英语学习详细笔记（十九）介系词

介系词的功能

1，当形容词：修饰名词

Look at the sentences on the blackboard.

2，当副词：时间，地点，条件，原因，方法

Write the sentences on the blackboard.

表示时间的介系词

1，at/on/in 在...

①at+时刻、年龄、正午、半夜，*at the age of five，at noon/night

②on+特定的日期，星期...，月...日

③in+年、月、周、季节、早上、下午、晚上

I‘ll see her in the afternoon.

I'll see her on Sunday afternoon.

We went to the zoo in July.

We went to the zoo on July 3.

They arrived in the morning.

They arrived on the morning of October 10.

She is at the age of 11.

My English class begins (at eight o'clock)/(in spring).

*时间名词前加last, next, this, that时，不可再搭配介系词

He's going to leave next week.

I've met him this morning. morning(n), this morning(副)

2，before/by，(在...之前)

Please arrive by (not later than<=)/ before (earlier than<) 10 o'clock. arrive in/at+地

3，in(经过...之后)/within(在...之内)，in表经过的时间，within表在时间期限之内

I'll be back in a few days.我过几天回来

He'll come back within an hour.他一小时内会回来

4，for(持续)/druing(在...期间)，for表示动作或状态持续的时间长度，during表在某段时间当中

They will stay for a few days.他们会停留几天

I'll take him to that place during his stay.在他停留期间我会带他去那个地方

5，from介(从...) / since(介+n) / (连+s+v过去式)(从...)

①from表示动作开始的时间点，常用于现在式，过去式，未来式

②since表示动作从过去某时间开始，持续到现在，常用于现在完成式

He works from Monday to Friday.

I have been busy since yesterday.我从昨天就很忙

表示地点的介系词

*介+(the+地)/所有格

1，at/in，at表示确切的地点，in表示大范围的地点

The train stopped at XX station.

This book is published in Paris.

*in + 都市名、国名，on+街名，at+门牌号

He lives in XX/ on xx road/ at 75 xx road.

2，on, above, over(在...上), under, below(在...下)

①on表示一样东西只接触表面，另一样东西的部分表面

②above表示不接触而高于某表面，亦可用over

③over表示接触到某表面的全部

④under为over的相反词，below为above的相反词

There is a book on the desk.

Look at the picture on the wall.

There are several files on the ceiling.

She held an umbrella over/above her daughter's head.

He spread a cloth over the table.

The basketball is under the chair.

There is usually a supermarket below a department store.

3，between/among(在...之间)，between在两者之间，among在三者或以上之间

Mr.White sat between his wife and daughter.

She failed to find his little brother among the crowd.

4，near(在...附近), by(在...旁边), beside(在...旁边), around(在...四周)

*by表前后、左右的位置关系，beside表左右的位置关系

There is a good restaurant near my house.

He was sitting by the window.

Nobody wanted to sit beside Nancy.

There are many students around the tree.

5，in front(反义behind) of 外部的前面，in the front of (内部的前面)在...之前

*in back of, in the back of(在...之后)

There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.

There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

He stood behind his master.

*behind(在...之后)表时间、地点，before(在...之前)表时间

A car has stopped (before the stone错误)/ in front of the stone.

6，along沿着，across穿越，through通过

Let's take a walk along the river.

He went across the street.

Over train is running through a tunnel.

7，from从...，to到...(目的地)，for前往...，toward朝着(方向)

She went to/toward the station.

They've left for England.离开前往

We started from XX.

8，into向...里面，out of在...之外

Mary hurried into her room.

I jumped out of the bed.

重要的介系词

1，in

①在...(地)，Tom lived in New York.

②在...(时)，I have never seen snow in my life.

③在...(时)之后，She will get well in a week or so(大约).

④用...(语言、材料)，Sign your name in English.

⑤在...(状态中)，I am always in good health.

⑥穿戴着，I don't like the man in the red tie.

*be active in 很积极，对...

2，on

①在...上面，Don't sit on the floor.

②在...(时)，I was born on October 3.

③在...(状态中)，The house is on fire.

④关于，Miss.Wang read a book on/about animals.

⑤依靠...(方法、手段)，Chinese live on rice.

3，at

①在...(地)，I met him at the corner of the street.

②在...(时)，Our school begins at 8:20.

③对准...(目标)，The boy threw the bone at the dog.

④听到，看到(表原因)，I was surprised at the new.

⑤以...(速度、温度、价格)，I sold my car at a high price.

4，for

①...之久(表时间)，I've been here for three hours.

②以...而言，The girl is tall for her age.

③给...(人)，The present is for you.

④前往，I took the train for XX.

⑤由于，为了(表原因)，The town is famous for its old castle.

*famous for+特色/as+身份

5，to

①到...(地)，All roads lead to Rome.

②到...(时)，We stayed there to the end of May.

③对...(表动作的对象)，Listen to me.

④为了...表目的，To your health.

6，with

①和...一起，Mix the sugar with the eggs.

②用...工具，He cut down the tree with an ax.

③附有...，I saw a house with a red roof.

④关于，What's the matter with you.

⑤在...身上/手上，I have little money with me.

⑥随着，Languages grow and change with time.

7，of

①...的，The door of the room is open.

②...当中的，She is one of the members.

③以...构成，She is wearing a dress of silk.

*The desk is made of(+物理变化) wood.

*Wine is made from(+化学变化) grapes.

④...之量的，I drank a cup of coffee at breakfast.

8，by

①在...旁边，The house is by the roadside.

②被...(表行为者)，She was bitten by d dog.

③用...(方法、手段)，I made money by selling fruit.

④不晚于...(表期限)，I have to be home by ten o'clock.

⑤乘坐...(交通)，We to to school by bus/on a bus.

⑥以...为基准，What time is it by your watch?

⑦只差...(表差异或程度)，He is older than i by two years.