1、基本概念

在openpyxl中，主要用到三个概念：Workbooks，Sheets，Cells。

Workbook就是一个excel工作表；

Sheet是工作表中的一张表页；

Cell就是简单的一个格。

openpyxl就是围绕着这三个概念进行的，不管读写都是“三板斧”：

打开Workbook，定位Sheet，操作Cell。

下面分读和写分别介绍几个常见的方法。

1.1 打开 Excel 表格并获取表格名称

from openpyxl import load_workbook

workbook = load_workbook(filename ="test.xlsx")

workbook.sheetnames

1.2 通过 sheet 名称获取表格

from openpyxl import load_workbook

workbook = load_workbook(filename ="test.xlsx")

workbook.sheetnames

sheet = workbook["Sheet1"]

print(sheet)

1.3 获取表格的尺寸大小 几行几列数据

sheet.dimensions

1.4 获取表格内某个格子的数据

workbook = load_workbook(filename ="test.xlsx")

sheet = workbook.active

print(sheet)

cell1 = sheet["A1"]

cell2 = sheet["C11"]

print(cell1.value, cell2.value)

workbook = load_workbook(filename ="test.xlsx")

sheet = workbook.active

print(sheet)

cell1 = sheet.cell(row = 1,column = 1)

cell2 = sheet.cell(row = 11,column = 3)

print(cell1.value, cell2.value)

1.5 获取某个格子的行数、列数、坐标

workbook = load_workbook(filename ="test.xlsx")

sheet = workbook.active

print(sheet)

cell1 = sheet["A1"]

cell2 = sheet["C11"]

print(cell1.value, cell1.row, cell1.column,cell1.coordinate)

print(cell2.value, cell2.row, cell2.column,cell2.coordinate)

1.6 获取一系列格子

workbook = load_workbook(filename ="test.xlsx")

sheet = workbook.active

print(sheet)

# 获取A1:C2区域的值

cell = sheet["A1:C2"]

print(cell)

for i in cell:

for j in i:

print(j.value)

sheet["A"] --- 获取A列的数据

sheet["A:C"] --- 获取A,B,C三列的数据

sheet[5] --- 只获取第5行的数据

1.7  按行获取值

for i in sheet.iter_rows(min_row=2,max_row=5, min_col=1, max_col=2):

for j in i:

print(j.value)

1.8 按列获取值

for i in sheet.iter_cols(min_row=2,max_row=5, min_col=1, max_col=2):

for j in i:

print(j.value)

1.9 向某个格子中写入内容并保存

workbook = load_workbook(filename ="test.xlsx")

sheet = workbook.active

print(sheet)

sheet["A1"] = "哈喽"

# 这句代码也可以改为cell =sheet["A1"]  cell.value ="哈喽"

workbook.save(filename = "哈喽.xlsx")

1.10 向表格中插入行数据

workbook = load_workbook(filename ="test.xlsx")

sheet = workbook.active

print(sheet)

data = [ ["唐僧","男","180cm"], ["孙悟空","男","188cm"], ["猪八戒","男","175cm"], ["沙僧","男","176cm"], ]

for row in data:

sheet.append(row)

workbook.save(filename ="test.xlsx")

1.11 在 python 中使用 excel 函数公式

workbook = load_workbook(filename ="test.xlsx")

sheet = workbook.active

print(sheet)

sheet["D1"] = "标准身高"

for i in range(2,16):

sheet["D{}".format(i)]=                       '=IF(RIGHT(C{},2)="cm",C{},SUBSTITUTE(C{},"m","")*100&"cm")'.format(i,i,i)

workbook.save(filename ="test.xlsx")

1.12 其他命令 

.insert_rowss() 和.insert_ cols()：插入空行和空列

.delete_rows() 和.delete_ cols()：删除行和列

.move_ range()：移动格子

.create_ sheet()：创建新的 sheet 表格

. remove()：删除某个sheet 表

.copy_ worksheet()：复制一个 sheet 表到另外一张 excel 表

sheet.title ：修改sheet 表的名称