr
th:accept
th:accept-charset
th:accesskey
th:action
th:align
th:alt
th:archive
th:audio
th:autocomplete
th:axis
th:background
th:bgcolor
th:border
th:cellpadding
th:cellspacing
th:challenge
th:charset
th:cite
th:class
th:classid
th:codebase
th:codetype
th:cols
th:colspan
th:compact
th:content
th:contenteditable
th:contextmenu
th:data
th:datetime
th:dir
th:draggable
th:dropzone
th:enctype
th:for
th:form
th:formaction
th:formenctype
th:formmethod
th:formtarget
th:frame
th:frameborder
th:headers
th:height
th:high
th:href
th:hreflang
th:hspace
th:http-equiv
th:icon
th:id
th:keytype
th:kind
th:label
th:lang
th:list
th:longdesc
th:low
th:manifest
th:marginheight
th:marginwidth
th:max
th:maxlength
th:media
th:method
th:min
th:name
th:optimum
th:pattern
th:placeholder
th:poster
th:preload
th:radiogroup
th:rel
th:rev
th:rows
th:rowspan
th:rules
th:sandbox
th:scheme
th:scope
th:scrolling
th:size
th:sizes
th:span
th:spellcheck
th:src
th:srclang
th:standby
th:start
th:step
th:style
th:summary
th:tabindex
th:target
th:title
th:type
th:usemap
th:value
th:valuetype
th:vspace
th:width
th:wrap
th:xmlbase
th:xmllang
th:xmlspace
th:alt-title
th:lang-xmllang

循环

<tr th:each="prod : ${prods}"><td th:text="${prod.name}">Onions</td><td th:text="${prod.price}">2.41</td><td th:text="${prod.inStock}? #{true} : #{false}">yes</td>
</tr><table> <tr><th>NAME</th><th>PRICE</th><th>IN STOCK</th></tr><tr th:each="prod,iterStat : ${prods}" th:class="${iterStat.odd}? 'odd'"><td th:text="${prod.name}">Onions</td><td th:text="${prod.price}">2.41</td><td th:text="${prod.inStock}? #{true} : #{false}">yes</td></tr>
</table>

迭代器的状态：

• index: 当前的索引，从0开始
• count: 当前的索引，从1开始
• size：总数
• current:
• even/odd:
• first
• last

判断

if

<a href="comments.html" th:href="@{/product/comments(prodId=${prod.id})}" th:if="${not #lists.isEmpty(prod.comments)}">view</a>
#unless
<a href="comments.html" th:href="@{/comments(prodId=${prod.id})}" th:unless="${#lists.isEmpty(prod.comments)}">view</a>

switch

<div th:switch="${user.role}"><p th:case="'admin'">User is an administrator</p> <p th:case="#{roles.manager}">User is a manager</p>
</div><div th:switch="${user.role}"><p th:case="'admin'">User is an administrator</p> <p th:case="#{roles.manager}">User is a manager</p> <p th:case="*">User is some other thing</p>
</div>

th:block

<table><th:block th:each="user : ${users}"><tr><td th:text="${user.login}">...</td> <td th:text="${user.name}">...</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" th:text="${user.address}">...</td> </tr></th:block>
</table>

推荐下面写法（编译前看不见）

<table><tr><td th:text="${user.login}">...</td><td th:text="${user.name}">...</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" th:text="${user.address}">...</td></tr><!--/*/ </th:block> /*/-->
</table>

th:inline

th:inline 用法

th:inline 可以等于 text , javascript(dart) , none

text: [[…]]

<p th:inline="text">Hello, [[#{test}]]</p>

javascript: /[[…]]/

<script th:inline="javascript">var username = /*[[#{test}]]*/;var name = /*[[${param.name[0]}+${execInfo.templateName}+'-'+${#dates.createNow()}+'-'+${#locale}]]*/;
</script>

<script th:inline="javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/var username = [[#{test}]];var name = [[${param.name[0]}+${execInfo.templateName}+'-'+${#dates.createNow()}+'-'+${#locale}]];/*]]>*/</script>

adding code: /* [+…+]*/

var x = 23;
/*[+
var msg = 'Hello, ' + [[${session.user.name}]]; +]*/
var f = function() {...

removind code: /[- / and /* -]*/

var x = 23;
/*[- */
var msg = 'This is a non-working template'; /* -]*/
var f = function() {...

Thymeleaf 表达式语法

Message 表达式

{…}

<p th:utext="#{home.welcome(${session.user.name})}"> Welcome to our grocery store, Sebastian Pepper!</p>
<p th:utext="#{${welcomeMsgKey}(${session.user.name})}"> Welcome to our grocery store, Sebastian Pepper!</p>

变量表达式

${}

ongl 标准语法，方法也可以被调用

选择变量表达式

*{}

<div th:object="${session.user}"><p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p><p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text={nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div> 等价于<div><p>Name: <span th:text="${session.user.firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="${session.user.lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="${session.user.nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>当然了，这两者可以混合使用
还有一种方式<div><p>Name: <span th:text="*{session.user.name}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{session.user.surname}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{session.user.nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>

链接 URL 表达式

@{}

href="details.html"th:href="@{http://localhost:8080/gtvg/order/details(orderId=${o.id})}">view</a> <!-- Will produce '/gtvg/order/details?orderId=3' (plus rewriting) --><a href="details.html" th:href="@{/order/details(orderId=${o.id})}">view</a><!-- Will produce '/gtvg/order/3/details' (plus rewriting) --><a href="details.html" th:href="@{/order/{orderId}/details(orderId=${o.id})}">view</a>

变量

分类	实例
文本	one text，Another one!，…
数字	0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
真假	true , false
文字符号	one , sometext , main ,…

算数运算

分类	实例
+, -, *, /, %	二元运算符
-	减号（一元运算符）

真假运算

分类	实例
and , or	二元运算符
! , not	否定（一元运算符）

比较运算

分类	实例
>, <, >=, <= (gt, lt, ge, le)	比较
== , != ( eq , ne )	平等

条件运算

分类	实例
if-then	(if) ? (then)
if-then-else	(if) ? (then) : (else)
Default	(value) ?: (defaultvalue)

Thymeleaf 内置对象

dates

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Dates
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Format date with the standard locale format
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#dates.format(date)}
${#dates.arrayFormat(datesArray)}
${#dates.listFormat(datesList)}
${#dates.setFormat(datesSet)}
/*
* Format date with the ISO8601 format
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#dates.formatISO(date)}
${#dates.arrayFormatISO(datesArray)}
${#dates.listFormatISO(datesList)}
${#dates.setFormatISO(datesSet)}
/*
* Format date with the specified pattern
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#dates.format(date, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.arrayFormat(datesArray, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.listFormat(datesList, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.setFormat(datesSet, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
/*
* Obtain date properties
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#dates.day(date)} // also arrayDay(...), listDay(...), etc.
${#dates.month(date)} // also arrayMonth(...), listMonth(...), etc.
${#dates.monthName(date)} // also arrayMonthName(...), listMonthName(...), etc.
${#dates.monthNameShort(date)} // also arrayMonthNameShort(...), listMonthNameShort(...), etc.
${#dates.year(date)} // also arrayYear(...), listYear(...), etc.
${#dates.dayOfWeek(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeek(...), listDayOfWeek(...), etc.
${#dates.dayOfWeekName(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeekName(...), listDayOfWeekName(...), etc.
${#dates.dayOfWeekNameShort(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeekNameShort(...), listDayOfWeekNameShort(...), etc.
${#dates.hour(date)} // also arrayHour(...), listHour(...), etc.
${#dates.minute(date)} // also arrayMinute(...), listMinute(...), etc.
${#dates.second(date)} // also arraySecond(...), listSecond(...), etc.
${#dates.millisecond(date)} // also arrayMillisecond(...), listMillisecond(...), etc.
/*
* Create date (java.util.Date) objects from its components
*/
${#dates.create(year,month,day)}
${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute)}
${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second)}
${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second)}
${#dates.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second,millisecond)}
/*
* Create a date (java.util.Date) object for the current date and time
*/
${#dates.createNow()}
/*
* Create a date (java.util.Date) object for the current date (time set to 00:00)
*/
${#dates.createToday()}

Calendars

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Calendars
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Format calendar with the standard locale format
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#calendars.format(cal)}
${#calendars.arrayFormat(calArray)}
${#calendars.listFormat(calList)}
${#calendars.setFormat(calSet)}
/*
* Format calendar with the ISO8601 format
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#calendars.formatISO(cal)}
${#calendars.arrayFormatISO(calArray)}
${#calendars.listFormatISO(calList)}
${#calendars.setFormatISO(calSet)}
/*
* Format calendar with the specified pattern
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#calendars.format(cal, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#calendars.arrayFormat(calArray, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#calendars.listFormat(calList, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#calendars.setFormat(calSet, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
/*
* Obtain calendar properties
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#calendars.day(date)} // also arrayDay(...), listDay(...), etc.
${#calendars.month(date)} // also arrayMonth(...), listMonth(...), etc.
${#calendars.monthName(date)} // also arrayMonthName(...), listMonthName(...), etc.
${#calendars.monthNameShort(date)} // also arrayMonthNameShort(...), listMonthNameShort(...), etc.
${#calendars.year(date)} // also arrayYear(...), listYear(...), etc.
${#calendars.dayOfWeek(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeek(...), listDayOfWeek(...), etc.
${#calendars.dayOfWeekName(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeekName(...), listDayOfWeekName(...), etc.
${#calendars.dayOfWeekNameShort(date)} // also arrayDayOfWeekNameShort(...), listDayOfWeekNameShort(...), etc.
${#calendars.hour(date)} // also arrayHour(...), listHour(...), etc.
${#calendars.hour(date)} // also arrayHour(...), listHour(...), etc.
${#calendars.minute(date)} // also arrayMinute(...), listMinute(...), etc.
${#calendars.second(date)} // also arraySecond(...), listSecond(...), etc.
${#calendars.millisecond(date)} // also arrayMillisecond(...), listMillisecond(...), etc.
/*
* Create calendar (java.util.Calendar) objects from its components
*/
${#calendars.create(year,month,day)}
${#calendars.create(year,month,day,hour,minute)}
${#calendars.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second)}
${#calendars.create(year,month,day,hour,minute,second,millisecond)}
/*
* Create a calendar (java.util.Calendar) object for the current date and time
*/
${#calendars.createNow()}
/*
* Create a calendar (java.util.Calendar) object for the current date (time set to 00:00)
*/
${#calendars.createToday()}

numbers

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Numbers
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* ==========================
* Formatting integer numbers
* ==========================
*/
/*
* Set minimum integer digits.
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#numbers.formatInteger(num,3)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatInteger(numArray,3)}
${#numbers.listFormatInteger(numList,3)}
${#numbers.setFormatInteger(numSet,3)}
/*
* Set minimum integer digits and thousands separator:
* 'POINT', 'COMMA', 'WHITESPACE', 'NONE' or 'DEFAULT' (by locale).
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#numbers.formatInteger(num,3,'POINT')}
${#numbers.arrayFormatInteger(numArray,3,'POINT')}
${#numbers.listFormatInteger(numList,3,'POINT')}
${#numbers.setFormatInteger(numSet,3,'POINT')}
/*
* ==========================
* Formatting decimal numbers
* ==========================
*/
/*
* Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits.
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,2)}
${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,2)}
${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,2)}
${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,2)}
/*
* Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits, and also decimal separator.
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,2,'COMMA')}
/*
* Set minimum integer digits and (exact) decimal digits, and also thousands and
* decimal separator.
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#numbers.formatDecimal(num,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.arrayFormatDecimal(numArray,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.listFormatDecimal(numList,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}
${#numbers.setFormatDecimal(numSet,3,'POINT',2,'COMMA')}
/*
* ==========================
* Utility methods
* ==========================
*/
/*
* Create a sequence (array) of integer numbers going
* from x to y
*/
${#numbers.sequence(from,to)}
${#numbers.sequence(from,to,step)}

strings

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Strings
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Null-safe toString()
*/
${#strings.toString(obj)} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Check whether a String is empty (or null). Performs a trim() operation before check
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
* * Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#strings.isEmpty(name)}
${#strings.arrayIsEmpty(nameArr)}
${#strings.listIsEmpty(nameList)}
${#strings.setIsEmpty(nameSet)}
/*
* Perform an 'isEmpty()' check on a string and return it if false, defaulting to
* another specified string if true.
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#strings.defaultString(text,default)}
${#strings.arrayDefaultString(textArr,default)}
${#strings.listDefaultString(textList,default)}
${#strings.setDefaultString(textSet,default)}
/*
* Check whether a fragment is contained in a String
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#strings.contains(name,'ez')} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.containsIgnoreCase(name,'ez')} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Check whether a String starts or ends with a fragment
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#strings.startsWith(name,'Don')} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.endsWith(name,endingFragment)} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Substring-related operations
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#strings.indexOf(name,frag)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.substring(name,3,5)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.substringAfter(name,prefix)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.substringBefore(name,suffix)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.replace(name,'las','ler')} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Append and prepend
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#strings.prepend(str,prefix)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.append(str,suffix)} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Change case
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#strings.toUpperCase(name)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.toLowerCase(name)} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Split and join
*/
${#strings.arrayJoin(namesArray,',')}
${#strings.listJoin(namesList,',')}
${#strings.setJoin(namesSet,',')}
${#strings.arraySplit(namesStr,',')} // returns String[]
${#strings.listSplit(namesStr,',')} // returns List<String>
${#strings.setSplit(namesStr,',')} // returns Set<String>
/*
* Trim
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#strings.trim(str)} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Compute length
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#strings.length(str)} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Abbreviate text making it have a maximum size of n. If text is bigger, it
* will be clipped and finished in "..."
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#strings.abbreviate(str,10)} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Convert the first character to upper-case (and vice-versa)
*/
${#strings.capitalize(str)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.unCapitalize(str)} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Convert the first character of every word to upper-case
*/
${#strings.capitalizeWords(str)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.capitalizeWords(str,delimiters)} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Escape the string
*/
${#strings.escapeXml(str)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.escapeJava(str)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.escapeJavaScript(str)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.unescapeJava(str)} // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.unescapeJavaScript(str)} // also array*, list* and set*
/*
* Null-safe comparison and concatenation
*/
${#strings.equals(first, second)}
${#strings.equalsIgnoreCase(first, second)}
${#strings.concat(values...)}
${#strings.concatReplaceNulls(nullValue, values...)}
/*
* Random
*/
${#strings.randomAlphanumeric(count)}

objects

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Objects
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Return obj if it is not null, and default otherwise
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#objects.nullSafe(obj,default)}
${#objects.arrayNullSafe(objArray,default)}
${#objects.listNullSafe(objList,default)}
${#objects.setNullSafe(objSet,default)}

bools

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Bools
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Evaluate a condition in the same way that it would be evaluated in a th:if tag
* (see conditional evaluation chapter afterwards).
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#bools.isTrue(obj)}
${#bools.arrayIsTrue(objArray)}
${#bools.listIsTrue(objList)}
${#bools.setIsTrue(objSet)}
/*
* Evaluate with negation
* Also works with arrays, lists or sets
*/
${#bools.isFalse(cond)}
${#bools.arrayIsFalse(condArray)}
${#bools.listIsFalse(condList)}
${#bools.setIsFalse(condSet)}
/*
* Evaluate and apply AND operator
* Receive an array, a list or a set as parameter
*/
${#bools.arrayAnd(condArray)}
${#bools.listAnd(condList)}
${#bools.setAnd(condSet)}
/*
* Evaluate and apply OR operator
* Receive an array, a list or a set as parameter
*/
${#bools.arrayOr(condArray)}
${#bools.listOr(condList)}
${#bools.setOr(condSet)}

arrays

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Arrays
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Converts to array, trying to infer array component class.
* Note that if resulting array is empty, or if the elements
* of the target object are not all of the same class,
* this method will return Object[].
*/
${#arrays.toArray(object)}
/*
* Convert to arrays of the specified component class.
*/
${#arrays.toStringArray(object)}
${#arrays.toIntegerArray(object)}
${#arrays.toLongArray(object)}
${#arrays.toDoubleArray(object)}
${#arrays.toFloatArray(object)}
${#arrays.toBooleanArray(object)}
/*
* Compute length
*/
${#arrays.length(array)}
/*
* Check whether array is empty
*/
${#arrays.isEmpty(array)}
/*
* Check if element or elements are contained in array
*/
${#arrays.contains(array, element)}
${#arrays.containsAll(array, elements)}

lists

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Lists
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Converts to list
*/
${#lists.toList(object)}
/*
* Compute size
*/
${#lists.size(list)}
/*
* Check whether list is empty
*/
${#lists.isEmpty(list)}
/*
* Check if element or elements are contained in list
*/
${#lists.contains(list, element)}
${#lists.containsAll(list, elements)}
/*
* Sort a copy of the given list. The members of the list must implement
* comparable or you must define a comparator.
*/
${#lists.sort(list)}
${#lists.sort(list, comparator)}
##sets
/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Sets
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Converts to set
*/
${#sets.toSet(object)}
/*
* Compute size
*/
${#sets.size(set)}
/*
* Check whether set is empty
*/
${#sets.isEmpty(set)}
/*
* Check if element or elements are contained in set
*/
${#sets.contains(set, element)}
${#sets.containsAll(set, elements)}

maps

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Maps
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Compute size
*/
${#maps.size(map)}
/*
* Check whether map is empty
*/
${#maps.isEmpty(map)}
/*
* Check if key/s or value/s are contained in maps
*/
${#maps.containsKey(map, key)}
${#maps.containsAllKeys(map, keys)}
${#maps.containsValue(map, value)}
${#maps.containsAllValues(map, value)}
##aggregates
/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Aggregates
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Compute sum. Returns null if array or collection is empty
*/
${#aggregates.sum(array)}
${#aggregates.sum(collection)}
/*
* Compute average. Returns null if array or collection is empty
*/
${#aggregates.avg(array)}
${#aggregates.avg(collection)}

messages

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Messages
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Obtain externalized messages. Can receive a single key, a key plus arguments,
* or an array/list/set of keys (in which case it will return an array/list/set of
* externalized messages).
* If a message is not found, a default message (like '??msgKey??') is returned.
*/
${#messages.msg('msgKey')}
${#messages.msg('msgKey', param1)}
${#messages.msg('msgKey', param1, param2)}
${#messages.msg('msgKey', param1, param2, param3)}
${#messages.msgWithParams('msgKey', new Object[] {param1, param2, param3, param4})}
${#messages.arrayMsg(messageKeyArray)}
${#messages.listMsg(messageKeyList)}
${#messages.setMsg(messageKeySet)}
/*
* Obtain externalized messages or null. Null is returned instead of a default
* message if a message for the specified key is not found.
*/
${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey')}
${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey', param1)}
${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey', param1, param2)}
${#messages.msgOrNull('msgKey', param1, param2, param3)}
${#messages.msgOrNullWithParams('msgKey', new Object[] {param1, param2, param3, param4})}
${#messages.arrayMsgOrNull(messageKeyArray)}
${#messages.listMsgOrNull(messageKeyList)}
${#messages.setMsgOrNull(messageKeySet)}

ids

/*
* ======================================================================
* See javadoc API for class org.thymeleaf.expression.Ids
* ======================================================================
*/
/*
* Normally used in th:id attributes, for appending a counter to the id attribute value
* so that it remains unique even when involved in an iteration process.
*/
${#ids.seq('someId')}
/*
* Normally used in th:for attributes in <label> tags, so that these labels can refer to Ids
* generated by means if the #ids.seq(...) function.
*
* Depending on whether the <label> goes before or after the element with the #ids.seq(...)
* function, the "next" (label goes before "seq") or the "prev" function (label goes after
* "seq") function should be called.
*/
${#ids.next('someId')}
${#ids.prev('someId')}

Thymeleaf 模板布局

这节主要介绍模板的引入。及如何在不改变前端人员的 HTML 显示结果的情况下设计模板（通过属性配置动态时不显示的部分）。

模板模块导入

• 首先定义一个 /resources/templates/footer.html 文件：

<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "http://www.thymeleaf.org/dtd/xhtml1-strict-thymeleaf-4.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><body><div th:fragment="copy">&copy; 2018 Copyright by Lusifer.</div></body>
</html>

• 上面的代码定义了一个片段称为 copy，我们可以很容易地使用 th:include 或者 th:replace 属性包含在我们的主页上

<body>
...
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
</body>

• include 的表达式想当简洁。这里有三种写法：

  • templatename::domselector 或者 templatename::[domselector] 引入模板页面中的某个模块
  • templatename 引入模板页面
  • ::domselector 或者 this::domselector 引入自身模板的模块

• 上面所有的 templatename 和 domselector 的写法都支持表达式写法：

<div th:include="footer :: (${user.isAdmin}? #{footer.admin} : #{footer.normaluser})"></div>

不使用 th:fragment 来引用模块

<div id="copy-section">
&copy; 2018 Copyright by Lusifer.
</div>

我们可以用 CSS 的选择器写法来引入

<body>
...
<div th:include="footer :: #copy-section"></div>
</body>

th:include 和 th:replace 的区别

• th:include 和 th:replace 都可以引入模块，两者的区别在于：

  • th:include：引入子模块的 children，依然保留父模块的 tag
  • th:replace：引入子模块的所有，不保留父模块的 tag

• 举个例子

<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2018 Copyright by Lusifer.
</footer>

• 引入界面

<body>
...
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
</body>

• 显示结果

<body>
...
<div>
&copy; 2018 Copyright by Lusifer.
</div>
<footer>
&copy; 2018 Copyright by Lusifer.
</footer>
</body>

下一节整合MyBatis

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