PMI-ACP练习题(22)

1、Ethan and his team just highlighted two processes that each have a lead time an order of magnitude more than any other processes in the system. When an agile team uses value stream mapping like Ethan’s team it is an example of a A. Product roadmap B. Kanban board C. Process analysis technique D. Iteration plan 伊桑的团队着重两个流程，这两个流程都有前置时间，比系统中的其他任何流程都重要。他们团队的价值流程图是以下哪一项的例子？

A：产品路线图
B：看板
C：过程分析技术
D：迭代计划

C解析：价值流程图是一项协作性地流程分析技能，一支功能多样的团队绘制一个流程来识别浪费发生的地方并且确认可完善的地方。它是流程分析技能的一个例子。和价值流程图类似，流程图也用于绘制一个流程来识别瓶颈（即流程会减缓和产生库存的地方）。

2、In agile and other project management styles, team motivation is a critical factor for success. What is one method to improve team motivation? A. Providing minimal leadership B. Providing a forum for anonymous criticism C. Providing constructive feedback D. Providing minimal supervision 在敏捷和其他项目管理类型中，团队激励是成功的关键因素，提高团队激励的一个方法是

A：尽可能少的提供领导力
B：提供匿名批评的讨论机会
C：提供有建设性的反馈
D：少监督

C解析：此题可以用排除法，少的领导力或者少的监督并不能提高团队激励，而批评是敏捷所不提倡的方法

3、Stacey intends to schedule a brainstorming session to generate ideas that may help solve some of the team’s current issues. Which of the following is NOT a good brainstorming technique that Stacey should use? A.Leaving participants in the dark until the day of the meeting to add an element of surprise B.Having a multidisciplinary/diverse group so that many different perspectives are available C.Sending participants’preparatory material, so they know what to expect and what is expected of them D.Having an engaging and experienced facilitator lead the brainstorming session Stacey打算安排一次头脑风暴会议来激发创意的产生，以解决团队最近面临的一些问题。Stacey不应该采用下列哪一种方法呢？

A：让参与者在会议之前都蒙在鼓里以制造惊喜
B：让多领域或多样化群体参与，这样可以从不同视角出发
C：给参与者提前发送准备好的材料，这样让他们知道期望做什么以及他们被期望做什么
D：有一个吸引人的和经验丰富的主持人引导头脑风暴会议

A解析：一个成功的头脑风暴环节应尽量遵循以下要点：在中立和舒适的环境中进行会议。由一名有趣且有经验的引导者来主持头脑风暴会议。提前向参与者分发包括目标，安排和基本原则的文件。由一个多领域/多样化的团队组成排除任何会阻碍思想产生的评论。

4、Andy and his team are in the middle of iteration planning. The team has identified from one user story eight required tasks. Approximately how long should each task take to develop or execute? A. Exactly one hour B. Less than two hours C. Between four hours and two days D. Five business days 安迪和他的团队正在进行迭代计划，他们从一个用户故事中识别出8个任务，那么每一项任务开发或者执行所需时长大约是

A：一小时整
B：少于两小时
C：四小时到两天之间
D：五个工作日

C解析：为便于管理、计划和监控，估算任务持续时长的经验是每一项任务的时间大约为四小时到两天。

5、What delivery concept does agile pride itself on and having a definition of frequent delivery of working products, which are successively improved, to a customer for immediate feedback and acceptance? A. Iterative delivery B. Sprint delivery C. Incremental delivery D. Cyclical delivery 以下哪一项交付概念，是敏捷引以为豪的，并被定义为及时反馈和接纳，频繁向客户交付可持续改进的工作产品？

A：迭代交付
B：冲刺交付
C：增量交付
D：循环交付

C解析：增量交付是指为及时反馈和接纳，频繁向客户交付连续改善的工作产品。为演示和反馈，往往在每一个冲刺或迭代的末期交付产品。这项反馈技能，可使客户评价产品并提出新的需求。

6、Mike, as the product owner, likes being able to provide immediate feedback to the agile team regarding the latest version of a product. Although Mike has other opportunities to provide feedback, like in the daily stand-up meeting and during iteration planning, this particular type occurs after the delivery of a new product which occurs at frequent, set intervals. What type of delivery concept provides this type of customer feedback? A. Iteration delivery B. Defect reduction delivery C. Prototype delivery D. Incremental delivery 产品负责人迈克，倾向于对产品的最新版本向敏捷团队提供及时反馈。虽然迈克还有其他途径可提供反馈，比如在每日站立会议上和在迭代计划期间，但是这种方式仍会经常在新产品交付后发生。以下哪一类型的交付概念提供这种客户反馈？

A：迭代交付
B：缺陷降低交付
C：原型交付
D：增量交付

D解析：增量交付往往是在每一个冲刺或迭代的末期对交付产品提供反馈，使客户评价产品并提出新的需求，以确保客户得到有价值和质量的产品。

7、From the following, select a technique that promotes agile knowledge sharing A. Extreme programming B. Couple programming C. Pare programming D. Pair programming 以下的选项中可促进敏捷知识分享的技巧是

A：极限编程
B：联合编程
C：削减编程
D：结对编程

D解析：为了促进知识分享，敏捷采用标准实践如下：跨职能团队，自主管理和自我约束团队，协作，每日站立会议，迭代/冲刺计划，发布计划，结对编程项目回顾/反思现场客户支持。

8、Hank and his agile team are defining what it means when a feature is to be considered finished and theoretically ready for delivery. What is Hank and his agile team working on? A. Its definition of release B. Its definition of ship C. Its definition of done in concert with the product owner D. Its definition of delivery readiness 汉克和他的敏捷团队正在定义完成和准备交付的特征的含义，他们在进行的是

A：发布的定义
B：可传输性的定义
C：与产品负责人定义完成的标准
D：交付准备就绪的定义

C解析：对定义完成的描述

9、When defining an iteration length, what details should a team focus on? A. Delivering valuable chunks of product functionality, story definition and development, and customer acceptance of stories. B. Delivering valuable chunks of untested code, expected task complexity, and customer acceptance of stories. C. Average team velocity, financial calendar quarter schedule, and the build, test, design process. D. Delivering valuable chunks of untested code, story definition and development, and customer acceptance of stories. 在定义迭代长度时，敏捷团队应关注以下哪些细节？

A：提供有价值的产品功能，故事定义和开发，以及客户验收。
B：提供有价值的未测试代码，预期任务复杂性，以及客户验收。
C：团队平均速度，季度财务日志，以及建立，测试和设计过程。
D：提供有价值的未测试代码，故事定义和开发，以及客户验收。

A解析：在定义迭代长度时，敏捷团队应思考如何交付大量有价值的产品设计目的，故事定义和开发，以及客户接受的故事。

10、Vanessa is reviewing her team’s risk burndown chart. She notices that the severity for all identified risks are counting to grow in value. What does this mean briefly? A. That project risk is not successfully being mitigated B. That project risk is remaining static C. That project risk is not an area of concern D. That project risk is successfully being mitigated Vanessa在查看团队的风险燃尽图。她注意到已识别的风险的严重程度在逐步升值。这意味着什么？

A：项目风险没被成功地减轻
B：项目风险保持静态
C：项目风险不是被关注的区域
D：项目风险被成功地减轻

A解析：风险严重程度上升，说明风险没有被成功减轻

11、What is rolling wave planning and how does it relate to progressive elaboration? A. Rolling wave planning involves planning for an entire release at the beginning of a project. Progressive elaboration assumes that while customer requirements may change, they will not impact the initial rolling wave plan. B. Rolling wave planning involves a retrospective review of plans from the previous two iterations. Momentum from these two iterations, typically interpreted as velocity, from a prediction wave which can be used to plan the next iteration. Progressive elaboration assumes that the wave will grow in power as the project progresses. C. Rolling wave planning involves planning in waves or phases. Only the next few iterations are planned in detail and iterations more distant are planned only at a high-level. Progressive elaboration is continuous planning that assumes that details and requirements will be better refined later and will be incorporated into the planning process at the appropriate time D. Rolling wave planning and progressive elaboration are both antiquated traditional project management planning techniques. 滚动计划的定义以及和逐步完善的关系是

A：滚动计划在项目初期整体发布。逐步完善则当客户需求改变时进行变更，这些需求不会影响滚动计划。
B：滚动计划会对前两个迭代计划进行回顾审查，根据这两次迭代的速度，作为下一次迭代速度的参考。逐步完善则随着项目的进展浮动会增长
C：滚动计划包括部分波动性和阶段性的计划。只有针对近期迭代会做详细计划，而时间较远的迭代则只做粗略计划。逐步完善则假定细节和需求会逐步得到改善，并且会适时纳入规划过程中。
D：滚动计划和逐步完善都是过时的、传统的项目管理计划方法。

C解析：滚动计划（或计划前滚动rolling look ahead planning）包括部分波动性和阶段性的计划，尤其是在大型复杂的项目中作用明显。只有未来几个迭代会作细节计划，而时间较远的迭代则只作高层次计划。逐步完善则假定细节和需求会逐步得到改良，并且会适时融入到计划中。

12、Kathy, the head of a multi-national corporation,is considering hiring an agile team to develop a new database system.However,the agile team Kathy is working with tells her that estimating final cost can be difficult.Why is it more difficult to estimate cost on an agile project? A. Because agile welcome the changing scope that customers may request to stay relevant in the marketplace. B. Because customers have little experience with the agile quality to cost and value triangle C. Because the cost of product development is not fixed. D. Because agile works outside the purview of a fixed schedule. Kathy是一个跨国公司的领导，正考虑雇佣一个敏捷团队来研发一个新的数据库系统。然而，与Kathy一起工作中的敏捷团队则告诉她很难估算最终成本。为什么说在一个敏捷项目中，估算成本是件困难的事？

A：因为敏捷乐于接受由于顾客需求与市场保持紧密联系而不断发生变化的范围
B：因为顾客对敏捷的质量成本和价值三角缺乏经验
C：因为产品开发成本不固定
D：因为敏捷在固定的进度范围之外工作

A解析：敏捷是拥抱变化的，但变动的范围使总成本的估算更艰难。

13、How are planning poker and affinity estimating similar? A. They are both methods used in agile to estimate task difficulty B. They are both methods used in agile to estimate risk C. They are both methods used in agile to estimate value D. They are both methods used in agile for relative sizing of the work effort involved for developing user stories 计划扑克和亲和估算的相同点是？

A：两者都是敏捷中估算任务难度的方法。
B：两者都是敏捷中估算风险的方法。
C：两者都是敏捷中估算价值的方法。
D：两者都是敏捷中用于估算用户故事相对工作量的方法。

D解析：敏捷扑克和亲和估算在敏捷中都是用来进行故事点估算的

14、Jessica is using active listening to help her agile team member work through a design challenge she is facing. In this context, what agile knowledge and skill area does active listening fall under? A. Problem-mitigation strategies, tools, and techniques B. Problem-solving strategies, tools, and techniques C. Problem-reversing strategies, tools, and techniques D. Problem-saturation strategies, tools, and techniques Jessica采用积极倾听的方式去帮助她的敏捷团队度过正面临的设计难关。在这种情景中，积极倾听归属于哪方面的敏捷知识和技术？

A：问题缓解策略、工具和技术
B：问题解决策略、工具和技术
C：问题逆转策略、工具和技术
D：问题饱和策略、工具和技术

B解析：部分常见的问题解决技能包括：大声提问；再次讨论问题； 5Y；持不同意见的人；保持善良，开放；提问探究性问题；积极聆听。

15、Henry and his agile team have just made a group decision about how many features to build, test, and integrate in the upcoming sprint. What type of decision making model is it when a team makes decisions collaboratively? A. Exclusive B. Participatory C. Inclusive D. Merit 亨利和他的团队刚刚对即将进行的迭代所需要的建立、测试和集成几个特征进行决策，在此团队协作中进行决策时所使用的决策模式是

A：排他性
B：参与性
C：包容性
D：长处性

B解析：敏捷在很大程度上认为团队成员协作决策的参与性式策模式有助于在团队内建立信任。这也被称为集体所有权，自主管理和自我约束。在集体所有权中，团队成员集体对项目结果负责，并被授权参与决策和解决问题。

16、Which of the following is the best definition of an agile leader? A. Someone who delegates all tasks to the development team without any collaboration B. Someone who empowers the development team to take ownership of the product and make important decisions in a collaborative environment C. Someone who retains control of key decisions and delegates all functions and tasks to team members. D. Someone who empowers the development team to make inconsequential decisions to give it the feeling of self-organization. 以下哪一项是对敏捷领导人的最佳定义？

A：是指把所有任务委托给没有任何合作的开发团队
B：是指授权开发团队使其获得产品的所有权，并在一个协作环境中做重大决策的人
C：是指保持对主要决策的控制，并把所有功能和任务托付给团队成员的人
D：是指授权开发小组做无关紧要的决定，让大家感觉是在进行自我组织的人。

B解析：敏捷授权团队拥有产品的所有权并承担责任，同时可自行决策。

17、The agile triangle includes what three parameters? A. Cost ,scope ,value B. Scope ,schedule ,constraints C. Value ,quality ,constraints D. Scope ,cost ,schedule 敏捷三角包含了哪三个参数

A：成本，范围，价值
B：范围，规划，约束
C：价值，质量，约束
D：范围，成本，进度

C解析：传统的铁三角包括的参数是范围，进度和成本；而价值，质量和约束是敏捷三角的参数，敏捷铁三角的参数是进度、范围、时间

18、Henry is explaining the concept of servant leadership to key stakeholders. Which of the following is the best definition of servant leadership? A. Being attentive to the needs of the scrum master B. Being aware of team members’ emotions C. Being attentive to the needs of your team D. Being attentive to the needs of the product owner 亨利正向重要的干系人解释服务式领导的概念，那么服务式领导的定义是

A：关注ScrumMaster的需求
B：注意团队成员的情绪
C：关注团队的需求
D：关注产品负责人的需求

C解析：仆人式领导力核心关注的是团队的需求

19、On a burndown chart, how does the charted“ideal /estimated work accomplished”series appear ? A. As a curved, downward sloping line B. As a straight, upward sloping line C. As a straight, downward sloping line D. As a curved, upward sloping line 在燃尽图中，理想的/预估的工作完成是如何呈现的

A：一条弧形，向下倾斜的曲线
B：一条向上倾斜的直线
C：一条向下倾斜的直线
D：一条弧形，向上倾斜的曲线

C解析：参考燃尽图表

20、Of the following, select the rational for why an empowered team considered an important team attribute agile? A. Empowered teams need extensive management involvement in order to understand customer need. B. Empowered teams need minimal management and thus can focus on leading and delivering value instead of being lead C. Empowered teams adapt slowly to changing requirements and therefore can reduce scope-creep risk. D. Empowered teams remain inflexible to changing customer requirement and focus on delivering to specification. 以下哪项可以合理说明为什么授权团队在敏捷中被看作是重要的？

A：为了清楚顾客的需求，授权团队需要广泛的参与管理
B：授权团队致力于领导和传递价值，而不是被他人领导
C：授权团队需慢慢适应不断变化的需求，来减小范围蔓延的风险
D：授权团队需保持僵化来应对不断变化的顾客需求，同时需致力于传达具体要求

B解析：授权团队进行自主管理，了解如何通过最少的管理参与解决问题，是敏捷方法论的基石

21、Don’s agile team just finished building, testing, and releasing 1 user story point in its most recent 3 week iteration. What is the team’s velocity? A. 1 B. 1/3 C. 5 D. 3 Don的敏捷团队刚在最近3周的迭代中完成了一个用户故事的建立，测试和发布，那么团队的速度是

A：1
B：1/3
C：5
D：3

A解析：速度是指在一次迭代中完成的故事点数

22、As agile team leader, Stacey intends to schedule a brainstorming session to generate ideas that may help solve some of the team’s current issues. Which of the following is NOT a good brainstorming technique that Stacey should use? A. Having a multi-disciplinary/diverse group so that many different perspectives are available B. Sending participants preparatory material, to they know what to expect and what is expected of them C. Delaying any criticism that may hamper idea generation D. Split the team into competitive factions to promote a sense of urgency 作为敏捷团队的领导者，史黛丝计划进行一次头脑风暴来解决团队面临的问题。以下哪一项不是一个良好的头脑风暴技能？

A：由一个多领域/多样化的团队成员参与，这样可提出许多不同的观点
B：将预备的材料分发给参与者，这样他们可了解相关的内容
C：阻止任何可能妨碍思想产生的批评观点
D：将团队分成几个竞争小组，这样可增加紧迫感

D解析：一个成功的头脑风暴应尽量遵循以下几点：在中立和舒适的环境中进行会议。由一名有趣且有经验的引导者来主持头脑风暴会议。提前向参与者分发包括目标，安排和基本原则的文件。召集一个多领域/多样化的团队，来实现许多不同的期望。排除任何会阻碍想法产生的言论。

23、How is iteration customer evaluation of a product incorporated into iteration planning? A. results from the customer evaluation help the team prioritize which user stories should be tested and integrated during the next iteration B. customer evaluation is used during release planning which holds the work breakdown structure of the iteration plan C. customer evaluation is not incorporated into iteration planning. The agile team plans for the iteration independently of customer evaluation D. customer feedback helps the agile team plan for the next iteration 如何将客户评估纳入迭代计划？

A：客户评估的结果是帮助团队确定哪个用户故事应该在下一次迭代时优先测试和集成
B：客户评估是在发布计划时运用的，这包含迭代计划的工作分解结构
C：客户评估不纳入迭代计划。敏捷团队迭代计划不依赖于客户评估
D：客户的反馈有助于敏捷团队为下一次迭代做计划

D解析：一旦完成一个迭代，团队和客户会估计最近开发的产品特征。顾客的评估为团队下一个迭代提供了意见和反馈

24、Select the response that defines an information radiator A. A visual representation of project-related data to illustrate project status B. A schema for organizing information into related dates C. A highly detailed section of the agile project management waterfall plan D. Raw data organized into information to show data access and modification dates 下列哪个选项是对信息发射源的定义？

A：为展示项目状态，对项目有关数据的可视化展示
B：将组织信息转换为相关数据的一种模式
C：敏捷项目管理瀑布式计划的高度详尽的说明
D：由原始数据组成的信息来显示数据访问或者修改日期

A解析：信息发射源是对项目有关的数据的可视化展示。

25、Christy is confused about the purpose of a product roadmap. She asks Thomas, her project manager, to identify a benefit of a product roadmap to help her understand a product roadmaps purpose. Select the benefit of a product roadmap. A. Helps facilitate daily stand-up meetings B. Helps facilitate the organization of features into categories or themes C. Helps facilitate reflection meetings D. Helps facilitate iteration development 克里斯蒂不理解产品路线图的目的，她向她的项目经理Thomas寻求帮助，希望他说明产品路线图的优点，那么以下哪一项是其中的优点？

A：有助于促进每日站立会议
B：有助于对组织的功能进行类别或主题的分类
C：有助于促进反思会议
D：有助于促进迭代开发

B解析：产品路线图是产品需求的高层次概述，常用作对特性进行优先级处理

26、An agile task board usually tracks the progress of what key piece of information? A. Tasks based on use stories B. Defects C. Test modules D. Project backlog lists 一块敏捷任务板通常跟踪的是哪些关键信息的进展？

A：基于用户故事的任务
B：缺陷
C：测试模块
D：项目待办事项列表

A解析：典型的敏捷任务板跟踪和监控的是为迭代所选择出的任务。一个目录中包含迭代期间所选择的所有开发任务。

27、What must a scrum team define before beginning a project so that it may know when a feature has been fully developed and in a state of readiness for shipping? A. Its definition of delivery readiness. B. Its definition of release C. Its definition of done in concert with the product owner D. Its definition of shipability scrum团队在项目开始前必须定义什么，以便确认一项特性已完全开发并准备进行交付？

A：交付物准备就绪的定义
B：发布特性的定义
C：与产品负责人对完成进行定义
D：可传输性的定义

C解析：产品负责人负责对完成进行定义

28、One of the twelve agile principles is termed “reflection”. What does “reflection” mean? A. Reflection refers to the process of improving code to make it more efficient. B. Reflection refers to making a regular habit of reviewing team performance and processes to identify opportunities for improvement C. Reflection refers to accessing attributes of a program's metadata. D. Reflection refers to reflecting product requirements back at the customer through the delivery of working software. 12项敏捷原则里其中一条是“反思”，那么“反思”的意思是

A：使代码更高效的过程
B：使团队养成回顾的习惯，以及确认改进机会的过程
C：获得项目元数据属性的过程
D：反思是指通过交付工作软件向客户反映产品需求

B解析：反思是指在规定时间里回顾工作和绩效。由此，敏捷团队可以识别出需要完善的地方。花时间进行反思，以保证高绩效水平。

29、What topic area within strategic management deals with fostering a work environment to engage stakeholders? A. Stakeholder management B. Value management C. Scope management D. Executive management 在战略管理中，以下哪个专题是在探讨如何营造一个吸引项目干系人兴趣的工作环境？

A：干系人管理
B：价值管理
C：范围管理
D：执行管理

A解析：干系人是指会影响项目或者受项目影响的人，对干系人进行管理提高干系人的积极影响，消除消极影响。

30、When a user story is estimated to be 0 story points ,what does it indicate ? A. That the user story costs 0 points B. That the user story has no value C. That the user story is an impediment to progress D. That the user story takes minimal effort to design ,develop ,and test 当一个用户故事被估算故事点为0时，这说明了什么？

A：说明该用户故事成本为0
B：说明该用户故事没有价值
C：说明该用户故事阻碍进度
D：说明该用户故事需要最小的努力来设计，开发和测试

D解析：故事点书为0说明任务很简单，需要花费的时间很少甚至可以忽略不计。

31、Hank is estimating how many days it will take him as an agile developer to build, test, and release a user story without any interruptions relative to other use stories in the backlog. What agile estimation method is Hank using? A. Day stories B. Ideal story days C. Story points D. Ideal days 敏捷开发者汉克正在估算开发、测试和发布一个用户故事，排除掉任何干扰因素之后需要多长时间。汉克运用的敏捷估算方法是

A：每天故事
B：理想故事天数
C：故事点
D：理想时长

D解析：除了使用故事点来估算用户故事的相对工作量外，敏捷团队还可使用理想时间。理想时间是指不受会议，个人生活，非工作日或其他事项干扰，测试和发布用户故事所花的时间。

32、What does performing frequent verification and validation help ensure? A. Product schedule B. Product quality C. Product cost D. Product value 频繁执行验证和确认有助于确保

A：产品进度
B：产品质量
C：产品成本
D：产品价值

B解析：验证是为了确保产品的执行符合客户的描述需求，确认是为了证明产品的执行符合预期（即符合客户需求）。所以频繁进行验证和确认可以保证产品的质量符合客户的需求

33、Although face-to-face communication is preferred in agile projects, other types of communication may substitute in the absence of collocated team members. Which of the following is NOT a satisfactory substitute for face-to-face communication? A. Postal mail B. Video conferencing C. Instant messaging D. E-mail 虽然敏捷项目中更强调面对面沟通，但是在不能集中办公的情况下，可使用其他沟通方式替代，以下哪一项不是令人满意的替代方式？

A：邮寄
B：视频会议
C：及时通讯
D：电子邮件

A解析：在缺乏面对面沟通的情况下，视频会议，电子邮件和及时通讯这些技术可在一定程度上促进沟通。但是使用邮寄信件这样的方式效率太低

34、Quimby has recently started an agile project where she is to be the project leader. What should Quimby aspire to be as agile leader A. Someone who constantly criticizes team members so that they are aware of their defects and can improve their performance B. Someone who inspires the team to focus on customer and product quality and value through an open and transparent development environment where the team is self-organizing and self-disciplined. C. Someone that drives the team to maximum and unsustainable performance levels to exceed customer expectations D. Someone who inspires the team to focus on schedule, cost, and scope in a top-down, decision making development environment. 新进行的敏捷项目中，奎姆作为项目领导，她应追求成为怎样的领导？

A：不断批评团队成员，这样可以使他们意识到自己的缺点并提高自己的绩效
B：不断激励团队成员，提供自主管理和自我约束的开放的工作环境，注重客户，产品的质量和价值
C：推动团队达到最大且不可持续的绩效水平以超出客户的期望
D：激励团队在自上而下的决策开发环境中，注重进度，成本和范围

B解析：敏捷团队提倡开放公平的工作环境，注重价值交付，A选项的批评和C选项的不可持续的绩效水平以及D选项的自上而下的决策模式都不符合敏捷原则

35、Which of the following lists a key agile project management characteristic? A. Incremental development of products and services B. A highly professional team consisting of highly specialized experts all of the same skill C. Short iterations and the use of baselines for strict schedule and budget control D. Detailed change management processes 以下哪一项是敏捷项目管理的关键特征？

A：产品和服务的增量开发
B：一个由高度专业的专家组成的团队
C：短迭代和严格的进度和预算控制基线
D：详细的变更管理流程

A解析：敏捷项目管理的重点特征包括：持续完善，多功能团队，短迭代，增量开发，商业优先权客户的价值。

36、Jill is explaining the importance of an agile team being empowered .What does an empowered team mean? A. A team that is management-driven and focused solely in pleasing the management. B. A team that relies on external leadership to show it the path forward. C.A team that is self-organizing and knows how to solve problems with minimal need for oversight D.A team that solves problems through the use of market research Jill正在解释敏捷团队被授权的重要性。那授权团队指的是什么？

A：一个靠管理驱动，依赖管理的团队
B：一个依赖于外部领导引领方向的团队
C：一个自我组织，同时在尽量不需要监督的情况下处理问题的团队
D：一个通过市场调研来解决问题的团队

C解析：授权团队——自组织，自我解决问题的团队，是敏捷方法论所提倡的。敏捷团队在它共同承担交付产品的责任时，能感受到授权（例如，获得自主权）。

37、Select the response that is a typical information radiator for an agile project. A. A task board B. A 10-day weather look ahead for all team members' local weather C. An archive of team e-mails D. A project plan document 下列哪个是敏捷项目中典型的信息发射源？

A：任务板
B：根据全体团队成员所处的当地气候进行10天的天气预报
C：团队邮件的存档
D：项目计划文件

A解析：一项敏捷项目中，典型的信息发射源包括：项目燃尽图，任务板，燃起图缺陷图表。

38、As a product owner, Hanna believes in the value of incremental delivery. Why might Hanna see value in incremental delivery? A.As product owner, she can delay valuable feedback until the end of the project. B.As product owner, she can review old product code C.As product owner, she can start to create the product roadmap D.As product owner, she can review a tangible product and update or refine requirements. 作为产品所有者，Hanna非常认可增量交付的价值。为什么她能看到这其中的价值？

A：作为一个产品的所有者，她可以延迟价值反馈，直到项目结束
B：作为一个产品的所有者，她可以评审产品代码
C：作为一个产品的所有者，她可以创建产品路线图
D：作为一个产品的所有者，她可以评审有形产品并更新或完善需求

D解析：PO是客户代表，决定团队做什么不做什么

39、When performing value based prioritization, what is the term for a product feature that is relatively simple or small and is expected to return value A. Minimally Advertised Feature (MAF) B. Minimally Marketable Feature (MMF) C. Simple Value Feature (SVF) D. Small Value Feature (SVF) 基于价值进行优先排序，关于产品特性相对简单，小并且期望回报价值的术语是

A：最小广告特征(MAF)
B：最小可售功能 (MMF)
C：简单价值特征 (SVF)
D：小值特征 (SVF)

B解析：最小可售功能（MMF）是一个最小和可市场化的软件特征或者产品特佂。“最小”的意思是简单和小，并且不复杂。“可市场化的”的意思是拥有部分价值，无论是产生收益或者节约成本，都可进行市场化或者销售。

40、If you were shown a diagram of a proposed design to improve an existing system and the diagram had process steps, information flow, lead times, and process times, what type of diagram would you believe it to be? A. Value stream map B. Waste stream map C. Value stream analysis D. Current-state value stream map 如果你看到其中一份为了完善现存系统的图表，里面包括流程步骤，信息流，前置期和流程时间，那么这份图表可能是

A：价值流程图
B：浪费流图
C：价值流分析
D：当前价值流程图

A解析：价值流程图是敏捷采用的精益生产分析技能，用于对形成客户产品或服务的原料和信息（即价值）的流动进行分析。

41、According to the pareto rule: A.80% of value-focused market research can be explained by 20% of the target population B. 80% of the value derives from 20% of the work C. 80% of defects occur during the first 20% of the total project schedule D. 20% of the value derives from 80% of the work 根据帕累托法则：

A：80%有关价值的市场调查可以满足20%目标群体的需求
B：80% 价值源自20%工作
C：80% 缺陷会发生在总项目进度的前20%
D：20% 价值源自80%的工作

B解析：帕累托法则规定80% 价值源自20%工作。

42、Select a key element of a project charter? A. stakeholder analysis B. risk analysis C. cost-to-value matrix D. mission 选择项目章程中的一个关键因素？

A：干系人分析
B：风险分析
C：成本价值矩阵图
D：使命

D解析：项目章程是重要的管理文件，需要所有干系人的参与。虽然专家建议章程应不超过一页，但是因为所有的干系人必须参与进来并且达成一致意见，所以创建项目章程是非常具有挑战性的。项目章程中应包含3个关键信息：前景，任务和成功标准。

43、Marge as a product owner believes steadfastly in the feature prioritization .Why might Marge believe in prioritization? A. Because without prioritization a team would not know how prepare for retrospective workshops B. Because without prioritization a team would not know how to gauge unit testing efforts C. Because without prioritization a team would not know how to estimate user story sizes D. Because without prioritization a team would not know in what order to develop user stories in order to optimize value delivered to the customer Marge,作为产品负责人,坚持要进行特征优先级排序。原因是

A：因为没有优先级的团队将不知如何准备回顾工作坊
B：因为没有优先级的团队将不知如何评估测试结果
C：因为没有优先级的团队将不知如何估算用户故事的规模
D：因为没有优先级的团队将不知以什么样的顺序开发用户故事，以便按优先级交付给客户价值

D解析：敏捷团队必须时常处理产品待办事项里的产品特性优先级问题。确保高质量和高价值的特性优先得以开发。

44、Select a method that is commonly used to help prioritize user stories. A. Cost-to-schedule matrix B. Cost-to-value matrix C. Cost-to-constraint matrix D. Value-to-risk matrix 以下哪一个方法常用于处理用户故事优先级？

A：成本-进度矩阵
B：成本-价值矩阵
C：成本-约束矩阵
D：价值-风险矩阵

D解析：价值风险矩阵可以用来对用户故事进行优先级排序，高风险高价的事情先做，接下来是高价值低风险，然后在做低价值低风险的故事。

45、What is a typical scrum timebox value for a sprint review meeting? A. 4 hours B. 8 hours C. 16hours D. 24hours 通常一个迭代回顾会议的时间箱是多少？

A：4小时
B：8小时
C：16小时
D：24小时

A解析：在敏捷架构scrum中，冲刺计划和冲刺回顾会议设定的时间都是4个小时。

46、When agile team members make decisions collaboratively and take ownership of a product, what is the decision model known as? A. Command B. Managerial C. Participatory D. Individual 当敏捷团队成员协作决策并拥有产品所有权，那么这种决策模型被称为

A：命令型
B：管理型
C：参与型
D：个体型

C解析：团队成员协作决策属于参与决策模型

47、Risks are common to all projects big and small. What can be said of risk mitigation? A. Risk mitigation involves making risks transparent so that it is evident to all stakeholders when a project will become intractable B. Risk mitigation involves reducing the impact of risks whether or not they occur C. Risk mitigation involves eliminating risks completely D. Risk mitigation involves containing and transferring risk to low value features 无论大小项目，风险都是常见的，以下关于风险缓解的说法正确的是

A：风险缓解需将风险透明化，这样当项目棘手时，所有干系人可一目了然
B：无论风险是否发生，风险缓解需降低风险的影响力
C：风险缓解需完全消除风险
D：风险缓解需包含和转移风险到低价值特征

B解析：总体来说，风险缓解是说无论风险是否发生，风险缓解需降低风险的影响力。

48、A risk-to-value chart may be used to help prioritize user stories in the product backlog. Select the type of user-story that is typically given low priority in the backlog? A. High-value, high-risk B. Low-value, high-risk C. High-value, low-risk D. Low-value, low-risk 一个风险-价值图表可用于帮助优先处理产品待办事项中的用户故事，那么通常以下哪一类型的用户故事是低优先级的？

A：高价值，高风险
B：低价值，高风险
C：高价值，低风险
D：低价值，低风险

B解析：通常团队会优先处理高价值，高风险用户故事，接着是高价值，低风险的，然后是低价值，低风险的，最后是低价值，高风险。

49、Wilson and the agile team he belongs to are having a discussion regarding ’stakeholder management.Why is stakeholder management an important topic of conversation for an agile team? A.Because having engaged stakeholders that actively participate is crucial for success B.Because without assigning tasks and duties to stakeholders scope creep is inevitable C.managing the requirements of stakeholders is essential tasks to keep the product backlog from expanding D.Because preventing the stakeholders from interfering with developers helps improve velocity Wilson和他隶属的敏捷团队正在举行关于干系人管理的讨论。那为什么干系人管理是一个敏捷团队重要的话题?

A：因为干系人积极参与是项目成功的关键
B：因为职责任务不分配到干系人的话，会造成范围蔓延
C：因为管理干系人的需求是必要的以防止产品代办列表扩展
D：因为防止干系人影响开发团队有助于提高速度

A解析：对干系人进行有效管理，促进干系人对项目的积极影响，消除消极影响

50、What is one method that can be used to improve communication for a team that cannot be collocated? A. setting up a team intranet site B. setting up an RSS feed C. setting up a forum D. setting up a message board 什么方法能够用来改善不能集中办公的团队内部的沟通？

A：建立团队内部网站
B：建立RSS反馈
C：建立论坛
D：建立信息板

A解析：敏捷团队提倡面对面沟通，如果不能实现，可以采用线上沟通的模式

51、Although a shared workspace is best to promote osmotic communication, separated team members may also enjoy some osmotic communication through the use of aiding technology. Pick among the listed technologies the one that helps to provide some level of osmotic communication. A. E-mail B. Never Field Communication C. Bluetooth D. Instant messaging 虽然提高渗透沟通的最佳方式是共享的工作场所，但是不集中办公的团队成员通过辅助技术也可以提高渗透沟通。以下有助于提高渗透沟通的技术是

A：E-mail
B：不可达领域沟通
C：蓝牙
D：及时信息

D解析：在缺乏面对面沟通的情况下，视频会议，电子邮件和及时通讯这些技术可在一定程度上促进沟通。

52、What can an agile team do to promote an innovative and collaborative team space? A. Rotate team member roles B. Isolate team members by function C. Separate team members by function D. Reserve a space for daily stand-up meetings 敏捷团队怎么做可以营造一个创新协作的工作环境

A：进行团队成员角色互换
B：按职能划分团队成员
C：按职能分离团队成员
D：为每日站立会议预留空间

D解析：构建良好的敏捷团队氛围包括：团队成员的协作；减少非必要的干扰/分心；为信息发射源提供专用白板和墙面空间；为每日站立会议和其他会议提供空间；结对编程；其他人性化的设施如植物和舒适的家具。

53、What is a story point? A. Fixed unit of testing effort B. Dynamic unit of testing effort C. Dynamic unit of development effort D. Fixed unit of development effort 故事点是指

A：测试工作的固定单元
B：测试工作的动态单元
C：开发工作的动态单元
D：开发工作的固定单元

D解析：故事点是开发工作的固定单元，用在相对测量用户故事中，以达到估算参与开发的工作量的目的。故事点并不以时间为基础，而以意义为基础。

54、What should an agile team consider when estimating story points? A. The customer prioritized value of developing a user story B. The complexity, cost, radiance, and dependency of developing a user story C. The complexity, effort, risk, and dependency of developing a user story D. The ease, value, required quality, and cost of developing a user story 当评估故事点时，敏捷团队需要考虑什么？

A：客户对于用户故事开发优先级的排序
B：开发用户故事的复杂性，成本，辐射和依赖性
C：开发用户故事的复杂性，努力，风险和依赖性
D：开发用户故事的难易程度，价值，质量要求和成本

C解析：故事点表示开发一个用户故事的相对工作量。每一个故事点表示一个固定的开发工作量值。当估算敏捷团队时，必须考虑复杂度，工作量，风险和依存关系。

55、As project leader, Hank is conducting a rolling look ahead plan for a complex project. What type of work should Hank include in the rolling look ahead plan? A. Only work that is to be completed for the next few iterations B. Only the iterations involved with other teams excluding his own C. Only the next iteration D. All work that is remaining in the project through its completion 作为项目领导者，Hank正为一项复杂的项目制定滚动计划。Hank在滚动计划前应包含以下哪些工作？

A：只有在接下来几个迭代中需完成的工作
B：只有涉及其他团队（除了自己团队）的迭代
C：只有下一次迭代
D：完成项目过程中剩下的所有工作

A解析：复杂项目中使用滚动计划，只需要计划接下来若干迭代中需完成的那些工作。比较远的迭代做粗略的规划

56、Gina’s agile team is beginning a large, complex project estimated to last for three years. Her team has decided to only plan in detail for the next few iterations and keep iterations further removed at only a high-level of detail. What type of planning technique is Gina’s team using? A. Progressive wave planning B. Release planning C. Progressive elaboration D. Rolling wave planning Gina的敏捷团队开启了一项大型，复杂的项目，估计会持续三年。她的团队决定只详细计划接下来的几次迭代，同时在远一些的迭代上只做较高层级的计划。团队正在进行哪一类型的计划？

A：行进波计划
B：发布计划
C：逐步完善
D：滚动计划

D解析：题干是对滚动计划的描述

57、Janet,the head of a multi-national corporation,is considering hiring an agile team to develop a new database system. However,the agile team Henrietta is working with tells her that estimating final cost can be difficult.Why is it more difficult to estimate cost on an agile project? A. Because market demand is difficult to predict B. Because agile welcomes changing scope,which can increase or decrease the level of effort C. Because the cost of developers is a sunk cost D. Because minimal planning is involved with agile Janet是一个跨国公司的领导，正考虑雇佣一个敏捷团队来研发一个新的数据库系统。然而，与Janet一起工作中的敏捷团队则告诉她对最终成本预算是很困难的。为什么说在一个敏捷项目中，估算成本是件困难的事？

A：因为市场需求是很难预料的
B：因为敏捷拥抱范围变更，这将会增加或者减少投入程度
C：因为开发者的成本是沉没成本
D：因为最小的规划也涉及敏捷

B解析：敏捷是拥抱变化的，变动的范围使估算变得困难。

58、Select an advantage of using an information radiator. A. Improves development skills for junior software programmers B. Decreases team morale C. Improves team communication D. Increases competition among team members to improve productivity 使用信息发射源的优点是

A：提高软件程序员的开发技能
B：削弱团队士气
C：促进团队沟通
D：提高团队成员之间的竞争以提高生产率

C解析：信息发射源可以使团队成员及时获取有关项目进展的信息。以促进团队成员之间的沟通

59、What do the three Cs mean with respect to user stories? A. Card, collaboration, conformance B. Card, collaboration, confirmation C. Card, conversation, confirmation D. Collaboration, conformance, configurable 关于用户故事3 个C 代表什么

A：卡片，合作，一致
B：卡片，合作，确认
C：卡片，对话，确认
D：合作，一致，可配置的

C解析：用于定义用户故事的罗恩•杰弗里斯的3C 是卡片，对话和确认。

60、Help Jill select the correct agile delivery concept where a product is delivered and demonstrated at set intervals to the product owner to receive feedback? A. Sprint delivery B. Incremental delivery C. Kanban delivery D. Iteration delivery 产品在每次迭代末向产品负责人交付和展示，目的是为了获得反馈，这种方式属于以下哪一项敏捷交付概念？

A：冲刺交付
B：增量交付
C：看板交付
D：迭代交付

B解析：增量交付是指为及时反馈和接纳，往往在每一个冲刺或迭代的末期交付产品并获得反馈，可使客户评价产品并提出新的需求。

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