unity 实现简易打飞碟游戏

一、简介

游戏共有5个回合，每个回合中会有随机产生的飞碟飞过屏幕，玩家需要做的事情就是用鼠标尽量快和多地点击飞碟。
每个飞碟对应一定的分数，目前的设置是：
【红色飞碟 3分】、【绿色飞碟 2分】、【蓝色飞碟 1分】
游戏的目的是在规定回合内得到尽可能高的分数。

二、实现效果

三、代码框架

基本延用了上一个游戏中的框架，包括动作与动作管理器、场景控制器和用户GUI，更新的部分包括：

动作由移动船只、移动角色变成了移动飞碟
将主控制器的功能分散到几个控制器上，包括分数控制器、飞碟产生器
增加了场景单实例的代码

四、具体实现

（一）Actions动作与动作管理器

1. SSAction 动作基类

public class SSAction : ScriptableObject
{public bool enable = true;public bool destroy = false;public GameObject gameObject { get; set;}public Transform transform {get; set;}public IActionCallback callback {get; set;}protected SSAction() {}// Start is called before the first frame updatepublic virtual void Start(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}// Update is called once per framepublic virtual void Update(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}
}

2. CCFlyAction 飞碟动作类

飞碟的运动有简单的两个属性：水平方向速度和垂直方向速度。
飞碟从飞碟工厂出来的时候被定位在相机视角边缘，随着运动进入相机视角，在被玩家点击或者飞出相机视角（即玩家不能再看到它时）时，飞碟和动作一起被销毁。

//飞碟从界面左右两侧飞入，离开界面时运动结束
public class CCFlyAction : SSAction
{public float speedX;public float speedY;public static CCFlyAction GetSSAction(float x, float y) {CCFlyAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCFlyAction>();action.speedX = x;action.speedY = y;return action;}// Start is called before the first frame updatepublic override void Start(){}// Update is called once per framepublic override void Update(){//Debug.Log("flyaction update");if (this.transform.gameObject.activeSelf == false) {//飞碟已经被"销毁"this.destroy = true;this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);return;}Vector3 vec3 = Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint (this.transform.position);if (vec3.x < -100 || vec3.x > Camera.main.pixelWidth + 100 || vec3.y < -100 || vec3.y > Camera.main.pixelHeight + 100) {this.destroy = true;this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);return;}transform.position += new Vector3(speedX, speedY, 0) * Time.deltaTime * 2;}
}

3. IActionCallback 事件回调接口

public enum SSActionEventType:int {Started, Completed}
public interface IActionCallback
{//回调函数void SSActionEvent(SSAction source,SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Completed,int intParam = 0,string strParam = null,Object objectParam = null);
}

4. SSActionManager 动作管理类基类

新增了一个函数RemainActionCount()，用于判断每回合中剩余的动作数量（即飞碟数量），只有这个值为0才进入下一回合。

public class SSActionManager : MonoBehaviour
{private Dictionary<int, SSAction> actions = new Dictionary<int, SSAction>();private List<SSAction> waitingAdd = new List<SSAction>();private List<int> waitingDelete = new List<int>(); // Start is called before the first frame updateprotected void Start(){}// Update is called once per frameprotected void Update(){//Debug.Log("ssactionmanager update");foreach (SSAction ac in waitingAdd) {actions[ac.GetInstanceID()] = ac;}waitingAdd.Clear();//Debug.Log(actions.Count);foreach(KeyValuePair<int, SSAction> kv in actions) {SSAction ac = kv.Value;if (ac.destroy) {waitingDelete.Add(ac.GetInstanceID());} else if (ac.enable) {//Debug.Log("ssactionmanager update");ac.Update();}}foreach(int key in waitingDelete) {SSAction ac = actions[key];actions.Remove(key);Destroy(ac);}waitingDelete.Clear();}public void RunAction(GameObject gameObject, SSAction action, IActionCallback manager) {//Debug.Log("run action");action.gameObject = gameObject;action.transform = gameObject.transform;action.callback = manager;waitingAdd.Add(action);action.Start();}public int RemainActionCount() {return actions.Count;}
}

5. CCActionManager 动作管理类

动作结束时会调用动作管理者实现的回调函数，即IActionCallback接口中的SSActionEventType，动作管理者将动作绑定的游戏对象（飞碟）销毁。

public class CCActionManager : SSActionManager, IActionCallback
{public RoundController sceneController;public CCFlyAction action;// Start is called before the first frame updateprotected new void Start(){sceneController = (RoundController)SSDirector.getInstance().currentSceneController;sceneController.actionManager = this;}// Update is called once per frame// protected new void Update()// {// }public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source,SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Completed,int intParam = 0,string strParam = null,Object objectParam = null) {factory.FreeDisk(source.transform.gameObject);}public void MoveDisk(GameObject disk) {action = CCFlyAction.GetSSAction(disk.GetComponent<DiskAttributes>().speedX, disk.GetComponent<DiskAttributes>().speedY);RunAction(disk, action, this);}
}

（二）Controllers 控制器

1. DiskFactory 飞碟生成器

用于生产飞碟。

GetDisk(int round)被主控制器调用，round（回合数）会影响所生产的飞碟的速度、大小等属性。
有两个列表used和free，存放的是飞碟属性（包括分数、速度），可以循环使用，提高飞碟的产生效率。

飞碟初始位置随机，可能为屏幕的四个角落之一。
根据飞碟的分数和回合数设置飞碟的大小和速度。

public class MyException : System.Exception
{public MyException() { }public MyException(string message) : base(message) { }
}
public class DiskAttributes : MonoBehaviour
{//public GameObject gameobj;public int score;public float speedX;public float speedY;
}
public class DiskFactory : MonoBehaviour
{List<GameObject> used;List<GameObject> free;System.Random rand;// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){used = new List<GameObject>();free = new List<GameObject>();rand = new System.Random();//Disk disk = GetDisk(1); }public GameObject GetDisk(int round) {GameObject disk;if (free.Count != 0) {disk = free[0];free.Remove(disk);}else {disk = GameObject.Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/disk", typeof(GameObject))) as GameObject;disk.AddComponent<DiskAttributes>();}//根据不同round设置diskAttributes的值//随意的旋转角度disk.transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(-rand.Next(20,40),0,0);DiskAttributes attri = disk.GetComponent<DiskAttributes>();attri.score = rand.Next(1,4);//由分数来决定速度、颜色、大小attri.speedX = (rand.Next(1,5) + attri.score + round) * 0.2f;attri.speedY = (rand.Next(1,5) + attri.score + round) * 0.2f;if (attri.score == 3) {disk.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = Color.red;disk.transform.localScale += new Vector3(-0.5f,0,-0.5f);}else if (attri.score == 2) {disk.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = Color.green;disk.transform.localScale += new Vector3(-0.2f,0,-0.2f);}else if (attri.score == 1) {disk.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = Color.blue;}//飞碟可从四个方向飞入（左上、左下、右上、右下）int direction = rand.Next(1,5);if (direction == 1) {disk.transform.Translate(Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(new Vector3(0, Camera.main.pixelHeight * 1.5f, 8)));attri.speedY *= -1;}else if (direction == 2) {disk.transform.Translate(Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(new Vector3(0, Camera.main.pixelHeight * 0f, 8)));}else if (direction == 3) {disk.transform.Translate(Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(new Vector3(Camera.main.pixelWidth, Camera.main.pixelHeight * 1.5f, 8)));attri.speedX *= -1;attri.speedY *= -1;}else if (direction == 4) {disk.transform.Translate(Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(new Vector3(Camera.main.pixelWidth, Camera.main.pixelHeight * 0f, 8)));attri.speedX *= -1;}used.Add(disk);disk.SetActive(true);Debug.Log("generate disk");return disk;}public void FreeDisk(GameObject disk) {disk.SetActive(false);//将位置和大小恢复到预制，这点很重要！disk.transform.position = new Vector3(0, 0,0);disk.transform.localScale = new Vector3(2f,0.1f,2f);if (!used.Contains(disk)) {throw new MyException("Try to remove a item from a list which doesn't contain it.");}Debug.Log("free disk");used.Remove(disk);free.Add(disk);}
}

2. Singleton 单实例代码

用于单实例化飞碟工厂

public class Singleton<T> : MonoBehaviour where T : MonoBehaviour
{protected static T instance;public static T Instance {  get {  if (instance == null) { instance = (T)FindObjectOfType (typeof(T));  if (instance == null) {  Debug.LogError ("An instance of " + typeof(T) +" is needed in the scene, but there is none.");  }  }  return instance;  }  }
}

可以这样使用：

DiskFactory factory = Singleton<DiskFactory>.Instance;

3. ISceneController 场景控制器接口

其中包含的方法必须被主控制器实现。

public interface ISceneController
{void LoadSource();
}

4. SSDirector 导演类

public class SSDirector : System.Object
{private static SSDirector _instance;public ISceneController currentSceneController {get; set;}public static SSDirector getInstance() {if (_instance == null) {_instance = new SSDirector();}return _instance;}
}

5. ScoreController 计分器

初始化时将自身设置为主控制器的分数控制器。

public class ScoreController : MonoBehaviour
{int score;public RoundController roundController;public UserGUI userGUI;// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){roundController = (RoundController)SSDirector.getInstance().currentSceneController;roundController.scoreController = this;userGUI = this.gameObject.GetComponent<UserGUI>();}public void Record(GameObject disk) {score += disk.GetComponent<DiskAttributes>().score;userGUI.score = score;}}

6. RoundController 主控制器

连接用户与游戏，分别需要实现场景控制器的接口和用户操作的接口。
Update的主要工作：在每个回合中从工厂获取飞碟，为飞碟绑定动作，令其开始运动。

public class RoundController : MonoBehaviour, ISceneController, IUserAction
{int round = 0;int max_round = 5;float timer = 0.5f;GameObject disk;DiskFactory factory ;public CCActionManager actionManager;public ScoreController scoreController;public UserGUI userGUI;// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){if (userGUI.mode == 0) return;GetHit();gameOver();if (round > max_round) {return;}timer -= Time.deltaTime;if (timer <= 0 && actionManager.RemainActionCount() == 0) {//从工厂中得到10个飞碟，为其加上动作for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {disk = factory.GetDisk(round);actionManager.MoveDisk(disk);//Thread.Sleep(100);}round += 1;if (round <= max_round) {userGUI.round = round;}timer = 4.0f;}}void Awake() {SSDirector director = SSDirector.getInstance();director.currentSceneController = this;director.currentSceneController.LoadSource();gameObject.AddComponent<UserGUI>();gameObject.AddComponent<CCActionManager>();gameObject.AddComponent<ScoreController>();gameObject.AddComponent<DiskFactory>();factory = Singleton<DiskFactory>.Instance;userGUI = gameObject.GetComponent<UserGUI>();}public void LoadSource() {}public void gameOver() {if (round > max_round && actionManager.RemainActionCount() == 0)userGUI.gameMessage = "Game Over!";}public void GetHit() {if (Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1")) {Camera ca = Camera.main;Ray ray = ca.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);//Return the ray's hitRaycastHit hit;if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit)) {scoreController.Record(hit.transform.gameObject);hit.transform.gameObject.SetActive(false);}}}
}

（三）Viewers 用户接口与用户GUI

1. IUserAction 用户接口

public interface IUserAction {void gameOver();void GetHit();
}

2. UserGUI 用户界面

public class UserGUI : MonoBehaviour
{public int mode;public int score;public int round;public string gameMessage;private IUserAction action;public GUIStyle bigStyle, blackStyle, smallStyle;//自定义字体格式public Font pixelFont;private int menu_width = Screen.width / 5, menu_height = Screen.width / 10;//主菜单每一个按键的宽度和高度// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){mode = 0;gameMessage = "";action = SSDirector.getInstance().currentSceneController as IUserAction;//pixelStyle//pixelFont = Font.Instantiate(Resources.Load("Fonts/ThaleahFat", typeof(Font))) as Font;//if (pixelFont == null) Debug.Log("null");//pixelFont.fontSize = 50;//pixelFont = Arial;//大字体初始化bigStyle = new GUIStyle();bigStyle.normal.textColor = Color.white;bigStyle.normal.background = null;bigStyle.fontSize = 50;bigStyle.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleCenter;//blackblackStyle = new GUIStyle();blackStyle.normal.textColor = Color.black;blackStyle.normal.background = null;blackStyle.fontSize = 50;blackStyle.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleCenter;//小字体初始化smallStyle = new GUIStyle();smallStyle.normal.textColor = Color.white;smallStyle.normal.background = null;smallStyle.fontSize = 20;smallStyle.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleCenter;}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){}void OnGUI() {//GUI.skin.button.font = pixelFont;GUI.skin.button.fontSize = 35;switch(mode) {case 0:mainMenu();break;case 1:GameStart();break;}       }void mainMenu() {GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - menu_width * 0.5f, Screen.height * 0.1f, menu_width, menu_height), "Hit UFO", bigStyle);bool button = GUI.Button(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - menu_width * 0.5f, Screen.height * 3 / 7, menu_width, menu_height), "Start");if (button) {mode = 1;}}void GameStart() {GUI.Label(new Rect(300, 60, 50, 200), gameMessage, bigStyle);GUI.Label(new Rect(0,0,100,50), "Score: " + score, smallStyle);GUI.Label(new Rect(560,0,100,50), "Round: " + round, smallStyle);}
}

五、项目地址

github地址

六、可改进的地方

寻找合适的飞碟或飞盘贴图，增加自旋效果
给飞碟加上更复杂的轨迹，比如上下左右起伏
增加击中飞碟时的画面效果，比如飞碟破碎或爆炸