本系列文章主要讲解 MEM/MBA 英语基础，系列文章总纲链接为：MEM/MBA英语基础

本章节思维导图如下所示（思维导图会持续迭代）：

1 句子分类说明

按句子结构可分三种:

简单句
并列句
复合句

1.1 简单句（常见的5种类型）

I cried. 主+谓.
I love you. 主+谓+宾.
I give you a kiss. 主+谓+间宾+直宾.
You make me happy. 主+谓+宾+宾补.
You are my angel. 主+系+表.

1.2 并列句（简单句+并列连词+简单句）

并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接⽽成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。比如：

You help him and he helps you.
You help him, and he helps you.

并列句的分类有以下几类：

1.2.1 表示连接两个同等概念

说明：常⽤的有and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...,then等连接。比如：

The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
Drinking of tea not only can make myself happy but also can improve my memory. Neither the boy nor the girl knows where to go.

1.2.2 表示选择

说明：常⽤的连词有or, either...or...等。比如：

Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.
Either you or I am going there tomorrow.

1.2.3 表示转折

说明：常⽤的连词有but, yet, while等。比如：

He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他个⼦子不高，戴着⼀副厚的眼镜，但他有⼀种奇特的⽅法使他的课⽣动有趣。
Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 有些⼈很费粮食，然⽽有些人却吃不饱。
The son was having a good meal at home, while the parents were working in the fields. ⼉子在家吃好饭⽽⽗母却在⽥里辛勤劳作。

1.2.4 表示因果关系

说明：常⽤的连词有so, for等。比如：

August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. ⼋月是⼀年中⽔水稻丰收的季节，所以我每天从早到晚工作。
I don't want to go shopping, for it is rainning now. 我不想去逛街,因为在下雨.

1.3 复合句

说明：含有⼀个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句句、状语从句)

句型：主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句

The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
When they were at the Great Wall, the foreign visitors took a lot of pictures.

复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，⽽另⼀个主谓结构则是句句⼦的次要部分，即从句部分。

I live in a beautiful city where I was born. 我出⽣在⼀个美丽的城市。
The first instructive experience took place while I was crossing the street. 我经历的第一件获益的事发⽣在过街的时候。

2 句子成分

2.1 主语(subject)

说明：句子的中⼼词，说明的⼈或事物。比如：

The sun rises in the east (名词)
I like chatting online. (代词)
Chatting on the Internet is interesting. (动名词)To see is to believe.(不定式)
What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)

2.2 谓语(predicate)

说明：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的⾏行行为或状态，常⽤动词或者动词组担任，放在主语的后⾯。比如：

We study English.
We can call Internets addicts.
The first step is always the hardest.
A poor man is not necessarily unhappy.

2.3 表语(predicative)

说明：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词)
You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep. (形容词)
The picture is on the wall.（介词短语）
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句句)

2.4 宾语

说明：

@1 动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。

I like China. (名词)
He hates you. (代词)
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句句)

@2 介宾--介词后的名词、代词和动名词

Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.

@3 双宾语--间宾(指⼈)和直宾(指物)

He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.

2.5 宾补

说明：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜足语。

We elected him monitor. (名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)
We will make them happy. (形容词)
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)
Don’t let him do that. (省to不不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)

2.6 定语

说明：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
He is our friend.(代词)
We belong to the third world.(数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)

2.7 状语

说明：⽤来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、⽬的、结果、程度、条件、⽅式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)

I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.

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MEM/MBA英语基础（02）句子成分基础

1 句子分类说明

1.1 简单句（常见的5种类型）

1.2 并列句（简单句+并列连词+简单句）

1.2.1 表示连接两个同等概念

1.2.2 表示选择

1.2.3 表示转折

1.2.4 表示因果关系

1.3 复合句

2 句子成分

2.1 主语(subject)

2.2 谓语(predicate)

2.3 表语(predicative)

2.4 宾语

2.5 宾补

2.6 定语

2.7 状语

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MEM/MBA英语基础（02） 句子成分基础

1 句子分类说明

1.1 简单句（常见的5种类型）

1.2 并列句（简单句+并列连词+简单句）

1.2.1 表示连接两个同等概念

1.2.2 表示选择

1.2.3 表示转折

1.2.4 表示因果关系

1.3 复合句

2 句子成分

2.1 主语(subject)

2.2 谓语(predicate)

2.3 表语(predicative)

2.4 宾语

2.5 宾补

2.6 定语

2.7 状语

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