import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib import cm
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn import datasets, linear_model,discriminant_analysisdef load_data():# 使用 scikit-learn 自带的 iris 数据集iris=datasets.load_iris()X_train=iris.datay_train=iris.targetreturn train_test_split(X_train, y_train,test_size=0.25,random_state=0,stratify=y_train)#线性判断分析LinearDiscriminantAnalysis
def test_LinearDiscriminantAnalysis(*data):X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test=datalda = discriminant_analysis.LinearDiscriminantAnalysis()lda.fit(X_train, y_train)print('Coefficients:%s, intercept %s'%(lda.coef_,lda.intercept_))print('Score: %.2f' % lda.score(X_test, y_test))# 产生用于分类的数据集
X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test=load_data()
# 调用 test_LinearDiscriminantAnalysis
test_LinearDiscriminantAnalysis(X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test)

def plot_LDA(converted_X,y):'''绘制经过 LDA 转换后的数据:param converted_X: 经过 LDA转换后的样本集:param y: 样本集的标记'''fig=plt.figure()ax=Axes3D(fig)colors='rgb'markers='o*s'for target,color,marker in zip([0,1,2],colors,markers):pos=(y==target).ravel()X=converted_X[pos,:]ax.scatter(X[:,0], X[:,1], X[:,2],color=color,marker=marker,label="Label %d"%target)ax.legend(loc="best")fig.suptitle("Iris After LDA")plt.show()def run_plot_LDA():'''执行 plot_LDA 。其中数据集来自于 load_data() 函数'''X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test=load_data()X=np.vstack((X_train,X_test))Y=np.vstack((y_train.reshape(y_train.size,1),y_test.reshape(y_test.size,1)))lda = discriminant_analysis.LinearDiscriminantAnalysis()lda.fit(X, Y)converted_X=np.dot(X,np.transpose(lda.coef_))+lda.intercept_plot_LDA(converted_X,Y)# 调用 run_plot_LDA
run_plot_LDA()

def test_LinearDiscriminantAnalysis_solver(*data):'''测试 LinearDiscriminantAnalysis 的预测性能随 solver 参数的影响'''X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test=datasolvers=['svd','lsqr','eigen']for solver in solvers:if(solver=='svd'):lda = discriminant_analysis.LinearDiscriminantAnalysis(solver=solver)else:lda = discriminant_analysis.LinearDiscriminantAnalysis(solver=solver,shrinkage=None)lda.fit(X_train, y_train)print('Score at solver=%s: %.2f' %(solver, lda.score(X_test, y_test)))# 调用 test_LinearDiscriminantAnalysis_solver
test_LinearDiscriminantAnalysis_solver(X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test)

def test_LinearDiscriminantAnalysis_shrinkage(*data):'''测试  LinearDiscriminantAnalysis 的预测性能随 shrinkage 参数的影响'''X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test=datashrinkages=np.linspace(0.0,1.0,num=20)scores=[]for shrinkage in shrinkages:lda = discriminant_analysis.LinearDiscriminantAnalysis(solver='lsqr',shrinkage=shrinkage)lda.fit(X_train, y_train)scores.append(lda.score(X_test, y_test))## 绘图fig=plt.figure()ax=fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)ax.plot(shrinkages,scores)ax.set_xlabel(r"shrinkage")ax.set_ylabel(r"score")ax.set_ylim(0,1.05)ax.set_title("LinearDiscriminantAnalysis")plt.show()
# 调用 test_LinearDiscr
test_LinearDiscriminantAnalysis_shrinkage(X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test)