题目描述

You have N integers, A1, A2, ... , AN. You need to deal with two kinds of operations. One type of operation is to add some given number to each number in a given interval. The other is to ask for the sum of numbers in a given interval.

Input

The first line contains two numbers N and Q. 1 ≤ N,Q ≤ 100000.
The second line contains N numbers, the initial values of A1, A2, ... , AN. -1000000000 ≤ Ai ≤ 1000000000.
Each of the next Q lines represents an operation.
"C a b c" means adding c to each of Aa, Aa+1, ... , Ab. -10000 ≤ c ≤ 10000.
"Q a b" means querying the sum of Aa, Aa+1, ... , Ab.

Output

You need to answer all Q commands in order. One answer in a line.

Sample Input

10 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Q 4 4
Q 1 10
Q 2 4
C 3 6 3
Q 2 4

Sample Output

4
55
9
15

Hint
The sums may exceed the range of 32-bit integers.

解题思路

不同于改段求点或改点求段,这是一个改段求段的题目
有两种方法接题:
第一种为利用树状数组:

区间更新这里引进了一个数组delta数组，delta[i]表示区间 [i, n] 的共同增量，每次你需要更新的时候只需要更新delta数组就行了，因为每段区间更新的数都记录在这个数组
中，那怎么查询前缀和呐？
sum[i]=a[1]+a[2]+a[3]+......+a[i]+delta[1](i-0)+delta[2](i-1)+delta[3](i-2)+......+delta[i](i-i+1);
= sigma( a[x] ) + sigma( delta[x] * (i + 1 - x) )
= sigma( a[x] ) + (i + 1) * sigma( delta[x] ) - sigma( delta[x] * x )

(引用自吕程博客)
具体代码为

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
const int M=100010;
long long add_sum[M];
long long add[M];
long long  ori[M];
int MN;
int Q;
int lowbit(int x)
{return x&(-x);
}
void update(int i,int v,long long* a)
{for(;i<=MN;i+=lowbit(i)){a[i]+=v;}
}
long long getsum(int r,long long  *a)
{long long resr=0;for(;r>0;r-=lowbit(r)){resr+=a[r];}return resr;
}
int main()
{//freopen("data.in","r",stdin);std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);std::cin.tie(0);int tem;int l,r,val;while(cin>>MN>>Q){memset(ori,0,sizeof(ori));memset(add_sum,0,sizeof(add_sum));memset(add,0,sizeof(add));for(int i=1;i<=MN;i++){cin>>tem;update(i,tem,ori);}string ch;for(int i=0;i<Q;i++){cin>>ch;if(ch=="Q"){cin>>l>>r;cout<<getsum(r,ori)-getsum(l-1,ori)-l*getsum(l-1,add)+(r+1)*getsum(r,add)-getsum(r,add_sum)+getsum(l-1,add_sum)<<endl;}if(ch=="C"){cin>>l>>r>>val;update(l,val,add);update(r+1,-val,add);update(l,val*(l),add_sum);update(r+1,-val*(r+1),add_sum);}}}
}

注意:add_sum数组保存的是add[i]*i之后的值

第二种方法为利用线段树
可以写一个利用结构体实现的线段树,然后加懒标。我地AC代码是按照刘汝佳的板写的，我觉得他地方法比较简洁，更好玩
下面是代码（详解见算法竞赛入门经典-训练指南）：

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include<string>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
const int M = 4*100010;
long long sumv[M];//线段树sum数组
long long add[M];
long long  x, y;//全局变量,update与query时使用
long long  addval;
long long  _sum;
//*********************//
void update(int id, int l, int r)
{long long m = l + (r - l) / 2;if (x <= l&&y >= r){add[id] += addval;}else{if (x <= m) update(2 * id, l, m);if (y>m) update(2 * id + 1, m+1, r);}sumv[id]=0;//!!!!!!!!!注意此步骤if (l<r){sumv[id] = sumv[2 * id] + sumv[2 * id + 1];}sumv[id] += add[id] * (r - l + 1);
}
void query(int id, int l, int r, long long addv)
{long long  m = l + (r - l) / 2;if (x <= l&&y >= r){_sum += sumv[id] + addv*(r - l + 1);}else{//addv += add[id];if (x <= m){query(2 * id, l, m, addv+add[id]);}if (y>m) query(2 * id + 1, m+1, r, addv+add[id]);}
}
int main()
{//freopen("data.in", "r", stdin);//freopen("data.out","w",stdout);std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);std::cin.tie(0);long long  n, q;while (cin >> n >> q){memset(sumv, 0, sizeof(sumv));memset(add, 0, sizeof(add));for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){cin >> addval;x = i;y = i;update(1, 1, n);}string ch;for (int i = 0; i<q; i++){cin >> ch;if (ch == "Q"){_sum = 0;cin >> x >> y;query(1, 1, n, 0);cout << _sum << endl;}if (ch == "C"){cin >> x >> y >> addval;update(1, 1, n);}}}
}