很抱歉,换电脑后,原文件找不到了。现在的文件已经被我改得面目全非了。所以只好从新浪博客拷贝过来,格式惨不忍睹,让我蛋疼。但我实在是懒得去调整,将就一下吧。

这次发图的另一种实现,基于十字链表的c++实现。

就像上一章说的,十字链表是综合了邻接表和逆邻接表的构成,所以,代码需要修改的地方并不是很多。重要的是,修改算法的实现以提高效率。

代码中有两种搜索顶点的实现方式。一种是最原始的,另一种是排序后使用2分搜索。数据量巨大的时候,使用后一种能节省大量的时间。

整个过程中有几个比较需要注意的地方:

1.析构函数中,顶点释放时,开始错误地先删邻接表,后删逆邻接表。程序运行完毕,调用到析构函数的时候崩掉,才反应过来其实邻接表跟逆邻接表都是指向同样地节点。删除一个,另一个只需要置NULL就行了。一定要记住置NULL,不然悬浮指针可能也会引起问题。

2.2分搜索算法的实现。以前对于递归的实现很不在意,没有考虑太多的内部实现。后来看书才知道,尾部递归是个很差的习惯。所谓“尾部递归”,即在递归函数的最后又调用了自己。每一次递归产生的一些局部变量,开辟的空间会在本轮递归后释放。而如果尾部有递归调用,则会延迟释放的时间,造成大量空间的浪费。仔细思考,在尾部递归调用语句后面,函数不需要再处理什么,而尾部递归所需要的只是一些参数。这样,用递归和循环的思想,可以修改递归的实现方式,消除掉尾部递归,甚至可以消除掉递归,完全使用循环实现。

比如,代码中原始的2分搜索实现代码为:

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>

int OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::binarySearchIndex(IN const vertexNameType vertexName, int beginPosition, int size){if ( size == 1) {if( m_vertexArray[beginPosition].vertexName == vertexName )return beginPosition;elsereturn -1; }if( vertexName == m_vertexArray[beginPosition + size/2 - 1].vertexName )return (beginPosition + size/2 - 1);else if( vertexName < m_vertexArray[beginPosition + size/2 - 1].vertexName )return binarySearchIndex(vertexName, beginPosition, size/2);elsereturn binarySearchIndex(vertexName, beginPosition + size/2, size - size/2 );

}

暂且不说这个效率比循环慢了很多,就复杂程度而言,也让人蛋疼。每一次分段的位置,必须要很仔细的检查,不然一不小心就会造成烦人的后果。

如果采用循环,消除掉递归,实现代码如下:

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>int OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::binarySearchIndex(IN const vertexNameType vertexName, int beginPosition, int size){int left = beginPosition;int right = size - 1;while(left <= right) {int middle = (left + right)/2;if (vertexName == m_vertexArray[middle].vertexName)return middle;if (vertexName > m_vertexArray[middle].vertexName)   left = middle + 1;else   right = middle - 1; }return -1;}

用循环实现,效率大概提升一倍。

3.指针。十字链表让人很烦躁的一个地方是弧头指针和弧尾指针很容易混淆。有时候一不注意,可能就会写反。尤其是插入边和删除边的时候,涉及到大量指针的做操,很容易出错。推荐先画个图,看着图写指针会清晰容易得多。

关于图的遍历,就留到后面,在讨论深度和广度遍历的时候再写出来。下一章写最短路径和dijkstra算法。

十字链表(OLGraph)代码如下:

#ifndef __GRAPH_H__#define __GRAPH_H__#include <vector>#include <iomanip>#define  IN#define OUT#define INOUTusing namespace std;namespace graphspace{ template <typename weight>struct Edge                      //弧 {int tailvex;                 //弧尾顶点位置  int headvex;                 //弧头顶点位置  Edge<weight> *hlink;         //弧头相同的弧链表  Edge<weight> *tlink;         //弧尾相同的弧链表  weight edgeWeight;           //弧权重  Edge(int a, int b, weight c, Edge<weight> *p = NULL, Edge<weight> *q = NULL)   :tailvex(a), headvex(b), edgeWeight(c), hlink(p), tlink(q)  {} }; template <typename vertexNameType, typename weight>struct Vertex                    //顶点 {  vertexNameType vertexName;   //顶点名  Edge<weight> *firstin;       //指向第一条入弧(即指向逆邻接表)  Edge<weight> *firstout;      //指向第一条出弧(即指向邻接表)  Vertex(vertexNameType x, Edge<weight> *p = NULL, Edge<weight> *q = NULL)   :vertexName(x), firstin(p), firstout(q)  {} }; template <typename vertexNameType, typename weight>class OLGraph {public:explicit OLGraph();  ~OLGraph();public://插入结点  bool insertAVertex(IN const vertexNameType vertexName);//插入边        bool insertAEdge(IN const vertexNameType vertexName1, IN const vertexNameType vertexName2, IN const weight edgeWeight);//边是否存在  bool edgeExist(IN const vertexNameType vertexName1, IN const vertexNameType vertexName2);//输出顶点的邻接表,即弧尾相同的链表  void vertexAdjEdges(IN const vertexNameType vertexName);//输出单个节点入度信息,弧头相同的链表(逆邻接表)  void vertexRAdjEdges(IN const vertexNameType vertexName);//删除边        bool removeAEdge(IN const vertexNameType vertexName1, IN const vertexNameType vertexName2, IN const weight edgeWeight);//获取边权        weight getEdgeWeight(IN const Edge<weight> *pEdge);//将顶点的所有邻接边的权值放入数组或者vector中        void getVertexEdgeWeight(IN const int v1, OUT vector<weight> &DistanceArray);

//获取最小权        weight getMinWeight(IN const vertexNameType vertexName1, IN const vertexNameType vertexName2);//获取顶点索引  int getVertexIndex(IN const vertexNameType vertexName);//获取顶点索引(2分搜索)  int binarySearchIndex(IN const vertexNameType vertexName, int beginPosition, int size);//获取顶点名        vertexNameType getData(IN int index);//获取顶点数        int getVertexNumber();//迪科斯彻算法,最短路径        int Dijkstra(IN const vertexNameType vertexName1);//输出迪科斯彻        void DijkstraPrint(IN int index, IN int sourceIndex, IN vector<int> vecPreVertex);//结点合并拆分如何处理?        friend ostream& operator<<(OUT ostream &out, IN const OLGraph<vertexNameType,weight> &graphInstance);public:  vector< Vertex<vertexNameType, weight> > m_vertexArray;

 };

#include "OLGraph_realize.h"}#endif

实现类头文件:

#ifndef __GRAPH_REALIZE__H_#define __GRAPH_REALIZE__H_#include <ctime>template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::OLGraph(){if( !m_vertexArray.empty() )  m_vertexArray.clear();}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::~OLGraph(){ vector< Vertex<vertexNameType, weight> >::iterator iter;for( iter = m_vertexArray.begin(); iter != m_vertexArray.end(); iter++ ) {//Error:删除两次节点//邻接表跟逆邻接表指向的是同样节点,删除其中之一即可,但是另一个指针一定不要忘记置NULL  Edge<weight> *p = iter->firstin;while( NULL != p )               //删除逆邻接表  {   iter->firstin = p->hlink;   delete p;   p = iter->firstin;  }  iter->firstout = NULL;

 }if( !m_vertexArray.empty())  m_vertexArray.clear();}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>bool OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::insertAVertex(IN const vertexNameType vertexName){//任然不做节点重复处理,因为数据来自另一个系统,已经保证不重复    Vertex<vertexNameType, weight> VertexInstance(vertexName, NULL);    m_vertexArray.push_back(VertexInstance);return true;}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>bool OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::insertAEdge(IN const vertexNameType vertexName1,                            IN const vertexNameType vertexName2, IN const weight edgeWeight){int v1 = -1;int v2 = -1;int size = m_vertexArray.size();//2分搜索定位V1,V2在容器中的位置 v1 = binarySearchIndex(vertexName1, 0, size); v2 = binarySearchIndex(vertexName2, 0, size);

if (-1 == v1)    {        cerr << "There is no vertex 1" << endl;return false;    }if (-1 == v2)    {        cerr << "There is no vertex 2" << endl;return false;    } Edge<weight> *p = m_vertexArray.at(v1).firstout;

while( p != NULL && p->headvex != v2 ) {  p = p->tlink; }if( NULL == p )        //不存在边v1->v2,将新边插入到链表头 {  p = new Edge<weight>(v1, v2,  edgeWeight, m_vertexArray.at(v2).firstin, m_vertexArray.at(v1).firstout);  m_vertexArray.at(v1).firstout = p;  m_vertexArray.at(v2).firstin = p;return true; }if( v2 == p->headvex)   //已存在v1->v2的边 {  Edge<weight> *q = p;  Edge<weight> *t = m_vertexArray.at(v2).firstin;while( t != NULL && t->tailvex != v1)   //找到边v1->v2在逆邻接表中的位置  {   t = t->hlink;  }  p = new Edge<weight>(v1, v2,  edgeWeight, t->hlink, q->tlink);   //将新边加在已存在的第一条v1->v2后面  q->tlink = p;  t->hlink = p;return true; }return false;}template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>int OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::binarySearchIndex(IN const vertexNameType vertexName, int beginPosition, int size){

int left = beginPosition;int right = size - 1;while(left <= right) {int middle = (left + right)/2;if (vertexName == m_vertexArray[middle].vertexName)return middle;if (vertexName > m_vertexArray[middle].vertexName)   left = middle + 1;else   right = middle - 1; }return -1;}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>bool OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::edgeExist(IN const vertexNameType vertexName1,                            IN const vertexNameType vertexName2){int v1 = getVertexIndex(vertexName1);if (-1 == v1)    {        cerr << "There is no vertex 1" << endl;return false;    }int v2 = getVertexIndex(vertexName2);if (-1 == v2)    {        cerr << "There is no vertex 2" << endl;return false;    }    Edge<weight> *p = m_vertexArray.at(v1).firstout;while(p != NULL && p->headvex != v2)       {        p = p->tlink;    }if(NULL == p) {  cout<<"dont exist"<<endl;return false; }if(v2 == p->headvex)                 //存在,则输出所有的v1->v2边 {  cout<<"exist"<<endl;        cout << vertexName1 << ":    ";while(p != NULL && p->headvex == v2)           {            cout << "(" << vertexName1 << "," << vertexName2 << "," << p->edgeWeight << ")  ";            p = p->tlink;        }        cout << endl;return true; }}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>void OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::vertexAdjEdges(IN const vertexNameType vertexName){int v1 = getVertexIndex(vertexName);if( -1 == v1) {  cerr<<"There is no vertex: "<<vertexName<<endl;return ; } Edge<weight> *p = m_vertexArray.at(v1).firstout; cout << vertexName << ":    ";while( p != NULL)            //顺着邻接表输出边信息 {  cout<<"(" << vertexName << "," << getData(p->headvex) <<"," << p->edgeWeight <<") ";  p = p->tlink; } cout<<endl;}template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>void OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::vertexRAdjEdges(IN const vertexNameType vertexName){int v1 = getVertexIndex(vertexName);if( -1 == v1) {  cerr<<"There is no vertex: "<<vertexName<<endl;return ; } Edge<weight> *p = m_vertexArray.at(v1).firstin; cout << vertexName << ":    ";while( p != NULL)             //顺着逆邻接表输出信息 {  cout<<"(" << getData(p->tailvex) << "," << vertexName <<"," << p->edgeWeight <<") ";  p = p->hlink; } cout<<endl;}template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>bool OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::removeAEdge(IN const vertexNameType vertexName1,                                          IN const vertexNameType vertexName2, IN const weight edgeWeight){int v1 = getVertexIndex(vertexName1);if (-1 == v1)    {        cerr << "There is no vertex 1" << endl;return false;    }int v2 = getVertexIndex(vertexName2);if (-1 == v2)    {        cerr << "There is no vertex 2" << endl;return false;    } Edge<weight> *p = m_vertexArray.at(v1).firstout;    Edge<weight> *q = NULL;while( p != NULL && p->headvex != v2 )    {        q = p;        p = p->tlink;    }if (NULL == p)    {        cerr << "Edge is not found" << endl;return false;    }while( edgeWeight != p->edgeWeight && p->headvex == v2 )    {        q = p;        p = p->tlink;    }if (v2 != p->headvex)    {        cerr << "Edge is not found" << endl;return false;    }

 Edge<weight> *t = m_vertexArray.at(v2).firstin; Edge<weight> *s = NULL;while ( t != p )   //边若存在,那么一定是p指向的边,所以t的搜索条件与p相比即可 {  s = t;  t = t->hlink; }

//修改v1的邻接表 if( q == NULL )           //邻接表第一个即所要删除的边  m_vertexArray.at(v1).firstout = p->tlink;else  q->tlink = p->tlink; //修改v2的逆邻接表 if( s == NULL )          //逆邻接表第一个即所要删除的边  m_vertexArray.at(v2).firstin = t->hlink;else  s->hlink = t->hlink;    delete p;

return true;}template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>weight OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::getEdgeWeight(IN const Edge<weight> *pEdge){return pEdge->edgeWeight;}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>void OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::getVertexEdgeWeight(IN const int v1, OUT vector<weight> &DistanceArray){    Edge<weight> *p = m_vertexArray.at(v1).firstout;int prevIndex = -1;    weight tmp;while(NULL != p)    {if (prevIndex == p->headvex)   //相同边找权值最小的一个        {if (tmp > p->edgeWeight)            {                DistanceArray[prevIndex] = p->edgeWeight;            }        }else        {            DistanceArray[p->headvex] = p->edgeWeight;            prevIndex = p->headvex;            tmp = p->edgeWeight;        }

        p = p->tlink;    }}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>weight OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::getMinWeight(IN const vertexNameType vertexName1,                                          IN const vertexNameType vertexName2){    Edge<weight> *pEdge = NULL;int v1 = getVertexIndex(vertexName1);if (-1 == v1)    {        cerr << "There is no vertex 1" << endl;return false;    }int v2 = getVertexIndex(vertexName2);if (-1 == v2)    {        cerr << "There is no vertex 2" << endl;return false;    }    Edge<weight> *p = m_vertexArray.at(v1).firstout;while (p != NULL && p->headvex != v2)    {        p = p->tlink;    }if (NULL == p)    {        pEdge = NULL;return weight(0);    }    weight tmp = getEdgeWeight(p);    pEdge = p;while (NULL != p && v2 == p->headvex)     {if (tmp > getEdgeWeight(p))        {            tmp = getEdgeWeight(p);            pEdge = p;        }        p = p->tlink;    }return tmp;}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>int OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::getVertexIndex(IN const vertexNameType vertexName){for( int i = 0; i < m_vertexArray.size(); i++ ) {if( vertexName == getData(i) )return i; }return -1;}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>vertexNameType OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::getData(IN int index){return m_vertexArray.at(index).vertexName;}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>int OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::getVertexNumber(){return m_vertexArray.size();}template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>int OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::Dijkstra(IN const vertexNameType vertexName1){int sourceIndex = getVertexIndex(vertexName1);if (-1 == sourceIndex)    {        cerr << "There is no vertex " << endl;return false;    }int nVertexNo = getVertexNumber();    vector<bool> vecIncludeArray;    vecIncludeArray.assign(nVertexNo, false);    vecIncludeArray[sourceIndex] = true;    vector<weight> vecDistanceArray;    vecDistanceArray.assign(nVertexNo, weight(INT_MAX));    vecDistanceArray[sourceIndex] = weight(0);    vector<int> vecPrevVertex;    vecPrevVertex.assign(nVertexNo, sourceIndex);    getVertexEdgeWeight(sourceIndex, vecDistanceArray);int vFrom, vTo;while(1)    {        weight minWeight = weight(INT_MAX);        vFrom = sourceIndex;        vTo = -1;for (int i = 0; i < nVertexNo; i++)        {if (!vecIncludeArray[i] && minWeight > vecDistanceArray[i])            {                minWeight = vecDistanceArray[i];                vFrom = i;            }        }if (weight(INT_MAX) == minWeight)        {break;        }        vecIncludeArray[vFrom] = true;        Edge<weight> *p = m_vertexArray[vFrom].firstout;while (NULL != p)        {            weight wFT = p->edgeWeight;            vTo = p->headvex;if (!vecIncludeArray[vTo] && vecDistanceArray[vTo] > wFT + vecDistanceArray[vFrom])            {                vecDistanceArray[vTo] = wFT + vecDistanceArray[vFrom];                vecPrevVertex[vTo] = vFrom;            }            p = p->tlink;        }

    }for (int i = 0; i < nVertexNo; i++)    {if (weight(INT_MAX) != vecDistanceArray[i])        {            cout << getData(sourceIndex) << "->" << getData(i) << ": ";            DijkstraPrint(i, sourceIndex, vecPrevVertex);            cout << "" << vecDistanceArray[i];            cout << endl;        }    }return 0;}template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight> void OLGraph<vertexNameType, weight>::DijkstraPrint(IN int index, IN int sourceIndex, IN vector<int> vecPreVertex){if (sourceIndex != index)    {        DijkstraPrint(vecPreVertex[index], sourceIndex, vecPreVertex);    }    cout << getData(index) << " ";}

template<typename vertexNameType, typename weight>  ostream& operator<<(OUT ostream &out, IN OLGraph<vertexNameType,weight> &graphInstance){int vertexNo = graphInstance.getVertexNumber();out << "This graph has " << vertexNo << "vertexes" << endl;for(int i = 0; i < vertexNo; i++)    {        vertexNameType x1 = graphInstance.getData(i);out << x1 << ":    ";        Edge<weight> *p = graphInstance.m_vertexArray.at(i).firstout;while (NULL != p)        {out << "(" << x1 << "," << graphInstance.getData(p->headvex) << "," << p->edgeWeight << ")  ";            p = p->tlink;        }out << endl;    }return out;}#endif

主程序:

#include <iostream>#include <ctime>#include <string>#include <algorithm>#include "OLGraph.h"using namespace std;using namespace graphspace;int main(){ OLGraph<string, int> g; clock_t start1,finish1,time1;double duration; g.insertAVertex("A"); g.insertAVertex("B"); g.insertAEdge("A", "B", 16);

 g.insertAEdge("A", "B", 26); g.insertAEdge("A", "B", 36); g.insertAEdge("A", "B", 46); g.insertAEdge("A", "B", 6);

 g.insertAVertex("C"); g.insertAVertex("D"); g.insertAVertex("E"); g.insertAVertex("F"); cout<<g<<endl<<endl; g.insertAEdge("A", "B", 6); g.insertAEdge("A", "C", 3); g.insertAEdge("B", "C", 2); g.insertAEdge("B", "D", 5); g.insertAEdge("C", "D", 3); g.insertAEdge("C", "E", 4); g.insertAEdge("D", "E", 2); g.insertAEdge("D", "F", 3); g.insertAEdge("E", "F", 5);

 g.insertAEdge("B", "A", 6); g.insertAEdge("C", "A", 3); g.insertAEdge("C", "B", 2); g.insertAEdge("D", "B", 5); g.insertAEdge("D", "C", 3); g.insertAEdge("E", "C", 4); g.insertAEdge("E", "D", 2); g.insertAEdge("F", "D", 3); g.insertAEdge("F", "E", 5); cout<<g<<endl<<endl;

 cout<<g<<endl<<endl; g.Dijkstra("A"); g.vertexRAdjEdges("B");string vertex1;string vertex2;int controlNum;int value; cout<<"查询边请按 1,查询顶点邻接表请按 2,查询顶尖逆邻接表请按3 ,删除边请按4,退出请按 0:"<<endl; cin>>controlNum;while( controlNum != 0 ) {  start1 = clock();switch ( controlNum ){case 1:   cout<<"entry 2 vertex name"<<endl;   cin>>vertex1>>vertex2;   g.edgeExist(vertex1, vertex2);   cout<<endl;break;case 2:   cout<<"entry 1 vertex name"<<endl;   cin>>vertex1;   g.vertexAdjEdges(vertex1);   cout<<endl;break;case 3:   cout<<"entry 1 vertex name"<<endl;   cin>>vertex1;   g.vertexRAdjEdges(vertex1);   cout<<endl;break;case 4:   cout<<"entry 2 vertex name"<<endl;   cin>>vertex1>>vertex2;   cin>>value;   g.removeAEdge(vertex1, vertex2, value);   cout<<g<<endl<<endl;break;default:break;  }

  cout<<"查询边请按 1,查询顶点邻接表请按 2,查询顶尖逆邻接表请按3 ,删除边请按4,退出请按 0:"<<endl;  cin>>controlNum;  finish1 = clock();  duration = (double)(finish1 - start1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;  cout<<duration<<" seconds"<<endl; }

 system("pause");return 0;}

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/SadGeminids/archive/2011/12/23/2299207.html

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