C#编写TensorFlow人工智能应用 TensorFlowSharp

TensorFlowSharp入门使用C#编写TensorFlow人工智能应用学习。

TensorFlow简单介绍

TensorFlow 是谷歌的第二代机器学习系统，按照谷歌所说，在某些基准测试中，TensorFlow的表现比第一代的DistBelief快了2倍。

TensorFlow 内建深度学习的扩展支持，任何能够用计算流图形来表达的计算，都可以使用TensorFlow。任何基于梯度的机器学习算法都能够受益于TensorFlow的自动分化（auto-differentiation）。通过灵活的Python接口，要在TensorFlow中表达想法也会很容易。

TensorFlow 对于实际的产品也是很有意义的。将思路从桌面GPU训练无缝搬迁到手机中运行。

示例Python代码：
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np# Create 100 phony x, y data points in NumPy, y = x * 0.1 + 0.3
x_data = np.random.rand(100).astype(np.float32)
y_data = x_data * 0.1 + 0.3# Try to find values for W and b that compute y_data = W * x_data + b
# (We know that W should be 0.1 and b 0.3, but TensorFlow will
# figure that out for us.)
W = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([1], -1.0, 1.0))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1]))
y = W * x_data + b# Minimize the mean squared errors.
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(y - y_data))
optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.5)
train = optimizer.minimize(loss)# Before starting, initialize the variables.  We will 'run' this first.
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()# Launch the graph.
sess = tf.Session()
sess.run(init)# Fit the line.
for step in range(201):sess.run(train)if step % 20 == 0:print(step, sess.run(W), sess.run(b))# Learns best fit is W: [0.1], b: [0.3]

使用TensorFlowSharp

GitHub:https://github.com/migueldeicaza/TensorFlowSharp

官方源码库，该项目支持跨平台，使用Mono。

可以使用NuGet 安装TensorFlowSharp，如下：

Install-Package TensorFlowSharp

编写简单应用

使用VS2017新建一个.NET Framework 控制台应用 tensorflowdemo，接着添加TensorFlowSharp 引用。

TensorFlowSharp 包比较大，需要耐心等待。

然后在项目属性中生成->平台目标改为 x64。

打开Program.cs 写入如下代码：

        static void Main(string[] args){using (var session = new TFSession()){var graph = session.Graph;Console.WriteLine(TFCore.Version);var a = graph.Const(2);var b = graph.Const(3);Console.WriteLine("a=2 b=3");// 两常量加var addingResults = session.GetRunner().Run(graph.Add(a, b));var addingResultValue = addingResults[0].GetValue();Console.WriteLine("a+b={0}", addingResultValue);// 两常量乘var multiplyResults = session.GetRunner().Run(graph.Mul(a, b));var multiplyResultValue = multiplyResults[0].GetValue();Console.WriteLine("a*b={0}", multiplyResultValue);var tft = new TFTensor(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"Hello TensorFlow Version {TFCore.Version}! LineZero"));var hello = graph.Const(tft);var helloResults = session.GetRunner().Run(hello);Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString((byte[])helloResults[0].GetValue()));}Console.ReadKey();}

运行程序结果如下：

TensorFlow C# image recognition

图像识别示例体验

https://github.com/migueldeicaza/TensorFlowSharp/tree/master/Examples/ExampleInceptionInference

下面学习一个实际的人工智能应用，是非常简单的一个示例，图像识别。

新建一个 imagerecognition .NET Framework 控制台应用项目，接着添加TensorFlowSharp 引用。

然后在项目属性中生成->平台目标改为 x64。

接着编写如下代码：

    class Program{static string dir, modelFile, labelsFile;public static void Main(string[] args){dir = "tmp";List<string> files = Directory.GetFiles("img").ToList();ModelFiles(dir);var graph = new TFGraph();// 从文件加载序列化的GraphDefvar model = File.ReadAllBytes(modelFile);//导入GraphDefgraph.Import(model, "");using (var session = new TFSession(graph)){var labels = File.ReadAllLines(labelsFile);Console.WriteLine("TensorFlow图像识别 LineZero");foreach (var file in files){// Run inference on the image files// For multiple images, session.Run() can be called in a loop (and// concurrently). Alternatively, images can be batched since the model// accepts batches of image data as input.var tensor = CreateTensorFromImageFile(file);var runner = session.GetRunner();runner.AddInput(graph["input"][0], tensor).Fetch(graph["output"][0]);var output = runner.Run();// output[0].Value() is a vector containing probabilities of// labels for each image in the "batch". The batch size was 1.// Find the most probably label index.var result = output[0];var rshape = result.Shape;if (result.NumDims != 2 || rshape[0] != 1){var shape = "";foreach (var d in rshape){shape += $"{d} ";}shape = shape.Trim();Console.WriteLine($"Error: expected to produce a [1 N] shaped tensor where N is the number of labels, instead it produced one with shape [{shape}]");Environment.Exit(1);}// You can get the data in two ways, as a multi-dimensional array, or arrays of arrays, // code can be nicer to read with one or the other, pick it based on how you want to process// itbool jagged = true;var bestIdx = 0;float p = 0, best = 0;if (jagged){var probabilities = ((float[][])result.GetValue(jagged: true))[0];for (int i = 0; i < probabilities.Length; i++){if (probabilities[i] > best){bestIdx = i;best = probabilities[i];}}}else{var val = (float[,])result.GetValue(jagged: false);// Result is [1,N], flatten arrayfor (int i = 0; i < val.GetLength(1); i++){if (val[0, i] > best){bestIdx = i;best = val[0, i];}}}Console.WriteLine($"{Path.GetFileName(file)} 最佳匹配: [{bestIdx}] {best * 100.0}% 标识为：{labels[bestIdx]}");}}Console.ReadKey();}// Convert the image in filename to a Tensor suitable as input to the Inception model.static TFTensor CreateTensorFromImageFile(string file){var contents = File.ReadAllBytes(file);// DecodeJpeg uses a scalar String-valued tensor as input.var tensor = TFTensor.CreateString(contents);TFGraph graph;TFOutput input, output;// Construct a graph to normalize the imageConstructGraphToNormalizeImage(out graph, out input, out output);// Execute that graph to normalize this one imageusing (var session = new TFSession(graph)){var normalized = session.Run(inputs: new[] { input },inputValues: new[] { tensor },outputs: new[] { output });return normalized[0];}}// The inception model takes as input the image described by a Tensor in a very// specific normalized format (a particular image size, shape of the input tensor,// normalized pixel values etc.).//// This function constructs a graph of TensorFlow operations which takes as// input a JPEG-encoded string and returns a tensor suitable as input to the// inception model.static void ConstructGraphToNormalizeImage(out TFGraph graph, out TFOutput input, out TFOutput output){// Some constants specific to the pre-trained model at:// https://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/models/inception5h.zip//// - The model was trained after with images scaled to 224x224 pixels.// - The colors, represented as R, G, B in 1-byte each were converted to//   float using (value - Mean)/Scale.const int W = 224;const int H = 224;const float Mean = 117;const float Scale = 1;graph = new TFGraph();input = graph.Placeholder(TFDataType.String);output = graph.Div(x: graph.Sub(x: graph.ResizeBilinear(images: graph.ExpandDims(input: graph.Cast(graph.DecodeJpeg(contents: input, channels: 3), DstT: TFDataType.Float),dim: graph.Const(0, "make_batch")),size: graph.Const(new int[] { W, H }, "size")),y: graph.Const(Mean, "mean")),y: graph.Const(Scale, "scale"));}/// <summary>/// 下载初始Graph和标签/// </summary>/// <param name="dir"></param>static void ModelFiles(string dir){string url = "https://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/models/inception5h.zip";modelFile = Path.Combine(dir, "tensorflow_inception_graph.pb");labelsFile = Path.Combine(dir, "imagenet_comp_graph_label_strings.txt");var zipfile = Path.Combine(dir, "inception5h.zip");if (File.Exists(modelFile) && File.Exists(labelsFile))return;Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);var wc = new WebClient();wc.DownloadFile(url, zipfile);ZipFile.ExtractToDirectory(zipfile, dir);File.Delete(zipfile);}}

这里需要注意的是由于需要下载初始Graph和标签，而且是google的站点，所以得使用一些特殊手段。

最终我随便下载了几张图放到bin\Debug\img

然后运行程序，首先确保bin\Debug\tmp文件夹下有tensorflow_inception_graph.pb及imagenet_comp_graph_label_strings.txt。

人工智能的魅力非常大，本文只是一个入门，复制上面的代码，你没法训练模型等等操作。所以道路还是很远，需一步一步来。

更多可以查看 https://github.com/migueldeicaza/TensorFlowSharp 及 https://github.com/tensorflow/models

参考文档：

TensorFlow 官网：https://www.tensorflow.org/get_started/

TensorFlow 中文社区：http://www.tensorfly.cn/

TensorFlow 官方文档中文版：http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/tensorflow-zh/