Unity实现简易打飞碟改进版(Hit UFO)

前言

这是中山大学数据科学与计算机学院2019年3D游戏编程与设计的第六次作业
所有项目与代码已上传至github当中，欢迎大家访问。
github个人主页: https://starashzero.github.io
3D游戏编程与设计主页: https://starashzero.github.io/3DGameDesign
本次作业项目地址: https://github.com/StarashZero/3DGameDesign/tree/master/hw6

游戏简介

鼠标作为武器，打爆飞碟!

(比上一代多了两个按钮)

游戏玩法

点击飞出来的UFO(各种圆盘)即可得分。

游戏规则

正常模式共有五轮飞碟，飞碟数列遵循斐波那契数列，当所有飞碟发射完毕时游戏结束。
无限模式拥有无限轮数 (其实就是重复)
红色飞碟为1分，绿色飞碟为2分，蓝色飞碟为3分 (RGB!)
物理学模式下飞碟会互相碰撞，这不是一个bug，是一个feature!

游戏试玩

项目要求

在Hit UFO初版的基础上

按 adapter模式设计图修改飞碟游戏
使它同时支持物理运动与运动学（变换）运动

项目代码结构

在初版项目的基础上进行了进一步的封装，同时需要实现物理学运动，所以增加了几个文件。

UML图:

各部分代码解释

许多文件的代码都是没有变动或者变动较少的，新增或有修改我会指出。

Singleton.cs

public class Singleton<T> : MonoBehaviour where T: MonoBehaviour
{protected static T instance;public static T Instance{get{if (instance == null){instance = (T)FindObjectOfType(typeof(T));if (instance == null){Debug.LogError("An instance of " + typeof(T) + " is needed in the scene, but there is none");}}return instance;}}
}

场景单实例类，当所需的实例第一次被需要时，在场景内搜索该实例，下一次使用时不需要搜索直接返回。

DiskData.cs

public class DiskData : MonoBehaviour
{public float speed;         //水平速度public int points;          //得分public Vector3 direction;   //初始方向
}

飞碟数据，携带飞碟的飞行速度、得分、以及飞行方向。

DiskFactory.cs

public class DiskFactory : MonoBehaviour
{public GameObject disk_Prefab;              //飞碟预制private List<DiskData> used;                //正被使用的飞碟private List<DiskData> free;                //空闲的飞碟public void Start(){used = new List<DiskData>();free = new List<DiskData>();disk_Prefab = GameObject.Instantiate<GameObject>(Resources.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/Disk_Prefab"), Vector3.zero, Quaternion.identity);disk_Prefab.SetActive(false);}public GameObject GetDisk(int round){GameObject disk;//如果有空闲的飞碟，则直接使用，否则生成一个新的if (free.Count > 0){disk = free[0].gameObject;free.Remove(free[0]);}else{disk = GameObject.Instantiate<GameObject>(disk_Prefab, Vector3.zero, Quaternion.identity);disk.AddComponent<DiskData>();}//按照round来设置飞碟属性//飞碟的等级 = 0~2之间的随机数 * 轮次数//0~4:  红色飞碟  //4~7:  绿色飞碟  //7~10: 蓝色飞碟float level = UnityEngine.Random.Range(0, 2f) * (round + 1);if (level < 4){disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().points = 1;disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().speed = 4.0f;disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().direction = new Vector3(UnityEngine.Random.Range(-1f, 1f) > 0 ? 2 : -2, 1, 0);disk.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = Color.red;}else if (level > 7){disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().points = 3;disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().speed = 8.0f;disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().direction = new Vector3(UnityEngine.Random.Range(-1f, 1f) > 0 ? 2 : -2, 1, 0);disk.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = Color.blue;}else{disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().points = 2;disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().speed = 6.0f;disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().direction = new Vector3(UnityEngine.Random.Range(-1f, 1f) > 0 ? 2 : -2, 1, 0);disk.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = Color.green;}used.Add(disk.GetComponent<DiskData>());return disk;}public void FreeDisk(GameObject disk){//找到使用中的飞碟，将其踢出并加入到空闲队列foreach (DiskData diskData in used){if (diskData.gameObject.GetInstanceID() == disk.GetInstanceID()){disk.SetActive(false);free.Add(diskData);used.Remove(diskData);break;}}}
}

飞碟工厂，负责生产与释放飞碟。

GetDisk:
GetDisk用于生产飞碟，首先从free空闲队列中查找是否有可用的飞碟，如果没有则新建一个飞碟。
飞碟属性的设置依赖轮次数，将一个0~2之间的随机数乘以轮次数获得level，再根据level来设置属性。
这样就具有了轮次越多优质飞碟越多的特性，且前期不会产生高分飞碟。
FreeDisk:
FreeDisk用于释放飞碟，将飞碟从used队列中移除并添加到free队列中。

SSAction.cs

public class SSAction : ScriptableObject
{public bool enable = true;public bool destroy = false;public GameObject gameObject { get; set; }public Transform transform { get; set; }public ISSActionCallback callback { get; set; }protected SSAction(){}// Start is called before the first frame updatepublic virtual void Start(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}// Update is called once per framepublic virtual void Update(){throw new System.NotImplementedException();}
}

动作的基类，与之前的项目用途一致。

CCFlyAction.cs
CCFlyAction有一些少量修改。
因为CCFlyAction是运动学的飞行，因此生成CCFlyAction时会将对象的刚体设为运动学的。

public override void Start()
{gameObject.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().isKinematic = true;
}

完整代码

public class CCFlyAction : SSAction
{float gravity;          //重力加速度float speed;            //水平速度Vector3 direction;      //飞行方向float time;             //时间//生产函数(工厂模式)public static CCFlyAction GetSSAction(Vector3 direction, float speed){CCFlyAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCFlyAction>();action.gravity = 9.8f;action.time = 0;action.speed = speed;action.direction = direction;return action;}public override void Start(){gameObject.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().isKinematic = true;}public override void Update(){time += Time.deltaTime;transform.Translate(Vector3.down * gravity * time * Time.deltaTime);transform.Translate(direction * speed * Time.deltaTime);//如果飞碟到达底部，则动作结束，进行回调if (this.transform.position.y < -6){this.destroy = true;this.enable = false;this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);}}
}

飞行动作，将飞行拆分成水平和垂直两个方向的运动，水平速度恒定，垂直方向施加重力加速度。
当飞碟到达底部时，动作结束，将进行回调。

ISSActionCallback

public enum SSActionEventType : int { Started, Competed }
public interface ISSActionCallback
{//回调函数void SSActionEvent(SSAction source,SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competed,int intParam = 0,string strParam = null,Object objectParam = null);
}

回调函数接口，与之前项目用途一致。

SSActionManager.cs

public class SSActionManager : MonoBehaviour
{//动作集，以字典形式存在private Dictionary<int, SSAction> actions = new Dictionary<int, SSAction>();//等待被加入的动作队列(动作即将开始)private List<SSAction> waitingAdd = new List<SSAction>();//等待被删除的动作队列(动作已完成)private List<int> waitingDelete = new List<int>();protected void Update(){//将waitingAdd中的动作保存foreach (SSAction ac in waitingAdd)actions[ac.GetInstanceID()] = ac;waitingAdd.Clear();//运行被保存的事件foreach (KeyValuePair<int, SSAction> kv in actions){SSAction ac = kv.Value;if (ac.destroy){waitingDelete.Add(ac.GetInstanceID());}else if (ac.enable){ac.Update();}}//销毁waitingDelete中的动作foreach (int key in waitingDelete){SSAction ac = actions[key];actions.Remove(key);Destroy(ac);}waitingDelete.Clear();}//准备运行一个动作，将动作初始化，并加入到waitingAddpublic void RunAction(GameObject gameObject, SSAction action, ISSActionCallback manager){action.gameObject = gameObject;action.transform = gameObject.transform;action.callback = manager;waitingAdd.Add(action);action.Start();}// Start is called before the first frame updateprotected void Start(){}}

动作管理者的基类，和之前项目用途一致。

CCActionManager.cs
现在CCActionManager需要实现IActionManager的接口了

public class CCActionManager : SSActionManager, ISSActionCallback, IActionManager
{//飞行动作CCFlyAction flyAction;//控制器FirstController controller;protected new void Start(){controller = (FirstController)SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentScenceController;}public void Fly(GameObject disk, float speed, Vector3 direction){flyAction = CCFlyAction.GetSSAction(direction, speed);RunAction(disk, flyAction, this);}//回调函数public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source,SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competed,int intParam = 0,string strParam = null,Object objectParam = null){//飞碟结束飞行后进行回收controller.FreeDisk(source.gameObject);}
}

飞行动作管理者，负责生成飞行动作，并接受飞行动作的回调信息，使飞碟被回收。

IUserAction.cs
IUserAction进行了少量修改
现在IUserAction提供了设置飞行模式的接口
```
void SetFlyMode(bool isPhysis);
```
完整代码
```
public interface IUserAction
{void SetFlyMode(bool isPhysis);void Hit(Vector3 position);void Restart();void SetMode(bool isInfinite);
}
```
用户动作接口，提供点击、重置、选择模式三个函数的接口。

SSDirector.cs

public class SSDirector : System.Object
{private static SSDirector _instance;public ISceneController CurrentScenceController { get; set; }public static SSDirector GetInstance(){if (_instance == null){_instance = new SSDirector();}return _instance;}
}

导演类，与之前项目用途一致。

ISceneController.cs
```
public interface ISceneController
{void LoadResources();
}
```
场景控制类接口，与之前项目用途一致。

FirstController
FirstController进行了大量修改
FirstController现在只负责与UserAction交互及少量功能函数了，其他功能下放置RoundController

public class FirstController : MonoBehaviour, ISceneController, IUserAction
{DiskFactory diskFactory;                         //飞碟工厂RoundController roundController;UserGUI userGUI;void Start(){SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentScenceController = this;gameObject.AddComponent<DiskFactory>();gameObject.AddComponent<CCActionManager>();gameObject.AddComponent<PhysisActionManager>();gameObject.AddComponent<RoundController>();gameObject.AddComponent<UserGUI>();LoadResources();}public void LoadResources(){diskFactory = Singleton<DiskFactory>.Instance;roundController = Singleton<RoundController>.Instance;userGUI = Singleton<UserGUI>.Instance;}public void Hit(Vector3 position){Camera ca = Camera.main;Ray ray = ca.ScreenPointToRay(position);RaycastHit[] hits;hits = Physics.RaycastAll(ray);for (int i = 0; i < hits.Length; i++){RaycastHit hit = hits[i];if (hit.collider.gameObject.GetComponent<DiskData>() != null){//将飞碟移至底端，触发飞行动作的回调hit.collider.gameObject.transform.position = new Vector3(0, -7, 0);//积分roundController.Record(hit.collider.gameObject.GetComponent<DiskData>());//更新GUI数据userGUI.SetPoints(roundController.GetPoints());}}}public void Restart(){userGUI.SetMessage("");userGUI.SetPoints(0);roundController.Reset();}public void SetMode(bool isInfinite){roundController.SetMode(isInfinite);}public void SetFlyMode(bool isPhysis){roundController.SetFlyMode(isPhysis);}public void FreeDisk(GameObject disk){diskFactory.FreeDisk(disk);}void Update(){}
}

场景控制器，负责游戏主要逻辑。

SendDisk:
SendDisk用于发射一个飞碟，首先从工厂获得一个飞碟，再为其设置初始位置和飞行动作。
Hit:
Hit用于处理用户的点击动作，将用户点击到的飞碟移除，并计算分数。
Restart:
Restart用于重置游戏。
Update:
Update用于发射飞碟与更新状态，飞碟每1s发射一次，每次做多5只，避免太过拥挤，当飞碟发射完毕后判断是否重置或者结束游戏。

UserGUI.cs
UserGUI进行了少量修改
添加了两个设置飞行模式的按钮

if (GUI.Button(new Rect(20, 200, 100, 40), "Kinematics"))
{userAction.SetFlyMode(false);
}
if (GUI.Button(new Rect(20, 250, 100, 40), "Physis"))
{userAction.SetFlyMode(true);
}

并且将UserGUI的成员设置成了私有(为了更好的封装)，现在需要通过函数来修改UserGUI的变量了

public void SetMessage(string gameMessage)
{this.gameMessage = gameMessage;
}public void SetPoints(int points)
{this.points = points;
}

完整代码

public class UserGUI : MonoBehaviour
{IUserAction userAction;string gameMessage;int points;public void SetMessage(string gameMessage){this.gameMessage = gameMessage;}public void SetPoints(int points){this.points = points;}void Start(){points = 0;gameMessage = "";userAction = SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentScenceController as IUserAction;}void OnGUI(){//小字体初始化GUIStyle style = new GUIStyle();style.normal.textColor = Color.white;style.fontSize = 30;//大字体初始化GUIStyle bigStyle = new GUIStyle();bigStyle.normal.textColor = Color.white;bigStyle.fontSize = 50;GUI.Label(new Rect(300, 30, 50, 200), "Hit UFO", bigStyle);GUI.Label(new Rect(20, 0, 100, 50), "Points: " + points, style);GUI.Label(new Rect(310, 100, 50, 200), gameMessage, style);if (GUI.Button(new Rect(20, 50, 100, 40), "Restart")){userAction.Restart();}if (GUI.Button(new Rect(20, 100, 100, 40), "Normal Mode")){userAction.SetMode(false);}if (GUI.Button(new Rect(20, 150, 100, 40), "Infinite Mode")){userAction.SetMode(true);}if (GUI.Button(new Rect(20, 200, 100, 40), "Kinematics")){userAction.SetFlyMode(false);}if (GUI.Button(new Rect(20, 250, 100, 40), "Physis")){userAction.SetFlyMode(true);}if (Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1")){userAction.Hit(Input.mousePosition);}}
}

界面类，构建UI并捕捉用户动作。

IActionManager
```
public interface IActionManager
{void Fly(GameObject disk, float speed, Vector3 direction);
}
```
动作管理类的接口，要求动作管理类的Adapter模式就是基于这个接口来实现，不过我认为在本次项目中并没有体现的很好，因为设计的两个动作管理类都是可以实现这个接口的功能的，因此感觉只起到了接口多态的作用。
不过拥有这个接口后，以后可以将非Fly类型的动作管理类通过Adapter模式转换成Fly类型的动作管理类。

PhysisFlyAction
PhysisFlyAction是新增的代码
PhysisFlyAction实现物体的物理学飞行
由于预制体已经添加了刚体属性，并且选择了Use Gravity，因此只需要为物体增加一个水平初速度即可。

public class PhysisFlyAction : SSAction
{float speed;            //水平速度Vector3 direction;      //飞行方向//生产函数(工厂模式)public static PhysisFlyAction GetSSAction(Vector3 direction, float speed){PhysisFlyAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<PhysisFlyAction>();action.speed = speed;action.direction = direction;return action;}public override void Start(){gameObject.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().isKinematic = false;//为物体增加水平初速度gameObject.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = speed * direction;}public override void Update(){//如果飞碟到达底部，则动作结束，进行回调if (this.transform.position.y < -6){this.destroy = true;this.enable = false;this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);}}
}

PhysisActionManager
PhysisActionManager是新增的代码。
虽然是新增的，但是代码几乎与CCActionManager一致，只是从管理CCFlyAction变为管理PhysisFlyAction

public class PhysisActionManager : SSActionManager, ISSActionCallback, IActionManager
{//飞行动作PhysisFlyAction flyAction;//控制器FirstController controller;protected new void Start(){controller = (FirstController)SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentScenceController;}public void Fly(GameObject disk, float speed, Vector3 direction){flyAction = PhysisFlyAction.GetSSAction(direction, speed);RunAction(disk, flyAction, this);}//回调函数public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source,SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competed,int intParam = 0,string strParam = null,Object objectParam = null){//飞碟结束飞行后进行回收controller.FreeDisk(source.gameObject);}
}

RoundController
RoundController承接了初版中FirstController每回合对飞碟的发送、计分等功能的代码
目的是减轻FirstController的负担并使代码结构更加清晰

public class RoundController : MonoBehaviour
{FirstController controller;IActionManager actionManager;                   //动作管理者DiskFactory diskFactory;                         //飞碟工厂ScoreRecorder scoreRecorder;UserGUI userGUI;int[] roundDisks;           //对应轮次的飞碟数量bool isInfinite;            //游戏当前模式int round;                  //游戏当前轮次int sendCnt;                //当前已发送的飞碟数量float sendTime;             //发送时间void Start(){controller = (FirstController)SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentScenceController;actionManager = Singleton<CCActionManager>.Instance;diskFactory = Singleton<DiskFactory>.Instance;scoreRecorder = new ScoreRecorder();userGUI = Singleton<UserGUI>.Instance;sendCnt = 0;round = 0;sendTime = 0;isInfinite = false;roundDisks = new int[] { 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 };}public void Reset(){sendCnt = 0;round = 0;sendTime = 0;scoreRecorder.Reset();}public void Record(DiskData disk){scoreRecorder.Record(disk);}public int GetPoints(){return scoreRecorder.GetPoints();}public void SetMode(bool isInfinite){this.isInfinite = isInfinite;}public void SetFlyMode(bool isPhysis){actionManager = isPhysis ? Singleton<PhysisActionManager>.Instance : Singleton<CCActionManager>.Instance as IActionManager;}public void SendDisk(){//从工厂生成一个飞碟GameObject disk = diskFactory.GetDisk(round);//设置飞碟的随机位置disk.transform.position = new Vector3(-disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().direction.x * 7, UnityEngine.Random.Range(0f, 8f), 0);disk.SetActive(true);//设置飞碟的飞行动作actionManager.Fly(disk, disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().speed, disk.GetComponent<DiskData>().direction);}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){sendTime += Time.deltaTime;//每隔1s发送一次飞碟if (sendTime > 1){sendTime = 0;//每次发送至多5个飞碟for (int i = 0; i < 5 && sendCnt < roundDisks[round]; i++){sendCnt++;SendDisk();}//判断是否需要重置轮次，不需要则输出游戏结束if (sendCnt == roundDisks[round] && round == roundDisks.Length - 1){if (isInfinite){round = 0;sendCnt = 0;userGUI.SetMessage("");}else{userGUI.SetMessage("Game Over!");}}//更新轮次if (sendCnt == roundDisks[round] && round < roundDisks.Length - 1){sendCnt = 0;round++;}}}
}

ScoreRecorder
ScoreRecorder是新增的代码
实现了对游戏计分的功能

public class ScoreRecorder
{int points;                 //游戏当前分数public ScoreRecorder(){points = 0;}public void Record(DiskData disk){points += disk.points;}public int GetPoints(){return points;}public void Reset(){points = 0;}
}