手把手带你学Docker：Docker容器日常管理（四）

运行Docker容器的命令：docker run == docker create + docker start

查看容器

docker ps：查看正在运行的容器
docker ps -a：查看已经创建的容器

[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
2f2bb2e87136        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   24 seconds ago      Up 22 seconds       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   thirsty_montalcini
[root@docker01 ~]#
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                    PORTS                NAMES
2f2bb2e87136        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   30 seconds ago       Up 29 seconds             0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   thirsty_montalcini
2f7c755645e6        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Created                                        kind_joliot
efe791c12bb9        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   18 hours ago         Exited (0) 17 hours ago                        youthful_mccarthy
c57ccf765ec7        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   19 hours ago         Created                                        trusting_lumiere
[root@docker01 ~]#

停止容器

docker stop container_id
docker container stop container_id （等效）

[root@docker01 ~]# docker stop 2f2bb2e87136
2f2bb2e87136
[root@docker01 ~]#

KILL容器

docker kill container_id/container_name
docker container kill container_id/container_name（等效）

[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
33f8577ba02e        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   15 seconds ago      Up 13 seconds       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp   xenodochial_boyd
[root@docker01 ~]# ^C
[root@docker01 ~]# docker kill 33f8577ba02e
33f8577ba02e
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker01 ~]#

删除容器

可以删除多个： docker rm container_id1 container_id2 container_id3

批量删除容器：docker rm -f docker ps -a -q

[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
33f8577ba02e        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 minutes ago       Exited (137) 4 minutes ago                       xenodochial_boyd
2f2bb2e87136        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 hours ago         Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                         thirsty_montalcini
2f7c755645e6        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 hours ago         Created                                          kind_joliot
efe791c12bb9        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   22 hours ago        Exited (0) 20 hours ago                          youthful_mccarthy
c57ccf765ec7        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   22 hours ago        Created                                          trusting_lumiere
[root@docker01 ~]# docker rm 33f8577ba02e 2f2bb2e87136
33f8577ba02e
2f2bb2e87136
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS               NAMES
2f7c755645e6        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 hours ago         Created                                       kind_joliot
efe791c12bb9        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   22 hours ago        Exited (0) 20 hours ago                       youthful_mccarthy
c57ccf765ec7        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   22 hours ago        Created
[root@docker01 ~]# docker rm `docker ps -a -q`
2f7c755645e6
efe791c12bb9
c57ccf765ec7
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@docker01 ~]#

查看容器命令

查看其他命令：docker container

[root@docker01 ~]# docker containerUsage:  docker container COMMANDManage containersCommands:attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running containercommit      Create a new image from a container's changescp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystemcreate      Create a new containerdiff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystemexec        Run a command in a running containerexport      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archiveinspect     Display detailed information on one or more containerskill        Kill one or more running containerslogs        Fetch the logs of a containerls          List containerspause       Pause all processes within one or more containersport        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the containerprune       Remove all stopped containersrename      Rename a containerrestart     Restart one or more containersrm          Remove one or more containersrun         Run a command in a new containerstart       Start one or more stopped containersstats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statisticsstop        Stop one or more running containerstop         Display the running processes of a containerunpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containersupdate      Update configuration of one or more containerswait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codesRun 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
[root@docker01 ~]#

容器运行命令扩展

docker run == docker create + docker start

创建容器：docker container create nginx:latest
启动容器： docker container start container_id

[root@docker01 ~]# docker container create nginx:latest
6cea7211b48456a29e89139c802a08e3a40cdabb9d278deb08f8e7915f43a3ba
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
6cea7211b484        nginx:latest        "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   6 seconds ago       Created                                 lucid_sanderson
[root@docker01 ~]# docker start 6cea7211b484
6cea7211b484
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
6cea7211b484        nginx:latest        "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   47 seconds ago      Up 4 seconds        80/tcp              lucid_sanderson
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run -d nginx:latest
8a3657a09f00e8b36f6e42c3e6860e7b7a2255da380fcb4d846a3b79f2462606
root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
8a3657a09f00        nginx:latest        "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   36 seconds ago       Up 36 seconds       80/tcp              distracted_cartwright
6cea7211b484        nginx:latest        "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   80/tcp              lucid_sanderson
[root@docker01 ~]#

Docker容器的核心理念

Docker的本质是： 在隔离的环境运行的一个进程所以：docker容器内的第一个进程必须一直处于前台运行的状态（必须夯住），否则这个容器，就会处于退出状态！

正常情况下： docker run -d centos:6.8 是无法让centos在后台运行，能夯住的命令：tail -f /-F

[root@docker01 ~]# docker run -d centos:6.8
a374f287482a063ced2831335bbeec9034524bc651d978037359c5b9fa537389
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                           PORTS               NAMES
a374f287482a        centos:6.8          "/bin/bash"              3 seconds ago        Exited (0) 2 seconds ago                             wonderful_feistel
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run -d centos:6.8 tail -F /var/log.txt
d52b42604011a90b516fc3313c4ad331f918eb69c0c79f7a031d908baeba3f2a
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                           PORTS               NAMES
d52b42604011        centos:6.8          "tail -F /var/log.txt"   6 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds                                         competent_galileo

总结

本篇文章讲述了Docker容器的日常管理，由于纯手打，难免会有纰漏，如果发现错误的地方，请第一时间告诉我，这将是我进步的一个很重要的环节。