Python tkinter库Canvas操作(附涂鸦、颜色表、围棋盘三个实例)

tkinter库Canvas操作三个实例

实例一：涂鸦

import tkinter as tk
import pyautogui as ag
from time import sleepdef paint(event):x1, y1 = (event.x - 1), (event.y - 1)x2, y2 = (event.x + 1), (event.y + 1)tCanvas.create_oval(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill = "black")def moveRect(w,h):ag.moveRel(w,0, duration=w/1000)  # moveRel移动  # dragRel拖曳ag.moveRel(0,h, duration=h/1000)ag.moveRel(-w,0, duration=w/1000)ag.moveRel(0,-h, duration=h/1000)sleep(0.5)win = tk.Tk()W,H = 640,480
X,Y = win.maxsize() #获取屏幕分辨率 或者用： X,Y = ag.size()
winPos = f'{W}x{H}+{(X-W)//2}+{(Y-H)//2}'
win.geometry(winPos)
win.resizable(False, False)
win.title('桌面分辨率：'+str(X)+"x"+str(Y))
win.update()tCanvas = tk.Canvas(win, width = win.winfo_width(), height = 400, bg = 'white')
tCanvas.pack(side = "top")tCanvas.bind("<B1-Motion>", paint)
tCanvas.update()
tk.Label(win, text = "画布作图").pack(side = "bottom")
x0,y0 = 150,60
w,h = 350,160
x , y = win.winfo_rootx()+x0, win.winfo_rooty()+y0
ag.moveTo(x, y, duration=0.5)moveRect(w,h)
#画直线
tCanvas.create_line(x0, y0, x0+w, y0)
tCanvas.create_line(x0+w, y0, x0+w, y0+h)
#可以把左上和右下两个坐标点一起赋值给变量
coord = x0+w, y0+h, x0, y0+h
tCanvas.create_line(coord)
coord = x0, y0+h, x0, y0
tCanvas.create_line(coord, fill = 'blue')
tCanvas.update()moveRect(w-h/3,h)
#画矩形
coord = x0+1,y0+1,x0+w-1-h/3,y0+h-1
tCanvas.create_rectangle(coord,fill='limegreen')
tCanvas.update()moveRect(h,h)
#画圆或椭圆
coord = x0,y0,x0+h,y0+h
tCanvas.create_oval(coord,fill='deepskyblue')
tCanvas.update()
x0=x0+h/2
ag.moveRel(h/2,0)
moveRect(w-h/2,h)
coord = x0,y0,x0+w-h/2,y0+h
tCanvas.create_oval(coord,fill='deeppink')
tCanvas.update()#画扇形、弓形或一段弧
#type = PIESLICE 扇形、CHORD 弓形、ARC 弧形
sleep(1)
coord = 100, 100, 300, 300
tCanvas.create_arc(coord,start=0,extent=180,fill='gold')
tCanvas.update()
sleep(1)
coord = 240, 60, 490, 310
#颜色也可用6位16进制数的GRB值表示
tCanvas.create_arc(coord,style=tk.CHORD,start=10,fill='#7CFC00')
tCanvas.update()
sleep(1)
coord = 180, 10, 470, 300
tCanvas.create_arc(coord,style=tk.ARC,width=3,dash=6,extent=-180)
#参数有很多，可以上网搜相关参数表win.mainloop()

运行效果图：

注：程序运行时，按下鼠标左键就可以在画布上作图，上图 python 字样就是本人所画 ^_^

还有其它作图函数：

# 多边形、三角形
tCanvas.create_polygon((10,100,10,180,100,180),fill='blue')# 文字
tCanvas.create_text((150,50),text=u'输出文字',anchor=E)# 位图
bmap={1:'error',2:'info',3:'question',4:'hourglass'}
for i in bmap:tCanvas.create_bitmap((20*i,20),bitmap=bmap[i])# 调入图片
img=PhotoImage(file='D:/pictures/exam.gif')
tCanvas.create_image((200,200),image=img)
tCanvas.pack()

实例二：颜色表

import tkinter as tkwin = tk.Tk()X,Y = win.maxsize() #获取屏幕分辨率
W,H = 1200,800
winPos = f'{W}x{H}+{(X-W)//2}+{(Y-H)//2}'
win.geometry(winPos)
win.resizable(False, False)
winTitle = f'桌面分辨率：{X}x{Y}{" "*6}窗口大小：{W}x{H}'
win.title(winTitle)
win.update()colorTuple=(
('black',                '#000000'),
('navy',                 '#000080'),
('darkblue',             '#00008B'),
('mediumblue',           '#0000CD'),
('blue',                 '#0000FF'),
('darkgreen',            '#006400'),
('green',                '#008000'),
('teal',                 '#008080'),
('darkcyan',             '#008B8B'),
('deepskyblue',          '#00BFFF'),
('darkturquoise',        '#00CED1'),
('mediumspringgreen',    '#00FA9A'),
('lime',                 '#00FF00'),
('springgreen',          '#00FF7F'),
('aqua',                 '#00FFFF'),
('cyan',                 '#00FFFF'),
('midnightblue',         '#191970'),
('dodgerblue',           '#1E90FF'),
('lightseagreen',        '#20B2AA'),
('forestgreen',          '#228B22'),
('seagreen',             '#2E8B57'),
('darkslategray',        '#2F4F4F'),
('limegreen',            '#32CD32'),
('mediumseagreen',       '#3CB371'),
('turquoise',            '#40E0D0'),
('royalblue',            '#4169E1'),
('steelblue',            '#4682B4'),
('darkslateblue',        '#483D8B'),
('mediumturquoise',      '#48D1CC'),
('indigo',               '#4B0082'),
('darkolivegreen',       '#556B2F'),
('cadetblue',            '#5F9EA0'),
('cornflowerblue',       '#6495ED'),
('mediumaquamarine',     '#66CDAA'),
('dimgray',              '#696969'),
('slateblue',            '#6A5ACD'),
('olivedrab',            '#6B8E23'),
('slategray',            '#708090'),
('lightslategray',       '#778899'),
('mediumslateblue',      '#7B68EE'),
('lawngreen',            '#7CFC00'),
('chartreuse',           '#7FFF00'),
('aquamarine',           '#7FFFD4'),
('maroon',               '#800000'),
('purple',               '#800080'),
('olive',                '#808000'),
('gray',                 '#808080'),
('skyblue',              '#87CEEB'),
('lightskyblue',         '#87CEFA'),
('blueviolet',           '#8A2BE2'),
('darkred',              '#8B0000'),
('darkmagenta',          '#8B008B'),
('saddlebrown',          '#8B4513'),
('darkseagreen',         '#8FBC8F'),
('lightgreen',           '#90EE90'),
('mediumpurple',         '#9370DB'),
('darkviolet',           '#9400D3'),
('palegreen',            '#98FB98'),
('darkorchid',           '#9932CC'),
('yellowgreen',          '#9ACD32'),
('sienna',               '#A0522D'),
('brown',                '#A52A2A'),
('darkgray',             '#A9A9A9'),
('lightblue',            '#ADD8E6'),
('greenyellow',          '#ADFF2F'),
('paleturquoise',        '#AFEEEE'),
('lightsteelblue',       '#B0C4DE'),
('powderblue',           '#B0E0E6'),
('firebrick',            '#B22222'),
('darkgoldenrod',        '#B8860B'),
('mediumorchid',         '#BA55D3'),
('rosybrown',            '#BC8F8F'),
('darkkhaki',            '#BDB76B'),
('silver',               '#C0C0C0'),
('mediumvioletred',      '#C71585'),
('indianred',            '#CD5C5C'),
('peru',                 '#CD853F'),
('chocolate',            '#D2691E'),
('tan',                  '#D2B48C'),
('lightgray',            '#D3D3D3'),
('thistle',              '#D8BFD8'),
('orchid',               '#DA70D6'),
('goldenrod',            '#DAA520'),
('palevioletred',        '#DB7093'),
('crimson',              '#DC143C'),
('gainsboro',            '#DCDCDC'),
('plum',                 '#DDA0DD'),
('burlywood',            '#DEB887'),
('lightcyan',            '#E0FFFF'),
('lavender',             '#E6E6FA'),
('darksalmon',           '#E9967A'),
('violet',               '#EE82EE'),
('palegoldenrod',        '#EEE8AA'),
('lightcoral',           '#F08080'),
('khaki',                '#F0E68C'),
('aliceblue',            '#F0F8FF'),
('honeydew',             '#F0FFF0'),
('azure',                '#F0FFFF'),
('wheat',                '#F5DEB3'),
('beige',                '#F5F5DC'),
('whitesmoke',           '#F5F5F5'),
('mintcream',            '#F5FFFA'),
('ghostwhite',           '#F8F8FF'),
('salmon',               '#FA8072'),
('sandybrown',           '#FAA460'),
('antiquewhite',         '#FAEBD7'),
('linen',                '#FAF0E6'),
('lightgoldenrodyellow', '#FAFAD2'),
('oldlace',              '#FDF5E6'),
('red',                  '#FF0000'),
('fuchsia',              '#FF00FF'),
('magenta',              '#FF00FF'),
('deeppink',             '#FF1493'),
('orangered',            '#FF4500'),
('tomato',               '#FF6347'),
('hotpink',              '#FF69B4'),
('coral',                '#FF7F50'),
('darkorange',           '#FF8C00'),
('lightsalmon',          '#FFA07A'),
('orange',               '#FFA500'),
('lightpink',            '#FFB6C1'),
('pink',                 '#FFC0CB'),
('gold',                 '#FFD700'),
('peachpuff',            '#FFDAB9'),
('navajowhite',          '#FFDEAD'),
('moccasin',             '#FFE4B5'),
('bisque',               '#FFE4C4'),
('mistyrose',            '#FFE4E1'),
('blanchedalmond',       '#FFEBCD'),
('papayawhip',           '#FFEFD5'),
('lavenderblush',        '#FFF0F5'),
('seashell',             '#FFF5EE'),
('cornsilk',             '#FFF8DC'),
('lemonchiffon',         '#FFFACD'),
('floralwhite',          '#FFFAF0'),
('snow',                 '#FFFAFA'),
('yellow',               '#FFFF00'),
('lightyellow',          '#FFFFE0'),
('ivory',                '#FFFFF0'),
('white',                '#FFFFFF'))tv = tk.Canvas(win, width = win.winfo_width(), height = win.winfo_height())
tv.pack(side = "top")i = 0
rows = 35
w, h = 40, 10
w1, h1, h2 = 100, 28, 22
for ct in colorTuple:j = (i//rows) * 300k = i * h2 - (i//rows) * h2 * rowsx,y = j + w, k + hcoord = x, y, j + w1, k + h1tv.create_rectangle(coord,fill=ct[1])tv.create_text((x+70,y+9),text=ct[1],anchor=tk.W,font=("宋体",9))tv.create_text((x+120,y+9),text=ct[0],anchor=tk.W,font=("宋体",9))i+=1tv.update()for i in colorTuple:print(i[0],'\t' if len(i[0])>14 else '\t\t' if len(i[0])>6 else '\t\t\t',i[1])

运行效果图：

这些颜色已经足够多了，但据说装了seaborn扩展的话xkcd_rgb包含的颜色数(有英文名称的)会有更多......

实例三：围棋盘

import tkinter as tkwin = tk.Tk()
X,Y = win.maxsize()
W,H = 800,800
winPos = f'{W}x{H}+{(X-W)//2}+{(Y-H)//2}'
winTitle = f'桌面分辨率：{X}x{Y}{" "*6}窗口大小：{W}x{H}'
win.geometry(winPos)
win.resizable(False, False)
win.title(winTitle)
win.update()tv = tk.Canvas(win, width = win.winfo_width(), height = win.winfo_height())
tv.pack(side = "top")for i in range(18):coord = 40, 40, 760, i*40 + 80tv.create_rectangle(coord)coord = 40, 40, i*40 + 80, 760tv.create_rectangle(coord)coord = 40, 40, 760, 760
tv.create_rectangle(coord,width=2)x = (160,160,160,400,400,400,640,640,640)
y = (160,400,640,160,400,640,160,400,640)for i in range(9):tv.create_oval(x[i]-2,y[i]-2,x[i]+2,y[i]+2,fill='black')tv.update()

运行效果图：

实例一中用到的 pyautogui，相关文章请见：

《Python GUI库pyautogui 0.9.52的下载、安装和使用》

附例二输出的颜色列表：

black            #000000
navy            #000080
darkblue        #00008B
mediumblue        #0000CD
blue            #0000FF
darkgreen        #006400
green            #008000
teal            #008080
darkcyan        #008B8B
deepskyblue        #00BFFF
darkturquoise        #00CED1
mediumspringgreen    #00FA9A
lime            #00FF00
springgreen        #00FF7F
aqua            #00FFFF
cyan            #00FFFF
midnightblue        #191970
dodgerblue        #1E90FF
lightseagreen        #20B2AA
forestgreen        #228B22
seagreen        #2E8B57
darkslategray        #2F4F4F
limegreen        #32CD32
mediumseagreen        #3CB371
turquoise        #40E0D0
royalblue        #4169E1
steelblue        #4682B4
darkslateblue        #483D8B
mediumturquoise    #48D1CC
indigo            #4B0082
darkolivegreen        #556B2F
cadetblue        #5F9EA0
cornflowerblue        #6495ED
mediumaquamarine    #66CDAA
dimgray        #696969
slateblue        #6A5ACD
olivedrab        #6B8E23
slategray        #708090
lightslategray        #778899
mediumslateblue    #7B68EE
lawngreen        #7CFC00
chartreuse        #7FFF00
aquamarine        #7FFFD4
maroon            #800000
purple            #800080
olive            #808000
gray            #808080
skyblue        #87CEEB
lightskyblue        #87CEFA
blueviolet        #8A2BE2
darkred        #8B0000
darkmagenta        #8B008B
saddlebrown        #8B4513
darkseagreen        #8FBC8F
lightgreen        #90EE90
mediumpurple        #9370DB
darkviolet        #9400D3
palegreen        #98FB98
darkorchid        #9932CC
yellowgreen        #9ACD32
sienna            #A0522D
brown            #A52A2A
darkgray        #A9A9A9
lightblue        #ADD8E6
greenyellow        #ADFF2F
paleturquoise        #AFEEEE
lightsteelblue        #B0C4DE
powderblue        #B0E0E6
firebrick        #B22222
darkgoldenrod        #B8860B
mediumorchid        #BA55D3
rosybrown        #BC8F8F
darkkhaki        #BDB76B
silver            #C0C0C0
mediumvioletred    #C71585
indianred        #CD5C5C
peru            #CD853F
chocolate        #D2691E
tan            #D2B48C
lightgray        #D3D3D3
thistle        #D8BFD8
orchid            #DA70D6
goldenrod        #DAA520
palevioletred        #DB7093
crimson        #DC143C
gainsboro        #DCDCDC
plum            #DDA0DD
burlywood        #DEB887
lightcyan        #E0FFFF
lavender        #E6E6FA
darksalmon        #E9967A
violet            #EE82EE
palegoldenrod        #EEE8AA
lightcoral        #F08080
khaki            #F0E68C
aliceblue        #F0F8FF
honeydew        #F0FFF0
azure            #F0FFFF
wheat            #F5DEB3
beige            #F5F5DC
whitesmoke        #F5F5F5
mintcream        #F5FFFA
ghostwhite        #F8F8FF
salmon            #FA8072
sandybrown        #FAA460
antiquewhite        #FAEBD7
linen            #FAF0E6
lightgoldenrodyellow    #FAFAD2
oldlace        #FDF5E6
red            #FF0000
fuchsia        #FF00FF
magenta        #FF00FF
deeppink        #FF1493
orangered        #FF4500
tomato            #FF6347
hotpink        #FF69B4
coral            #FF7F50
darkorange        #FF8C00
lightsalmon        #FFA07A
orange            #FFA500
lightpink        #FFB6C1
pink            #FFC0CB
gold            #FFD700
peachpuff        #FFDAB9
navajowhite        #FFDEAD
moccasin        #FFE4B5
bisque            #FFE4C4
mistyrose        #FFE4E1
blanchedalmond        #FFEBCD
papayawhip        #FFEFD5
lavenderblush        #FFF0F5
seashell        #FFF5EE
cornsilk        #FFF8DC
lemonchiffon        #FFFACD
floralwhite        #FFFAF0
snow            #FFFAFA
yellow            #FFFF00
lightyellow        #FFFFE0
ivory            #FFFFF0
white            #FFFFFF