分两个阶段描述，第一阶段改sid，第二阶段改dbname

下面描述详细步骤

首先要更改sid

1、登录数据库查看先前的sid，总共三步

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 9 05:53:08 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  539848704 bytes

Fixed Size                  1337748 bytes

Variable Size             360711788 bytes

Database Buffers          171966464 bytes

Redo Buffers                5832704 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> select instance from v$thread ;

INSTANCE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

orcl

2、关闭数据库

[sql] view plaincopyprint?

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

3、编辑/etc/oratab文件，把所有orcl换成mzh

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /etc/oratab

4、更改oracle用户的 .bash_profile文件

[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile

5、使改好的.bash_profile文件生效

:%s/oral/mzh/g

[oracle@localhost ~]$ . .bash_profile

7、查看系统环境变量

[oracle@localhost ~]$ env |grep ORACLE

ORACLE_SID=mzh

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle

效果一生成。

8、进入$ORACLE_HOME/dbs查看目录，看那些有orcl

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ll

total 64

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Jun 29 00:35 hc_DBUA0.dat

-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Aug  9 05:56 hc_mzh.dat

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15  2009 init.ora

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   24 Aug  8 06:46 lkHXY

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   24 Jun 29 00:47 lkMZH

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Aug  9 06:09 orapwmzh

drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 28 22:50 peshm_DBUA0_0

drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug  8 06:45 peshm_hxy_0

drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 28 23:02 peshm_mzh_0

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Aug  9 05:53 spfilemzh.ora

9、更改文件名orcr>> mzh，ORCL>>MZH，命令如下：

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv hc_orcl.dat hc_mzh.dat

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapwmzh

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv lkORCL lkMZH

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv peshm_orcl_0/ peshm_mzh_0/

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora spfilemzh.ora

10、重行生成密码文件，并查看

注意最好把原来的删除掉

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=sys entries=5 force=y

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls -lrt orap*

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Aug  9 06:09 orapwmzh

11、登录数据库，并查看实例名字，结果表明sid已由orcl变成mzh了

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  539848704 bytes

Fixed Size                  1337748 bytes

Variable Size             327157356 bytes

Database Buffers          205520896 bytes

Redo Buffers                5832704 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> select instance from v$thread   ;

INSTANCE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

mzh

接着开始第二部分，更改数据库名dbname

2.1备份控制文件

SQL>  alter database backup controlfile to trace resetlogs;

Database altered.

2.2关闭并退出数据库

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

2.3 orcale 11.2g的控制文件的备份目录为

/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace

[oracle@localhost trace]$ ls -lrt

[oracle@mazh dbs]$ ls /u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace -lrth

total 116K

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  259 Aug  8 06:45 mzh_ora_4808.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  15K Aug  8 06:45 mzh_ora_4808.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   57 Aug  8 06:46 mzh_mman_4845.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  796 Aug  8 06:46 mzh_mman_4845.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   57 Aug  8 06:46 mzh_dbrm_4839.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  839 Aug  8 06:46 mzh_dbrm_4839.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   57 Aug  8 06:46 mzh_mmon_4857.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  833 Aug  8 06:46 mzh_mmon_4857.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   67 Aug  8 06:46 mzh_j004_4909.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  912 Aug  8 06:46 mzh_j004_4909.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  112 Aug  8 06:47 mzh_j000_4900.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.8K Aug  8 06:47 mzh_j000_4900.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   67 Aug  8 06:58 mzh_ckpt_4851.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  905 Aug  8 06:58 mzh_ckpt_4851.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   78 Aug  8 06:58 mzh_j000_5233.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.8K Aug  8 06:58 mzh_j000_5233.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   57 Aug  8 08:04 mzh_j000_7066.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.1K Aug  8 08:04 mzh_j000_7066.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  139 Aug  8 08:43 mzh_vktm_4831.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.9K Aug  8 08:43 mzh_vktm_4831.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  407 Aug  8 08:43 mzh_ora_4871.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.3K Aug  8 08:43 mzh_ora_4871.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.2K Aug  8 08:43 alert_mzh.log

[oracle@localhost trace]$ vim alert_mzh.log

可以在 alter_mzh.log里找到contolfile的备份trc，sid_ora_nnnn.trc 最新的一个就是。

alter_mzh.log里面有这样一行字样，告诉你哪个是控制备份文件

Backup controlfile written to trace file /u01/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/mzh/trace/mzh_ora_4871.trc

2.5复制一份

[oracle@localhost trace]$ cp mzh_ora_4871.trc mzh.sql

2.6编辑 mzh.sql,也就是mzh_ora_4871.trc的复制品。

1)查找STARTUP NOMOUNT语句，将这一行上面的所有行都删除

2)查找所有以--开始的行，把这些行删除

3)查找所有的orcl修改为mzh，所有的ORCL修改为mzh

4)找到CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE...语句，将其中的REUSE修改为SET

5)找到RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE语句，将其用双横线(--)注释掉

结果如下：

[oracle@mazh dbs]$ cat /u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace/mzh.sql

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "MZH" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/system01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/sysaux01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/undotbs01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/users01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/example01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

;

--RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 30408704  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;

2.7生成配置文件

[oracle@localhost trace]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create pfile='?/dbs/initmzh.ora' from spfile;

File created.

SQL> exit

Disconnected

2.8目录更改，这里和oracle 10g不一样，要注意。

[sql] view plaincopyprint?

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls

admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  flash_recovery_area  oradata  product

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd flash_recovery_area/

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ ls

orcl  ORCL

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ mv orcl/ mzh/

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ mv ORCL/ mzh/

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls

admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  flash_recovery_area  oradata  product

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd oradata/

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls

orcl

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ mv orcl/ mzh/

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls

mzh

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls

admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  flash_recovery_area  oradata  product

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd diag/

[oracle@localhost diag]$ ls

rdbms  tnslsnr

[oracle@localhost diag]$ cd rdbms/

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ ls

orcl

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ mv orcl/ mzh/

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ ls

mzh

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd mzh

[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls

i_1.mif  mzh

[oracle@localhost mzh]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost diag]$ ls

rdbms  tnslsnr

[oracle@localhost diag]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd admin/

[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls

orcl

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cd orcl/

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls

adump  dpdump  pfile

[oracle@localhost orcl]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost admin]$ mv orcl/ mzh/

[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls

mzh

[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>

2.9删除的控制文件。

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd mzh/

[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls

control01.ctl  redo01.log  redo03.log    system01.dbf  undotbs01.dbf

example01.dbf  redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  temp01.dbf    users01.dbf

[oracle@localhost mzh]$ mv control01.ctl control01.ctl.aaa

[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls

control01.ctl.aaa  redo01.log  redo03.log    system01.dbf  undotbs01.dbf

example01.dbf      redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  temp01.dbf    users01.dbf

[oracle@localhost mzh]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls

mzh

[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd ..

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls

admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  flash_recovery_area  oradata  product

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd flash_recovery_area/

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ ls

mzh  mzh

[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ cd mzh/

[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls

control02.ctl

[oracle@localhost mzh]$ mv control02.ctl control02.ctl.aaa

2.10登录oracle生成spfile文件

[sql] view plaincopyprint?

[oracle@localhost mzh]$  sqlplus / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile='?/dbs/initmzh.ora';

File created.

2.11调用前面步骤修改好的mzh.sql，目的是生成链接控制文件等

SQL> @/u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace/mzh.sql

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  539848704 bytes

Fixed Size                  1337748 bytes

Variable Size             327157356 bytes

Database Buffers          205520896 bytes

Redo Buffers                5832704 bytes

Control file created.

Database altered.

Tablespace altered.

2.12查看结果

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE

--------------------

READ WRITE

SQL> show parameter name

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_file_name_convert                 string

db_name                              string      mzh

db_unique_name                       string      mzh

global_names                         boolean     FALSE

instance_name                        string      mzh

lock_name_space                      string

log_file_name_convert                string

service_names                        string      mzh.localdomain

SQL> select name from v$database;

NAME

---------

mzh

SQL>

有个小插曲在SQL> @/u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace/mzh.sql 时报错如下：[oracle@mazh trace]$  sqlplus "/as sysdba"SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 9 09:03:56 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.ERROR:ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail fileLinux Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 9925ORA-01075: you are currently logged onEnter user-name:ERROR:ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon deniedEnter user-name:ERROR:ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon deniedSP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus[oracle@mazh trace]$ ps -ef|grep smoroot       470     7  0 07:10 ?        00:00:00 [kpsmoused]oracle    5236     1  0 09:01 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_mzhoracle    5263  5047  0 09:04 pts/2    00:00:00 grep smo[oracle@mazh trace]$ kill -9 5236[oracle@mazh trace]$ ps -ef|grep smoroot       470     7  0 07:10 ?        00:00:00 [kpsmoused]oracle    5265  5047  0 09:04 pts/2    00:00:00 grep smo[oracle@mazh trace]$  sqlplus "/as sysdba"SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 9 09:04:36 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> @mzh1.sqlORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail fileLinux Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 9925CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "MZH" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01012: not logged onProcess ID: 0Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01012: not logged onProcess ID: 0Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/temp01.dbf'*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01012: not logged onProcess ID: 0Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0在网上找了各种方法都不行，后来发现是/u01/app/oracle/dbs/initmzh.ora里的参数竟然捣的鬼

以下什么原因导致的还不是很清楚，请各位高手给与指点下。[oracle@mazh trace]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/dbs/initmzh.oraorcl.__db_cache_size=83886080orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environmentorcl.__pga_aggregate_target=79691776orcl.__sga_target=239075328orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0orcl.__shared_pool_size=138412032orcl.__streams_pool_size=4194304mzh.__db_cache_size=83886080mzh.__java_pool_size=4194304mzh.__large_pool_size=4194304mzh.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environmentmzh.__pga_aggregate_target=79691776mzh.__sga_target=239075328mzh.__shared_io_pool_size=0mzh.__shared_pool_size=109051904mzh.__streams_pool_size=0*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/admin/mzh/adump'*.audit_trail='db'*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'*.control_files='/u01/app/oradata/mzh/control01.ctl','/u01/app/flash_recovery_area/mzh/control02.ctl'*.db_block_size=8192*.db_domain=''*.db_name='mzh'*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/flash_recovery_area'*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app'*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=mzhXDB)'*.open_cursors=300*.pga_aggregate_target=78643200*.processes=150*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'*.sga_target=235929600*.timed_statistics=TRUE*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'