AIX、HP-UX、Linux、Solaris 常用命令及配置文件对照表
1对照表(一)
Directory Mappings |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
Root filesystem |
/ {/dev/hd4} |
/ {/dev/ad0s1a} |
/ {/dev/vg00/lvol1} |
/ {/dev/sda1} |
/ {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol} |
/ {/dev/rz0a} |
Home Directory |
/home {/dev/hd1} |
/home {/dev/vg00/lvol4} |
/export/home |
|||
/tmp {/dev/hd3} |
/tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6} |
/tmp |
||||
/usr {/dev/hd2} |
/usr {/dev/ad0s1f} |
/usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7} |
/usr |
/usr {/dev/rz0g} |
||
/var {/dev/hd9var} |
/var {/dev/ad0s1e} |
/var {/dev/vg00/lvol8} |
/var |
|||
Sample configuration files |
- |
/usr/newconfig |
||||
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
Solaris |
Tru64 |
|
Password files |
/etc/passwd |
/etc/passwd |
/etc/passwd |
/etc/passwd |
/etc/passwd |
/etc/passwd |
Groups file |
/etc/group |
/etc/group |
/etc/group |
/etc/group |
/etc/group |
/etc/group |
Maximum # of user ID |
4294967295 |
65535 |
2147483647 |
65535 |
2147483647 |
65535 |
Allow/Deny remote login |
/etc/security/user |
/etc/ttys |
/etc/securetty |
/etc/securetty |
/etc/default/login |
/etc/securettys |
User nobody's id # |
4294967294 |
65534 |
-2 |
99 |
60001 & 65534(nobody4) |
65534 |
Group nobody's id # |
4294967294 |
65534 |
-2(nogroup) |
99 |
60002 & 65534(nogroup) |
65534 |
Recover root password |
boot from CD/Tape |
ok boot -s |
>boot |
{lilo} {grub} |
boot cdrom -s |
press the HALT Button or (Control-P) |
Create new user |
mkuser |
adduser |
useradd |
useradd |
useradd |
useradd |
Delete user |
rmuser |
rmuser |
userdel |
userdel |
userdel |
userdel |
List users |
lsuser -f ALL |
logins |
logins |
|||
Modify user account |
chuser -a |
usermod |
usermod |
usermod |
usermod |
|
General Commands |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
Solaris |
Tru64 |
Unique host ID |
hostid |
uname -i |
hostid |
hostid |
hostid |
|
Administrator |
smit |
sam |
linuxconf |
admintool |
sysman |
|
Performance monitor |
top |
top |
top |
top |
top |
top |
System activity reporter |
sar |
sa |
sar |
sar {sysstat} |
sar |
/usr/opt/svr4/bin/sar |
Virtual Memory statistics |
vmstat |
vmstat |
vmstat |
vmstat |
vmstat |
vmstat |
I/O statistics |
iostat |
iostat |
iostat |
iostat {sysstat} |
iostat |
iostat |
Error logs |
alog -o -t boot |
dmesg |
dmesg |
dmesg |
dmesg |
uerf -R -o full |
Physical RAM |
1TB |
4TB |
64 GB {>2.3.24} |
16TB |
4TB |
|
Shared Memory |
2.75GB |
8TB |
sysctl kernel.shmmax |
|||
Process Data Space |
2GB |
4GB |
900 MB |
|||
Swap device |
/dev/hd6 |
/dev/ad0s1b |
/dev/vg00/lvol2 |
/dev/sda2 |
/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol |
/dev/rz0b |
Swap file type |
/etc/swapspaces |
swap |
swap |
partition type 82 |
swap |
raw |
Display swap size |
lsps -a |
swapinfo |
swapinfo -a |
free |
swap -l |
swapon -s |
Activate Swap |
swapon -a |
swapon -a |
swapon -a |
swapon -a |
swap -a |
swapon -a |
2对照表(二)
Printers |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX |
Solaris |
Tru64 |
Printer Queues |
/etc/qconfig |
/var/spool/print |
/etc/lp/interface/* |
/var/spool/lpd/lp/* |
/etc/lp/interfaces/* |
/usr/spool/lpd |
Stop LP |
stopsrc -s lpd |
lpshut |
/etc/init.d/lpd stop |
/usr/lib/lp/lpshut |
/sbin/init.d/lpd stop |
|
Start LP |
startsrc -s lpd |
lpd |
lpsched |
/etc/init.d/lpd start |
/usr/lib/lp/lpsched |
/sbin/init.d/lpd start |
Submit print jobs |
enq |
lp |
lp |
lpr |
lp |
lp |
LP statistics |
enq -A |
lpq |
lpstat |
lpq |
lpstat |
lpstat |
Remove print jobs |
cancel |
cancel |
cancel |
lprm |
cancel |
cancel |
Add printer queue |
smit mkpq |
lpadmin -p pq |
printtool |
lpadmin -p pq |
lprsetup |
|
Remove Printer queue |
smit rmpq |
lpadmin -x pq |
lpadmin -x pq |
lprsetup |
||
Make default printer |
export LPDEST="pq" |
lpadmin -d pq |
lpadmin -d pq |
export PRINTER="lp" |
||
TCP/IP |
AIX |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
Solaris |
Tru64 |
|
Network IP configuration |
lsattr -E -l inet0 |
/etc/rc.conf |
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf |
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ |
/etc/hostname.* |
/etc/rc.config |
Hosts IP addresses |
/etc/hosts |
/etc/hosts |
/etc/hosts |
/etc/hosts |
/etc/inet/hosts |
/etc/hosts |
Name service switch |
/etc/netsvc.conf |
/etc/host.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf |
/etc/svc.conf |
Network parameters |
no -a |
sysctl |
ndd -h |
sysctl -a | grep net |
ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ? |
|
Routing daemon |
gated |
routed |
gated |
routed |
in.routed |
routed |
NIC Configurations |
ifconfig -a |
ifconfig -a |
lanscan -v |
ifconfig -a |
ifconfig -a |
ifconfig -a |
Secondary IP Address |
ifconfig en0 alias IP |
ifconfig xl0 alias IP |
ifconfig lan0:1 IP |
modprobe ip_alias |
ifconfig hme0:1 IP up |
ifconfig ln0 alias |
Login prompt |
HERALD @ |
telnetd -b /etc/issue |
/etc/issue |
BANNER @ |
/etc/issue |
|
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals |
odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" | chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P |
rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=# reboot insf -d ptys -n # |
cd /dev |
{/etc/system} {/etc/iu.ap} halt |
cd /dev |
|
Maximum # of ptys |
512 |
{MAXUSERS} |
256 |
176 {BSD} |
8192 |
|
Remote Shell |
remsh |
rsh |
remsh |
rsh |
rsh |
rsh |
YP/NIS service binder |
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind |
/usr/sbin/ypbind |
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind |
/sbin/ypbind |
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind |
/usr/sbin/ypbind |
3对照表(三)
System Files |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
Solaris |
Tru64 |
NFS exported |
/etc/exports |
/etc/exports |
/etc/exports |
/etc/exports |
/etc/dfs/dfstab |
/etc/exports |
NFS Client mounted directories |
/etc/xtab |
/etc/xtab |
/var/lib/nfs/xtab |
/etc/rmtab |
/var/adm/mountdtab |
|
Max File System |
128 GB |
128 GB |
2 TB |
1 TB |
128 GB {<= 3.2G} |
|
Max File Size |
64 GB |
128 GB |
2 GB {512B block size} |
1 TB |
128 GB {<= 3.2G} |
|
Max # File Descriptors |
64 K |
60~ K |
sysctl fs.file-max |
64 K |
64 K |
|
DISK/LVM Commands |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
|
Filesystem table |
/etc/filesystems |
/etc/fstab |
/etc/fstab |
/etc/fstab |
/etc/vfstab |
/etc/fstab |
Free disk blocks |
df -k |
df -k |
bdf |
df -k |
df -k |
df -k |
Device listing |
lsdev -C |
/sbin/ioscan |
cat /proc/devices |
sysdef |
||
Disk information |
bootinfo -s hdisk# |
fdisk -v ad0 |
diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d# |
cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model |
format -d c#t#d# |
file /dev/rrz0c |
Disk Label |
lspv -l hdisk# |
disklabel ad0 |
pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d# |
fdisk -l |
prtvtoc |
disklabel -p rz0 |
LVM Concepts |
Partition |
sub disk |
logical extents |
logical extents |
sub disk |
sub disk |
Volume |
Volume |
logical volume |
logical volume |
Volume |
Volume |
|
Plex |
Plex |
Plex |
||||
Volume group |
volume group |
volume group |
disk group |
disk group |
||
Journal Filesystem type |
jfs |
vxfs |
ext3 |
vxfs |
advfs |
|
Default volume group |
/dev/rootvg |
/dev/vg00 |
/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg |
/dev/vol/rootdg |
||
Display volume group |
lsvg -l rootvg |
vgdisplay -v vg00 |
vgdisplay -v |
vxprint -l -g rootdg |
volprint -l -g rootdg |
|
Modify physical volume |
chpv |
pvchange |
pvchange |
|||
Prepare physical disk |
mkdev -c disk -l hdisk# |
pvcreate |
pvcreate |
vxdiskadd |
voldiskadd |
|
List physical volume |
lspv |
vinum ld |
pvdisplay |
pvdisplay |
vxprint -dl |
volprint -dl |
Remove disk from volume group |
reducevg |
vgreduce |
vgreduce |
vxdg rmdisk |
voldg rmdisk |
|
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes |
migratepv |
vinum move -f drive object |
pvmove |
pvmove |
vxassist move |
volassist move |
Create volume group |
mkvg |
vgcreate |
vgcreate |
vxdg init |
voldg init |
|
Remove volume group |
vgremove |
vgremove |
||||
Volume group availability |
chvg |
vgchange |
vgchange |
|||
Restore volume group |
vgcfgrestore |
vgcfgrestore |
||||
Exports volume group |
exportvg |
vgexport |
vgexport |
vxdg deport |
voldg deport |
|
Imports volume group |
importvg |
vgimport |
vgimport |
vxdg import |
voldg import |
|
Volume group listing |
lsvg |
vgscan |
vgscan |
|||
Change logical volume characteristics |
chlv |
lvchange |
lvchange |
vxedit set |
voledit set |
|
List logical volume |
lslv |
vinum lv |
lvdisplay |
lvdisplay |
vxprint -vl |
volprint -vl |
Make logical volume |
mklv |
lvcreate |
lvcreate |
vxassist make |
volassist make |
|
Extend logical volume |
extendlv |
lvextend |
lvextend |
vxassist growto |
volassist growto |
|
Reduce logical volume |
AIX reduce LV |
lvreduce |
lvreduce |
vxassist shrinkto |
volassist shrinkto |
|
Remove logical volume |
rmlv |
vinum rm vol |
lvremove |
lvremove |
vxedit rm |
voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1 |
Prepare boot volumes |
bootlist -m normal |
lvlnboot |
lilo |
vxbootsetup |
||
Remove boot volumes |
lvrmboot |
|||||
Extend File system |
chfs -a size=# /mt |
extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8 |
resize2fs |
vxva |
||
Reduce/Split mirrors |
rmlvcopy |
lvsplit |
lvsplit |
|||
Merge mirrors |
lvmerge |
lvmerge |
||||
Create mirrors |
mklv -c 2 |
vinum mirror drive |
lvcreate -m 1 |
vxassist mirror |
volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true |
|
Add mirrors |
mklvcopy lv 2 |
lvextend -m 1 |
||||
Create striped volumes |
mklv -u 3 -S 64K |
vinum stripe drive |
lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 |
lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 |
vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5 |
volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe |
System recovery tape |
mksysb -i /dev/rmt0 |
/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery |
/usr/sys/bin/btcreate |
|||
Backup |
savevg -i rootvg |
vinum saveconfig |
fbackup |
tar cvf /dev/rst0 / |
ufsdump |
vdump |
Restore |
restvg |
frecover |
tar xvf /dev/rst0 |
ufsrestore |
vrestore |
4对照表(四)
MISC |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
Startup script |
/etc/rc |
/etc/rc |
/sbin/rc |
/etc/rc.d/rc |
/etc/init.d |
/sbin/init.d |
Kernel |
/usr/lib/boot/unix_up |
/kernel |
/stand/vmunix |
/boot/vmlinuz |
/kernel/genunix |
/vmunix |
Kernel Parameters |
lsattr -E -l sys0 |
sysctl -a |
sysdef |
sysctl -a |
sysdef -i |
sysconfig |
Reconfigure the kernel |
chdev -l sys0 -a |
cd /sys/i386/conf |
cd /stand/build |
cd /usr/src/linux cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16 |
vi /etc/system |
doconfig |
List modules |
genkex |
kldstat |
kmadmin -s |
lsmod |
modinfo |
|
Load module |
kldload |
kmadmin -L |
insmod |
modload |
||
Unload module |
kldunload |
kmadmin -U |
rmmod |
modunload |
||
Initialize system |
install_assist |
/stand/sysinstall |
set_parms initial |
netconf |
sys-unconfig |
netsetup |
Physical RAM |
bootinfo -r |
sysctl hw.physmem |
grep -i Physical /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log |
free |
prtconf |
uerf | grep memory |
Kernel Bits |
bootinfo -K |
getconf KERNEL_BITS |
getconf LONG_BIT |
isainfo -kv |
64 |
|
Crash utility |
crash |
crash |
adb |
lcrash |
crash |
kdbx |
Trace System Calls |
syscalls |
truss |
tusc |
strace |
truss |
trace |
Machine model |
uname -m |
uname -m |
model |
uname -m |
uname -imp |
uname -p |
OS Level |
oslevel |
uname -r |
uname -r |
uname -r |
uname -r |
sizer -v |
Run Level |
who -r |
who -r |
runlevel |
who -r |
who -r |
|
Core dump files |
/var/adm/ras |
/var/adm/crash |
/var/crash/`uname -n` |
|||
Boot single user |
Key on service mode/F4 |
ok boot -s |
>boot |
{lilo} {grub} |
ok boot -s |
>>> boot -fl s |
Maintenance mode |
ok boot -as |
>boot |
ok boot -as |
|||
Interrupt Key |
control-B |
Stop-A |
control-P |
|||
Return to console |
co |
ok go |
||||
Timezone Management |
/etc/environment |
/etc/localtime |
/etc/TIMEZONE |
/etc/sysconfig/clock |
/etc/TIMEZONE |
/etc/svid3_tz |
NTP Daemon |
/etc/ntp.conf |
/etc/rc.conf {xntpd_enable="YES"} |
/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons |
/etc/ntp.conf |
/etc/inet/ntp.conf |
rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES |
Software |
AIX |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
|
Install Software |
installp -a |
pkg_add |
swinstall |
rpm -i package |
pkgadd |
setld -l |
Uninstall software |
installp -u |
pkg_delete |
swremove |
rpm -e package |
pkgrm |
setld -d |
List installed software |
lslpp -L all |
pkg_info -a |
swlist |
rpm -qa |
pkginfo |
setld -i |
Verify installed software |
lppchk -v |
swlist -l fileset -a state |
rpm -V package |
pkginfo -i |
setld -v |
|
List all files |
lslpp -f fileset |
pkg_info -L package |
swlist -l file fileset |
rpm -ql package |
pkgchk -l package |
setld -i package |
List installed patches |
instfix -i |
swlist -l patch |
patchadd -p |
dupatch -track -type patch |
||
Package owner |
lslpp -w path |
swlist -l file | grep path |
rpm -qf file |
pkgchk -l -p path |
||
SW Directory |
/usr/lpp |
/var/db/pkg |
/var/adm/sw/ |
/var/lib/rpm |
/var/sadm |
/var/adm/smlogs |
5对照表(五)
Devices |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
Devices |
/dev |
/dev |
/dev |
/dev |
/devices |
/dev |
Install devices for attached peripherals |
cfgmgr -v |
/dev/MAKEDEV |
insf -e |
/dev/MAKEDEV |
drvconfig |
scu scan edt |
Remove device |
rmdev -l |
rmsf |
rem_drv |
|||
Device drivers |
lscfg |
lsdev |
prtconf -D |
|||
CPU |
lsdev -Cc processor |
sysctl hw.model |
ioscan -fnC processor |
cat /proc/cpuinfo |
psrinfo -v |
psrinfo -v |
List Terminal |
lsdev -Cc tty |
ioscan -fnC tty |
pmadm -l |
|||
Diagnostics |
diag |
pciconf -l |
stm |
lspci |
/usr/platform/`uname -m`/ |
|
Whole Disk |
/dev/hdisk# |
/dev/ad0s1c |
/dev/dsk/c#t#d0 |
/dev/sda |
/dev/c#t#d0s2 |
/dev/rz0c |
CDROM |
/dev/cd0 |
/dev/acd0c |
/dev/dsk/c#t2d0 |
/dev/cdrom |
/dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2 |
/dev/rz3c |
CDROM file type |
cdrfs |
cd9660 |
cdfs |
iso9660 |
hsfs |
cdfs |
Rewinding tape drive |
/dev/rmt0 |
/dev/rwt0d |
/dev/rmt/0m |
/dev/rst0 { c 9 0} |
/dev/rmt/0 |
/dev/rmt0 |
Non-rewinding tape drive |
/dev/rmt0.1 |
/dev/nrwt0d |
/dev/rmt/0mn |
/dev/nrst0 { c 9 128 } |
/dev/rmt/0n |
/dev/nrmt0 |
Floppy drive |
/dev/rfd0 |
/dev/fd0 |
- |
/dev/fd0 |
/dev/diskette |
/dev/fd0c |
AIX |
FreeBSD |
HP-UX |
LINUX(RedHat) |
SOLARIS |
Tru64 |
|
FAQ |
AIX-FAQ |
FreeBSD FAQ |
HP-UX FAQ |
LINUX FAQ |
Solaris 2 FAQ |
Tru64 FAQ |
Online Manual |
AIX 5.3 Docs |
FreeBSD Hand Book |
HP-UX Reference Manual |
Linux Documentation Project |
Solaris 10 Documentation |
Tru64 Documents |
Technical Support |
p5 TechSupport |
IT Resource Center |
Red Hat support |
SunSolve |
Alpha Systems Support |
|
Phone Number |
1-800-CALL-AIX |
1-800-633-3600 |
1-888-REDHAT1 |
1-800-USA-4SUN |
1-800-474-6836 |
|
Free Software |
Public Domain Software Library |
FreeBSD Primary Site |
HP-UX Ports |
Linux Software Map |
Sun Freeware |
Tru64 Demos, Shareware & Freeware |
Certification |
www.ibm.com |
education.hp.com |
RHCE |
suned.sun.com |
ASE Information |
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