目  录

摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I

ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

1  绪论------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

1.1  研究背景及意义--------------------------------------------------------- 1

1.2  国内外研究现状--------------------------------------------------------- 1

1.3  研究内容及结构安排---------------------------------------------------- 2

2  系统方案论证------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

2.1  系统设计方案------------------------------------------------------------ 3

2.2  主控模块选型------------------------------------------------------------ 3

2.3  显示模块选型------------------------------------------------------------ 4

2.4  设计语言的选择--------------------------------------------------------- 5

2.5  车辆流量检测器的选择------------------------------------------------- 6

3  系统硬件设计------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

3.1  主控模块----------------------------------------------------------------- 8

3.1.1  单片机最小系统-------------------------------------------------- 8

3.1.2  系统时钟电路----------------------------------------------------- 9

3.1.3  系统复位电路--------------------------------------------------- 10

3.1.4  中断系统--------------------------------------------------------- 11

3.2  显示模块---------------------------------------------------------------- 11

3.3  按键模块---------------------------------------------------------------- 12

3.4  车流量检测模块------------------------------------------------------- 13

4  系统软件设计------------------------------------------------------------------ 14

4.1  设计软件简介----------------------------------------------------------- 14

4.1.1  Altium Designer-------------------------------------------------- 14

4.1.2  Proteus----------------------------------------------------------- 14

4.1.3  Keil C51---------------------------------------------------------- 14

4.2  系统程序设计----------------------------------------------------------- 14

4.2.1  主程序设计流程图---------------------------------------------- 14

4.2.2  车流量检测子程序设计----------------------------------------- 15

4.2.3  正常模式子程序设计------------------------------------------- 16

5  系统测试----------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

6  总结与展望--------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

6.1  总结--------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

6.2  展望--------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

参考文献--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24

致谢--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26

附录--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27

摘要

随着车辆的增多和交通的飞速发展，在道路交通管理与控制中对交通信息的

需求越来越多。实时准确地检测道路车辆的交通流信息并预测未来道路交通状况，进而将预测信息提供给交通控制中心，这样，就能够有效地引导交通避免交通阻塞，减少出行时间和交通事故的发生。并且，交通数据检测在交通控制系统中也是十分重要的，精确和可靠的检测数据是在交通控制中进行合理的信号配时优化的基础，实时准确地对交通流预测，即有效地利用实时的交通数据预测未来的交通状况，是实现有效的交通控制和交通诱导的关键所在，也为了在应急情况下可以对道路通行状态进行改变。

本设计采用了一套可用于智能交通灯的方案。该套设计方案采用51单片机作为系统的主控芯片，使用LED数码管，红黄绿三种颜色的发光二极管。通过对定时器的设置和中断的控制，实现交通信号灯的功能。本设计引入了车流量检测，通过在地面铺设环形线圈传感器，测量车辆通过数量，检测车流量的大小，来自动调节红绿灯的显示时间。还设置了按键模块，在紧急情况时可通过按键模块实现任一方向的可持续通行的效果，经过仿真对本文方案进行验证。测试结果表明，所设计的智能信号交通灯微机控制系统符合设计要求。

关键词：城市道路  智能交通灯  车流量检测  紧急持续通行

ABSTRACT

With the increase of vehicles and the rapid development of traffic, the traffic information in the road traffic management and control of demand is increasing. Real-time and accurate detection of road vehicle traffic flow information and predict the future road traffic conditions, and then provide the predicted information to the traffic control center, so that the traffic can be effectively induced to avoid traffic congestion, reduce travel time and traffic accidents. Moreover, traffic data detection is also very important in traffic control systems, accurate and reliable detection data is the basis for reasonable signal timing optimization in traffic control, real-time accurate traffic flow prediction, that is, effective use of real-time traffic data to predict future traffic conditions, is the key to achieve effective traffic control and traffic guidance, but also in order to emergency situations can be the road traffic the state of the road can be changed in emergency situations.

In this paper, a scheme for intelligent traffic lights is designed. The design scheme uses 51 single chip as the system's main control chip, using LED digital tube, red, yellow and green color light-emitting diode. Through the setting of the timer and interrupt control, traffic lights to achieve the function. In this paper, the traffic flow detection is introduced, which can automatically adjust the display time of traffic lights by laying ring coil sensors on the ground to measure the number of vehicles passing and to detect the volume of traffic flow. A key module is also set up, which can be used to achieve the effect of sustainable traffic in any direction in case of emergency. The scheme is verified by simulation. The test results show that the intelligent signal traffic light microcomputer control system designed in this paper meets the design requirements.

Keywords:urban roads  intelligent traffic lights  Traffic flow detection  emergency continuous traffic