java 使用sourceforge.pinyin4j查询汉字拼音

在我们的系统中，可能经常需要按首字母排序一些信息（比如淘宝商城的品牌列表字母序排列），那么我们就需要一个能够根据汉字查询对应的拼音，取出拼音的首字母即可。

我们使用sourceforge.pinyin4j开源包来完成我们的功能。

使用很简单：

提供的工具类是下面这个PinyinHelper.java help类，里面有所有开放的API，有几个方法是对应转换成不同的拼音系统，关于拼音系统大家可以查看 http://wenku.baidu.com/view/28dda445b307e87101f696f9.html

/*** This file is part of pinyin4j (http://sourceforge.net/projects/pinyin4j/) * and distributed under GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL).* * pinyin4j is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * pinyin4j is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with pinyin4j.*/package net.sourceforge.pinyin4j;import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinOutputFormat;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.exception.BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination;/*** A class provides several utility functions to convert Chinese characters* (both Simplified and Tranditional) into various Chinese Romanization* representations* * @author Li Min (xmlerlimin@gmail.com)*/
public class PinyinHelper
{/*** Get all unformmatted Hanyu Pinyin presentations of a single Chinese* character (both Simplified and Tranditional)* * <p>* For example, <br/> If the input is '间', the return will be an array with* two Hanyu Pinyin strings: <br/> "jian1" <br/> "jian4" <br/> <br/> If the* input is '李', the return will be an array with single Hanyu Pinyin* string: <br/> "li3"* * <p>* <b>Special Note</b>: If the return is "none0", that means the input* Chinese character exists in Unicode CJK talbe, however, it has no* pronounciation in Chinese* * @param ch*            the given Chinese character* * @return a String array contains all unformmatted Hanyu Pinyin*         presentations with tone numbers; null for non-Chinese character* */static public String[] toHanyuPinyinStringArray(char ch){return getUnformattedHanyuPinyinStringArray(ch);}/*** Get all Hanyu Pinyin presentations of a single Chinese character (both* Simplified and Tranditional)* * <p>* For example, <br/> If the input is '间', the return will be an array with* two Hanyu Pinyin strings: <br/> "jian1" <br/> "jian4" <br/> <br/> If the* input is '李', the return will be an array with single Hanyu Pinyin* string: <br/> "li3"* * <p>* <b>Special Note</b>: If the return is "none0", that means the input* Chinese character is in Unicode CJK talbe, however, it has no* pronounciation in Chinese* * @param ch*            the given Chinese character* @param outputFormat*            describes the desired format of returned Hanyu Pinyin String* * @return a String array contains all Hanyu Pinyin presentations with tone*         numbers; return null for non-Chinese character* * @throws BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination*             if certain combination of output formats happens* * @see HanyuPinyinOutputFormat* @see BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination* */static public String[] toHanyuPinyinStringArray(char ch,HanyuPinyinOutputFormat outputFormat)throws BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination{return getFormattedHanyuPinyinStringArray(ch, outputFormat);}/*** Return the formatted Hanyu Pinyin representations of the given Chinese* character (both in Simplified and Tranditional) in array format.* * @param ch*            the given Chinese character* @param outputFormat*            Describes the desired format of returned Hanyu Pinyin string* @return The formatted Hanyu Pinyin representations of the given codepoint*         in array format; null if no record is found in the hashtable.*/static private String[] getFormattedHanyuPinyinStringArray(char ch,HanyuPinyinOutputFormat outputFormat)throws BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination{String[] pinyinStrArray = getUnformattedHanyuPinyinStringArray(ch);if (null != pinyinStrArray){for (int i = 0; i < pinyinStrArray.length; i++){pinyinStrArray[i] = PinyinFormatter.formatHanyuPinyin(pinyinStrArray[i], outputFormat);}return pinyinStrArray;} elsereturn null;}/*** Delegate function* * @param ch*            the given Chinese character* @return unformatted Hanyu Pinyin strings; null if the record is not found*/private static String[] getUnformattedHanyuPinyinStringArray(char ch){return ChineseToPinyinResource.getInstance().getHanyuPinyinStringArray(ch);}/*** Get all unformmatted Tongyong Pinyin presentations of a single Chinese* character (both Simplified and Tranditional)* * @param ch*            the given Chinese character* * @return a String array contains all unformmatted Tongyong Pinyin*         presentations with tone numbers; null for non-Chinese character* * @see #toHanyuPinyinStringArray(char)* */static public String[] toTongyongPinyinStringArray(char ch){return convertToTargetPinyinStringArray(ch, PinyinRomanizationType.TONGYONG_PINYIN);}/*** Get all unformmatted Wade-Giles presentations of a single Chinese* character (both Simplified and Tranditional)* * @param ch*            the given Chinese character* * @return a String array contains all unformmatted Wade-Giles presentations*         with tone numbers; null for non-Chinese character* * @see #toHanyuPinyinStringArray(char)* */static public String[] toWadeGilesPinyinStringArray(char ch){return convertToTargetPinyinStringArray(ch, PinyinRomanizationType.WADEGILES_PINYIN);}/*** Get all unformmatted MPS2 (Mandarin Phonetic Symbols 2) presentations of* a single Chinese character (both Simplified and Tranditional)* * @param ch*            the given Chinese character* * @return a String array contains all unformmatted MPS2 (Mandarin Phonetic*         Symbols 2) presentations with tone numbers; null for non-Chinese*         character* * @see #toHanyuPinyinStringArray(char)* */static public String[] toMPS2PinyinStringArray(char ch){return convertToTargetPinyinStringArray(ch, PinyinRomanizationType.MPS2_PINYIN);}/*** Get all unformmatted Yale Pinyin presentations of a single Chinese* character (both Simplified and Tranditional)* * @param ch*            the given Chinese character* * @return a String array contains all unformmatted Yale Pinyin*         presentations with tone numbers; null for non-Chinese character* * @see #toHanyuPinyinStringArray(char)* */static public String[] toYalePinyinStringArray(char ch){return convertToTargetPinyinStringArray(ch, PinyinRomanizationType.YALE_PINYIN);}/*** @param ch*            the given Chinese character* @param targetPinyinSystem*            indicates target Chinese Romanization system should be*            converted to* @return string representations of target Chinese Romanization system*         corresponding to the given Chinese character in array format;*         null if error happens* * @see PinyinRomanizationType*/private static String[] convertToTargetPinyinStringArray(char ch,PinyinRomanizationType targetPinyinSystem){String[] hanyuPinyinStringArray = getUnformattedHanyuPinyinStringArray(ch);if (null != hanyuPinyinStringArray){String[] targetPinyinStringArray = new String[hanyuPinyinStringArray.length];for (int i = 0; i < hanyuPinyinStringArray.length; i++){targetPinyinStringArray[i] = PinyinRomanizationTranslator.convertRomanizationSystem(hanyuPinyinStringArray[i], PinyinRomanizationType.HANYU_PINYIN, targetPinyinSystem);}return targetPinyinStringArray;} elsereturn null;}/*** Get all unformmatted Gwoyeu Romatzyh presentations of a single Chinese* character (both Simplified and Tranditional)* * @param ch*            the given Chinese character* * @return a String array contains all unformmatted Gwoyeu Romatzyh*         presentations with tone numbers; null for non-Chinese character* * @see #toHanyuPinyinStringArray(char)* */static public String[] toGwoyeuRomatzyhStringArray(char ch){return convertToGwoyeuRomatzyhStringArray(ch);}/*** @param ch*            the given Chinese character* * @return Gwoyeu Romatzyh string representations corresponding to the given*         Chinese character in array format; null if error happens* * @see PinyinRomanizationType*/private static String[] convertToGwoyeuRomatzyhStringArray(char ch){String[] hanyuPinyinStringArray = getUnformattedHanyuPinyinStringArray(ch);if (null != hanyuPinyinStringArray){String[] targetPinyinStringArray = new String[hanyuPinyinStringArray.length];for (int i = 0; i < hanyuPinyinStringArray.length; i++){targetPinyinStringArray[i] = GwoyeuRomatzyhTranslator.convertHanyuPinyinToGwoyeuRomatzyh(hanyuPinyinStringArray[i]);}return targetPinyinStringArray;} elsereturn null;}/*** Get a string which all Chinese characters are replaced by corresponding* main (first) Hanyu Pinyin representation.* * <p>* <b>Special Note</b>: If the return contains "none0", that means that* Chinese character is in Unicode CJK talbe, however, it has not* pronounciation in Chinese. <b> This interface will be removed in next* release. </b>* * @param str*            A given string contains Chinese characters* @param outputFormat*            Describes the desired format of returned Hanyu Pinyin string* @param seperater*            The string is appended after a Chinese character (excluding*            the last Chinese character at the end of sentence). <b>Note!*            Seperater will not appear after a non-Chinese character</b>* @return a String identical to the original one but all recognizable*         Chinese characters are converted into main (first) Hanyu Pinyin*         representation* * @deprecated DO NOT use it again because the first retrived pinyin string*             may be a wrong pronouciation in a certain sentence context.*             <b> This interface will be removed in next release. </b>*/static public String toHanyuPinyinString(String str,HanyuPinyinOutputFormat outputFormat, String seperater)throws BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination{StringBuffer resultPinyinStrBuf = new StringBuffer();for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++){String mainPinyinStrOfChar = getFirstHanyuPinyinString(str.charAt(i), outputFormat);if (null != mainPinyinStrOfChar){resultPinyinStrBuf.append(mainPinyinStrOfChar);if (i != str.length() - 1){ // avoid appending at the endresultPinyinStrBuf.append(seperater);}} else{resultPinyinStrBuf.append(str.charAt(i));}}return resultPinyinStrBuf.toString();}/*** Get the first Hanyu Pinyin of a Chinese character <b> This function will* be removed in next release. </b>* * @param ch*            The given Unicode character* @param outputFormat*            Describes the desired format of returned Hanyu Pinyin string* @return Return the first Hanyu Pinyin of given Chinese character; return*         null if the input is not a Chinese character* * @deprecated DO NOT use it again because the first retrived pinyin string*             may be a wrong pronouciation in a certain sentence context.*             <b> This function will be removed in next release. </b>*/static private String getFirstHanyuPinyinString(char ch,HanyuPinyinOutputFormat outputFormat)throws BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination{String[] pinyinStrArray = getFormattedHanyuPinyinStringArray(ch, outputFormat);if ((null != pinyinStrArray) && (pinyinStrArray.length > 0)){return pinyinStrArray[0];} else{return null;}}// ! Hidden constructorprivate PinyinHelper(){}
}

拼音系统列表如下：

/*** This file is part of pinyin4j (http://sourceforge.net/projects/pinyin4j/) * and distributed under GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL).* * pinyin4j is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * pinyin4j is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with pinyin4j.*//*** */
package net.sourceforge.pinyin4j;/*** The class describes variable Chinese Pinyin Romanization System* * @author Li Min (xmlerlimin@gmail.com)* */
class PinyinRomanizationType
{/*** Hanyu Pinyin system*/static final PinyinRomanizationType HANYU_PINYIN = new PinyinRomanizationType("Hanyu");/*** Wade-Giles Pinyin system*/static final PinyinRomanizationType WADEGILES_PINYIN = new PinyinRomanizationType("Wade");/*** Mandarin Phonetic Symbols 2 (MPS2) Pinyin system*/static final PinyinRomanizationType MPS2_PINYIN = new PinyinRomanizationType("MPSII");/*** Yale Pinyin system*/static final PinyinRomanizationType YALE_PINYIN = new PinyinRomanizationType("Yale");/*** Tongyong Pinyin system*/static final PinyinRomanizationType TONGYONG_PINYIN = new PinyinRomanizationType("Tongyong");/*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh system*/static final PinyinRomanizationType GWOYEU_ROMATZYH = new PinyinRomanizationType("Gwoyeu");/*** Constructor*/protected PinyinRomanizationType(String tagName){setTagName(tagName);}/*** @return Returns the tagName.*/String getTagName(){return tagName;}/*** @param tagName*            The tagName to set.*/protected void setTagName(String tagName){this.tagName = tagName;}protected String tagName;
}

我们使用的API demo如下：

package demo;import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.PinyinHelper;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinCaseType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinOutputFormat;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinToneType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinVCharType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.exception.BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination;public class MyPinyinDemo {/*** @param args* @throws BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination */public static void main(String[] args) throws BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination {char chineseCharacter = "绿".charAt(0);HanyuPinyinOutputFormat outputFormat = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat();outputFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITH_TONE_NUMBER); // 输出的声调为数字：第一声为1，第二声为2，第三声为3，第四声为4 如：lu:4
//      outputFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE); // 输出拼音不带声调 如：lu:
//      outputFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITH_TONE_MARK); // 输出声调在拼音字母上 如：lǜoutputFormat.setVCharType(HanyuPinyinVCharType.WITH_U_AND_COLON); //ǜ的输出格式设置  'ü' 输出为 "u:"
//      outputFormat.setVCharType(HanyuPinyinVCharType.WITH_U_UNICODE); //ǜ的输出格式设置  'ü' 输出为 "ü" in Unicode form
//      outputFormat.setVCharType(HanyuPinyinVCharType.WITH_V); //ǜ的输出格式设置  'ü' 输出为 "v"outputFormat.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.UPPERCASE); //输出拼音为大写
//      outputFormat.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.LOWERCASE); //输出拼音为小写String[] pinyinArray = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray(chineseCharacter, outputFormat); //汉字拼音for(String str: pinyinArray){ //多音字输出，会返回多音字的格式System.out.println(str);}String pinyinstr = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinString("绿色", outputFormat, "|");System.out.println(pinyinstr);//其他拼音系统的输出String[] GwoyeuRomatzyhStringArray = PinyinHelper.toGwoyeuRomatzyhStringArray(chineseCharacter);for(String str: GwoyeuRomatzyhStringArray){ //多音字输出，会返回多音字的格式System.out.println(str);}String[] MPS2PinyinStringArray = PinyinHelper.toMPS2PinyinStringArray(chineseCharacter);for(String str: MPS2PinyinStringArray){ //多音字输出，会返回多音字的格式System.out.println(str);}String[] TongyongPinyinStringArray = PinyinHelper.toTongyongPinyinStringArray(chineseCharacter);for(String str: TongyongPinyinStringArray){ //多音字输出，会返回多音字的格式System.out.println(str);}String[] WadeGilesPinyinStringArray = PinyinHelper.toWadeGilesPinyinStringArray(chineseCharacter);for(String str: WadeGilesPinyinStringArray){ //多音字输出，会返回多音字的格式System.out.println(str);}String[] YalePinyinStringArray = PinyinHelper.toYalePinyinStringArray(chineseCharacter);for(String str: YalePinyinStringArray){ //多音字输出，会返回多音字的格式System.out.println(str);}}}

输出：

LU:4
LU4
LU:4|SE4
liuh
luh
liu4
lu4
lyu4
lu4
lu:4
lu4
lyu4
lu4

这个拼音包里还自带了一个demo， Pinyin4jAppletDemo.java

至于实现，其实很简单，就是有一个词典，汉字跟拼音的对应关系文件词典，unicode_to_hanyu_pinyin.txt是汉字的unicode字符对应的拼音对应表，pinyin_mapping.xml是汉语拼音系统跟其他系统的对照表，pinyin_Gwoyeu_mapping.xml是汉语系统跟Gwoyeu拼音系统的对照列表。格式参考如下，其实整理完这些之后就很容易实现了。

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<pinyin_mapping><item><Hanyu>a</Hanyu><Wade>a</Wade><MPSII>a</MPSII><Yale>a</Yale><Tongyong>a</Tongyong></item><item><Hanyu>ai</Hanyu><Wade>ai</Wade><MPSII>ai</MPSII><Yale>ai</Yale><Tongyong>ai</Tongyong></item>

<pinyin_gwoyeu_mapping><item><Hanyu>a</Hanyu><Gwoyeu_I>a</Gwoyeu_I><Gwoyeu_II>ar</Gwoyeu_II><Gwoyeu_III>aa</Gwoyeu_III><Gwoyeu_IV>ah</Gwoyeu_IV><Gwoyeu_V>.a</Gwoyeu_V></item><item><Hanyu>ai</Hanyu><Gwoyeu_I>ai</Gwoyeu_I><Gwoyeu_II>air</Gwoyeu_II><Gwoyeu_III>ae</Gwoyeu_III><Gwoyeu_IV>ay</Gwoyeu_IV><Gwoyeu_V>.ai</Gwoyeu_V></item>

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