Python由于语言的简洁性，让我们以人类思考的方式来写代码，新手更容易上手，老鸟更爱不释手。

要写出 Pythonic(优雅的、地道的、整洁的)代码，还要平时多观察那些大牛代码，Github 上有很多非常优秀的源代码值得阅读，比如：requests、flask、tornado，这里小明收集了一些常见的 Pythonic 写法，帮助你养成写优秀代码的习惯。

01. 变量交换

Bad

tmp = a

a = b

b = tmp

Pythonic

a,b = b,a

02. 列表推导

Bad

my_list = []

for i in range(10):

my_list.append(i*2)

Pythonic

my_list = [i*2 for i in range(10)]

03. 单行表达式

虽然列表推导式由于其简洁性及表达性，被广受推崇。

但是有许多可以写成单行的表达式，并不是好的做法。

Bad

print 'one'; print 'two'

if x == 1: print 'one'

if and :

# do something

Pythonic

print 'one'

print 'two'

if x == 1:

print 'one'

cond1 =

cond2 =

if cond1 and cond2:

# do something

04. 带索引遍历

Bad

for i in range(len(my_list)):

print(i, "-->", my_list[i])

Pythonic

for i,item in enumerate(my_list):

print(i, "-->",item)

05. 序列解包

Pythonic

a, *rest = [1, 2, 3]

# a = 1, rest = [2, 3]

a, *middle, c = [1, 2, 3, 4]

# a = 1, middle = [2, 3], c = 4

06. 字符串拼接

Bad

letters = ['s', 'p', 'a', 'm']

s=""

for let in letters:

s += let

Pythonic

letters = ['s', 'p', 'a', 'm']

word = ''.join(letters)

07. 真假判断

Bad

if attr == True:

print 'True!'

if attr == None:

print 'attr is None!'

Pythonic

if attr:

print 'attr is truthy!'

if not attr:

print 'attr is falsey!'

if attr is None:

print 'attr is None!'

08. 访问字典元素

Bad

d = {'hello': 'world'}

if d.has_key('hello'):

print d['hello'] # prints 'world'

else:

print 'default_value'

Pythonic

d = {'hello': 'world'}

print d.get('hello', 'default_value') # prints 'world'

print d.get('thingy', 'default_value') # prints 'default_value'

# Or:

if 'hello' in d:

print d['hello']

09. 操作列表

Bad

a = [3, 4, 5]

b = []

for i in a:

if i > 4:

b.append(i)

Pythonic

a = [3, 4, 5]

b = [i for i in a if i > 4]

# Or:

b = filter(lambda x: x > 4, a)

Bad

a = [3, 4, 5]

for i in range(len(a)):

a[i] += 3

Pythonic

a = [3, 4, 5]

a = [i + 3 for i in a]

# Or:

a = map(lambda i: i + 3, a)

10. 文件读取

Bad

f = open('file.txt')

a = f.read()

print a

f.close()

Pythonic

with open('file.txt') as f:

for line in f:

print line

11. 代码续行

Bad

my_very_big_string = """For a long time I used to go to bed early. Sometimes, \

when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly that I had not even \

time to say “I'm going to sleep.”"""

from some.deep.module.inside.a.module import a_nice_function, another_nice_function, \

yet_another_nice_function

Pythonic

my_very_big_string = (

"For a long time I used to go to bed early. Sometimes, "

"when I had put out my candle, my eyes would close so quickly "

"that I had not even time to say “I'm going to sleep.”"

)

from some.deep.module.inside.a.module import (

a_nice_function, another_nice_function, yet_another_nice_function)

12. 显式代码

Bad

def make_complex(*args):

x, y = args

return dict(**locals())

Pythonic

def make_complex(x, y):

return {'x': x, 'y': y}

13. 使用占位符

Pythonic

filename = 'foobar.txt'

basename, _, ext = filename.rpartition('.')

14. 链式比较

Bad

if age > 18 and age < 60:

print("young man")

Pythonic

if 18 < age < 60:

print("young man")

理解了链式比较操作，那么你应该知道为什么下面这行代码输出的结果是 False

>>> False == False == True

False

15. 三目运算

这个保留意见。随使用习惯就好。

Bad

if a > 2:

b = 2

else:

b = 1

#b = 2

Pythonic

a = 3

b = 2 if a > 2 else 1

#b = 2

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