最近的项目做到关于表格输出的功能，之前用TP的时候也做过，趁着这次功能比较多样的机会整理一下

本文是基于YII2框架进行开发的，不同框架可能会需要更改

一.普通excel格式表格输出

先是最普通的导出.xls格式的表格。首先先看一下表格在网站的显示效果

这里可以看到整个表格一共是7列。下面来看代码的实现。

1.controller文件

//导出统计public function actionStatistics(){//设置内存ini_set("memory_limit", "2048M");set_time_limit(0);//获取用户ID$id         =   Yii::$app->user->identity->getId();//去用户表获取用户信息$user       =   Employee::find()->where(['id'=>$id])->one();//获取传过来的信息（时间，公司ID之类的，根据需要查询资料生成表格）$params     =   Yii::$app->request->get();$objectPHPExcel = new \PHPExcel();//设置表格头的输出$objectPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex()->setCellValue('A1', '代理公司');$objectPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex()->setCellValue('B1', '收入');$objectPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex()->setCellValue('C1', '成本');$objectPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex()->setCellValue('D1', '稿件数');$objectPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex()->setCellValue('E1', '毛利（收入-成本）');$objectPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex()->setCellValue('F1', '毛利率（毛利/收入）*100%');$objectPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex()->setCellValue('G1', 'ARPU值');//跳转到recharge这个model文件的statistics方法去处理数据$data = Recharge::statistics($params);//指定开始输出数据的行数$n = 2;foreach ($data as $v){$objectPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A'.($n) ,$v['company_name']);$objectPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('B'.($n) ,$v['company_cost']);$objectPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('C'.($n) ,$v['cost']);$objectPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('D'.($n) ,$v['num']);$objectPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('E'.($n) ,$v['gross_margin']);$objectPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('F'.($n) ,$v['gross_profit_rate']);$objectPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('G'.($n) ,$v['arpu']);$n = $n +1;}ob_end_clean();ob_start();header('Content-Type : application/vnd.ms-excel');//设置输出文件名及格式header('Content-Disposition:attachment;filename="代理公司统计'.date("YmdHis").'.xls"');//导出.xls格式的话使用Excel5,若是想导出.xlsx需要使用Excel2007$objWriter= \PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter($objectPHPExcel,'Excel5');$objWriter->save('php://output');ob_end_flush();//清空数据缓存unset($data);}

2.model文件

<?php
namespace app\models;//model层的命名空间//注意要引用yii的arrayhelper
use yii\helpers\ArrayHelper;
use Yii;class Recharge extends \yii\db\ActiveRecord
{//excel一次导出条数const EXCEL_SIZE = 10000;//统计导出public static function statistics($params){//导出时间条件if(empty($params['min'])){$date_max = date("Y-m-d",strtotime("-1 day"));$date_min = date("Y-m-d",strtotime("-31 day"));}else{$date_min = $params['min'];$date_max = $params['max'];}$where = '';$where .= '(`issue_date` BETWEEN '.'\''.$date_min.'\''.' AND '.'\''.$date_max.'\')';//查找指定数据$sql = 'selectarticle.company_id,article.cost,article.company_costfrom article WHERE article.status=2 AND '.$where;$article = Article::findBySql($sql)->asArray()->all();$article = ArrayHelper::index($article,null,'company_id');$companys = [];foreach ($article as $key=>$v){if(empty($key)){continue;}else{$number         =   count($v);$company        =   Company::find()->where(['id'=>$key])->select('name')->one();$company_name   =   $company['name'];$cost           =   0;$company_cost   =   0;foreach ($v as $n){$cost += $n['cost'];$company_cost += $n['company_cost'];}if($company_cost == 0){$company_cost =1;}//这里注意，数据的存储顺序要和输出的表格里的顺序一样$companys[] = [//公司名'company_name'      =>  $company_name,//收入'company_cost'      =>  $company_cost,//成本'cost'              =>  $cost,//稿件数'num'               =>  $number,//毛利'gross_margin'      =>  $company_cost-$cost,//毛利率'gross_profit_rate' =>  round(($company_cost-$cost)/$company_cost*100,2).'%',//ARPU值'arpu'              =>  round($company_cost/$number,2),];}}return $companys;}
}

最终导出的效果（单元格大小导出后调整过）可以看到和网页显示的基本一样。

二.大数据表格导出

这时老板说了，我们不能只看总和的数据，最好是把详细数据也给导出来。既然老板发话了，那就做吧。还是按照第一种的方法去做，结果提示我php崩溃了，再试一次发现提示写入字节超出。打开php的配置文件php.ini

memory_limit = 128M

发现默认内存已经给到128M，应该是足够的了。于是我打开数据库一看，嚯！

接近83万条的数据进行查询并导出，可不是会出问题嘛！怎么办呢，于是我Google了一下，发现对于大数据(2万条以上)的导出，最好是以.csv的形式。不说废话，直接上代码

1.controller文件

 //导出清单public function actionInventory(){ini_set("memory_limit", "2048M");set_time_limit(0);$id         =   Yii::$app->user->identity->getId();$user       =   Employee::find()->where(['id'=>$id])->one();$params     =   Yii::$app->request->get();//类似的，跳转到recharge这个model文件里的inventory方法去处理数据$data       =   Recharge::inventory($params);//设置导出的文件名$fileName   =   iconv('utf-8', 'gbk', '代理商统计清单'.date("Y-m-d"));//设置表头$headlist   =   array('代理商','文章ID','文章标题','媒体','统计时间范围','状态','创建时间','审核时间','发稿时间','退稿时间','财务状态','成本','销售额','是否是预收款媒体类型','订单类别');header('Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel');//指明导出的格式header('Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="'.$fileName.'.csv"');header('Cache-Control: max-age=0');//打开PHP文件句柄,php://output 表示直接输出到浏览器$fp = fopen('php://output', 'a');//输出Excel列名信息foreach ($headlist as $key => $value) {//CSV的Excel支持GBK编码，一定要转换，否则乱码$headlist[$key] = iconv('utf-8', 'gbk', $value);}//将数据通过fputcsv写到文件句柄fputcsv($fp, $headlist);//每隔$limit行，刷新一下输出buffer，不要太大，也不要太小$limit = 100000;//逐行取出数据，不浪费内存foreach ($data as $k => $v) {//刷新一下输出buffer，防止由于数据过多造成问题if ($k % $limit == 0 && $k!=0) {ob_flush();flush();}$row = $data[$k];foreach ($row as $key => $value) {$row[$key] = iconv('utf-8', 'gbk', $value);}fputcsv($fp, $row);}}

2.model文件（因为这部分我要处理的过多，所以只选择了部分代码），在查询数据那部分，因为要查的数据较多，所以可以结合我之前写的关于Mysql大数据查询处理的文章看一下

PHP

//清单导出public static function inventory($params){//统计时间范围if(!empty($params['min']) && !empty($params['max'])){$ti = strtotime($params['max'])+3600*24;$max = date('Y-m-d',$ti);$time = $params['min'].'-'.$params['max'];$date_min = $params['min'];$date_max = $max;}else{$date_max = date('Y-m-d');$date_min = date('Y-m-d',strtotime("-31 day"));$time = $date_min.'-'.$date_max;}//查询数据if($params['state'] == 1){$where  = '';$where .= ' AND (`issue_date` BETWEEN '.'\''.$date_min.'\''.' AND '.'\''.$date_max.'\')';$map = 'selectcompany.name,article.id,article.title,media.media_name,article.status,article.created,article.audit_at,article.issue_date,article.back_date,article.finance_status,article.cost,article.company_cost,media.is_advancefrom articleLEFT JOIN custom_package ON custom_package.id = article.custom_package_idLEFT JOIN `order`        ON custom_package.order_id = `order`.`id`LEFT JOIN company        ON company.id = article.company_idLEFT JOIN media          ON media.id = article.media_idwhere article.status=2   and `order`.package=0'.$where;//查找的第一部分数据，使用asArray方法可以使我们查找的结果直接形成数组的形式，没有其他多余的数据占空间（注意：我这里查找分三部分是因为我要查三种不同的数据）$list1   = Article::findBySql($map)->asArray()->all();$where2  = '';$where2 .= ' AND (`issue_date` BETWEEN '.'\''.$date_min.'\''.' AND '.'\''.$date_max.'\')';$where2 .= ' AND (`back_date` > \''.$date_max.'\')';$map2 = 'selectcompany.name,article.id,article.title,media.media_name,article.status,article.created,article.audit_at,article.issue_date,article.back_date,article.finance_status,article.cost,article.company_cost,media.is_advancefrom articleLEFT JOIN custom_package ON custom_package.id = article.custom_package_idLEFT JOIN `order`        ON custom_package.order_id = `order`.`id`LEFT JOIN company        ON company.id = article.company_idLEFT JOIN media          ON media.id = article.media_idwhere article.status=3   and `order`.package=0 '.$where2;//查找的第二部分数据$list2 = Article::findBySql($map2)->asArray()->all();$where3 = '';$where3 .= ' AND (`issue_date` BETWEEN '.'\''.$date_min.'\''.' AND '.'\''.$date_max.'\')';$map3 = 'selectcompany.name,article.id,article.title,media.media_name,article.status,article.created,article.audit_at,article.issue_date,article.back_date,article.finance_status,article.cost,article.company_cost,media.is_advancefrom articleLEFT JOIN custom_package ON custom_package.id = article.custom_package_idLEFT JOIN `order`        ON custom_package.order_id = `order`.`id`LEFT JOIN company        ON company.id = article.company_idLEFT JOIN media          ON media.id = article.media_idwhere article.status=5 '.$where3;//查找的第三部分数据$list3 = Article::findBySql($map3)->asArray()->all();$list4 = ArrayHelper::merge($list1,$list2);$list = ArrayHelper::merge($list4,$list3);}//把结果按照显示顺序存到返回的数组中if(!empty($list)){foreach ($list as $key => $value){//代理公司$inventory[$key]['company_name']    =   $value['name'];//文章ID$inventory[$key]['id']              =   $value['id'];//文章标题$inventory[$key]['title']           =   $value['title'];//媒体$inventory[$key]['media']           =   $value['media_name'];//统计时间$inventory[$key]['time']            =   $time;//状态switch($value['status']){case 2:$inventory[$key]['status']  = '已发布';break;case 3:$inventory[$key]['status']  = '已退稿';break;case 5:$inventory[$key]['status']  = '异常稿件';break;}//创建时间$inventory[$key]['created']         =   $value['created'];//审核时间$inventory[$key]['audit']           = $value['audit_at'];//发稿时间$inventory[$key]['issue_date']      = $value['issue_date'];//退稿时间$inventory[$key]['back_date']       = $value['back_date'];//财务状态switch($value['finance_status']){case 0:$inventory[$key]['finance_status'] = '未到结算期';break;case 1:$inventory[$key]['finance_status'] = '可结算';break;case 2:$inventory[$key]['finance_status'] = '资源审批中';break;case 3:$inventory[$key]['finance_status'] = '财务审批中';break;case 4:$inventory[$key]['finance_status'] = '已结款';break;case 5:$inventory[$key]['finance_status'] = '未通过';break;case 6:$inventory[$key]['finance_status'] = '财务已审批';break;}//成本$inventory[$key]['cost']            = $value['cost'];//销售额$inventory[$key]['company_cost']    = $value['company_cost'];//是否是预售switch($value['is_advance']){case 0:$inventory[$key]['is_advance']   = '否';break;case 1:$inventory[$key]['is_advance']   = '是';break;case 2:$inventory[$key]['is_advance']   = '合同';break;}//订单类别switch($params['state']){case 1:$inventory[$key]['order_type'] = '时间区间无退稿完成订单';break;case 2:$inventory[$key]['order_type'] = '时间区间发布前退稿订单';break;case 3:$inventory[$key]['order_type'] = '时间区间发布后时间区间退稿订单';break;case 4:$inventory[$key]['order_type'] = '时间区间之前发布时间区间内退稿订单';break;case 5:$inventory[$key]['order_type'] = '异常订单';break;}}}else{$inventory[0]['company_name']    =   '无数据导出';}return $inventory;}

3.导出结果

导出数量

导出的文件

基本上可以保证整个过程在2~4秒内处理完成

三.合并单元格

老板一看做的不错，说你顺便把充值统计的导出也做了把，想想我都是处理过这么多数据的人了，还不是分分钟搞定的事？来，上原型图

噗，一口老血，话都说了，搞吧。在做的时候我发现，这次的导出主要是要解决单元格合并的问题。经过查资料发现，PHP本身是实现不了单元格合并的，于是我打算通过phpexcel来实现

如果是使用PHPExcel的话，基本操作是这样的（合并A1到E1）

$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->mergeCells('A1:E1');
// 表格填充内容
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A1','The quick brown fox.');

结果

或者这样的（合并A1到E4）

$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->mergeCells('A1:E4');
$objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A1','The quick brown fox.');

结果

这样并不能满足我的要求，首先它是一个一个合并的，其次我要显示的充值金额下面的类型是会变化的，不可能固定写死，然后每次都更改。所以放弃了这种方法。

后来在小伙伴的帮助下尝试用html转存excel的方法

1.方法文件（因为我要每天定时执行，所以并没有写到controller层）

public function actionExcelRechargeStatistics(){//先定义一个excel文件$filename   =   date('【充值统计表】('.date('Y-m-d').'导出)').".xls";header("Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-execl");header("Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel; charset=utf-8");header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=$filename");header("Pragma: no-cache");header("Expires: 0");//时间条件if(empty($params['min'])){$time       =   date('Y-m-d',strtotime("+1 day"));$where      =   ' created < \' '.$time.'\'';}else{$time       =   $params['min']+3600*24;$time_end   =   $params['max']+3600*24;$where      =   ' created <= \' '.$time_end.'\' AND created >= \''.$time.'\' ';}//充值类型列表$recharge_type  =   Recharge::find()->asArray()->all();if(empty($recharge_type)){$rechargelist[0]=   '';}else{$rechargelist   =   ArrayHelper::map($recharge_type,'id','recharge_name');}$rechargelist1      =   $rechargelist;$count              =   count($rechargelist1);//使用html语句生成显示的格式$excel_content      =   '<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="application/ms-excel; charset=utf-8"/>';$excel_content     .=   '<table border="1" style="font-size:14px;">';$excel_content     .=   '<thead><tr><th rowspan="2">ID</th><th rowspan="2">公司名称</th><th colspan='.$count.'>充值金额</th><th rowspan="2">充值大小</th><th rowspan="2">实际消费</th><th rowspan="2">当前余额</th></tr><tr>';foreach ($rechargelist1 as $v => $t){$excel_content     .=   '<th colspan="1">'.$t.'</th>';}$excel_content     .=   '</tr></thead>';//查找最新的固化数据$search = RechargeStatistics::find()->where($where)->asArray()->all();if(!empty($search)){foreach ($search as $key => $value){$search[$key]['recharge'] = unserialize($value['recharge']);}}//html语句填充数据if(empty($search)){}else{foreach ($search as $k) {$excel_content  .= '<td>'.$k['company_id'].'</td>';$excel_content  .= '<td>'.$k['company_name'].'</td>';foreach ($rechargelist1 as $v=>$t){$price = 0;foreach ($k['recharge'] as $q=>$w){if($w['recharge_id'] == $v){$price = $w['price'];break;}}$excel_content  .= '<td>'.$price.'</td>';}$excel_content  .= '<td>'.$k['total'].'</td>';$excel_content  .= '<td>'.$k['consume'].'</td>';$excel_content  .= '<td>'.($k['total']-$k['consume']).'</td></tr>';}}$excel_content  .=  '</table>';echo $excel_content;die;
}

2.结果

到这里基本就完成所有的任务了！