struts教程笔记1

第一讲

struts基本概念

1.struts是一个框架frame
2.struts是一个web框架
3.struts是一个开源的框架

why struts？

mvc是一种模式
model view control

struts是基于mvc的web框架
mvc只告诉你怎么做，但还是有很大的区别
把数据的输入jsp、数据的处理控制器调用model，再输出到jsp

sun公司提供了基于mvc的web框架，
程序开发更加规范了，
程序开发的效率跟高了
程序的可读性提高了
程序的可维护性提高了

缺点是
form有点鸡肋
action是单态的（对网站的并发性有影响），
单态是指在整个程序的运行过程中始终是一个对象
框架提高了程序的规范，但也约束了程序员的自由。

struts-config.xml未必一定要放在WEB-INF,同时也要更改web.xml中的配置

在一个项目中可以有多个struts-config.xml配置文件

struts的运行原理
，以用户登录验证来讲解。

struts快速入门案例

，以用户登陆验证为例，使用手动配置的方式配置

开发步骤
需要struts开发包，建立一个web工程,引入包…写login.jsp
写ActonForm，必须继承actionForm，写Action，写struts-

config.xml
配置web.xml文件，写ok.jsp,写err.jsp

增加功能，在登陆成功后的页面显示用户名，
使用filter解决中文乱码问题

增加到数据库中验证用户是否合法的功能
在mysql中创建一个用户表
创建domain对象

手动开发struts 登录系统源码

web.xml

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html><head><base href="<%=basePath%>"><title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title><meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">--></head><body><jsp:include page="/WEB-INF/login.jsp"></jsp:include></body>
</html>

struts-config.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="userForm" type="com.xing.form.UserForm"/>
</form-beans>
<action-mappings>
<!-- scope="request" 相当于 request=request.setAttribute("userForm",userForm) -->
<!-- scope="session" 相当于 session=request.getSession().setAttribute("userForm",userForm) -->
<!-- scope 默认是session -->
<action path="/login" name="userForm" scope="request" type="com.xing.action.LoginAction">
<forward name="ok" path="/WEB-INF/ok.jsp"/>
<forward name="err" path="/WEB-INF/err.jsp"/>
</action>
</action-mappings>
</struts-config>

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html><head><base href="<%=basePath%>"><title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title><meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">--></head><body><jsp:include page="/WEB-INF/login.jsp"></jsp:include></body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html><head><base href="<%=basePath%>"><title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title><meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">--></head><body><form action="/strutslogin/login.do" method="post">u:<input type="text" name="username"><br/>p:<input type="password" name="password"><br/><input type="submit" value="login"></form></body>
</html>

ok.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,com.xing.form.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html><head><base href="<%=basePath%>"><title>My JSP 'ok.jsp' starting page</title><meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">--></head><body><h1>WELCOME <%=((UserForm)request.getAttribute("userForm")).getUsername() %></h1><br><a href="/strutslogin/">返回重新登录</a></body>
</html>

err.jsp


<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html><head><base href="<%=basePath%>"><title>My JSP 'err.jsp' starting page</title><meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">--></head><body>This is my JSP page. <br></body>
</html>

Users.java

package com.xing.domain;public class Users {private int user_id;private String user_pwd;private String user_name;private String user_email;public String getUser_email() {return user_email;}public void setUser_email(String user_email) {this.user_email = user_email;}public int getUser_id() {return user_id;}public void setUser_id(int user_id) {this.user_id = user_id;}public String getUser_name() {return user_name;}public void setUser_name(String user_name) {this.user_name = user_name;}public String getUser_pwd() {return user_pwd;}public void setUser_pwd(String user_pwd) {this.user_pwd = user_pwd;}
}

UserForm.java


/** this is a actionForm used to fill data*/
package com.xing.form;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;public class UserForm extends ActionForm {//定义属性，按照jsp控件名称定义，这是规范,应保证set和get方法和属性名称存在关联private String username;private String password;public String getUsername() {return username;}public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username;}public String getPassword() {return password;}public void setPassword(String password) {this.password = password;}
}

SqlHelper.java

/** 对数据库操作的类* 对数据库的操作，就是crud* 调用存储过程* *注意：如果连接数据库时出现如下异常则表示未引入三个JAR驱动包，另外一个原因就是SQL语句有语法错误*java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDviver* */
package com.xing.util;
import java.util.*;
import java.sql.*;
public class SqlHelper {//定义需要的对象Connection ct=null;PreparedStatement ps=null;ResultSet rs=null;String driver="com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver";String url="jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;databaseName=testdb";String user="sa";String passwd="tingwei";//构造函数，初始化ctpublic SqlHelper(){try {//加载驱动Class.forName(driver);//得到连接ct=DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,passwd);} catch (Exception e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}}//[]paras，通过?赋值方式可以防止漏洞注入方式，保证安全性public ArrayList query(String sql,String []paras){try {ps=ct.prepareStatement(sql);//对sql的参数赋值for(int i=0;i<paras.length;i++){ps.setString(i+1, paras[i]);}//执行查询rs=ps.executeQuery();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();// TODO: handle exception}//返回结果集ArrayList<ResultSet> al=new ArrayList<ResultSet>();al.add(rs);System.out.println(al.size()+" sdsfdsfs ");return al;}//关闭资源的方法public void close(){try {if(rs!=null) rs.close();if(ps!=null) ps.close();if(ct!=null) ct.close();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();// TODO: handle exception}}
}

UsersService.java

package com.xing.service;
import com.xing.domain.*;
import com.xing.util.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class UsersService {public boolean checkUser(Users user){String sql="select * from users where username=? and passwd=?";SqlHelper sqlHelper=new SqlHelper();String []paras={user.getUser_name(),user.getUser_pwd()};sqlHelper.query(sql, paras);ArrayList al=sqlHelper.query(sql, paras);if(al.size()==1){return true;}else return false;}
}

LoginAction.java

package com.xing.action;
import com.xing.form.*;
import com.xing.service.*;
import com.xing.domain.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;public class LoginAction extends Action {//重写方法，execute会被自动调用，类似Servlet/service@Overridepublic ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stub//解决中文乱码问题//request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//把form强转为对应的UserForm对象UserForm userForm=(UserForm)form;System.out.println("用户名="+userForm.getUsername()+" 密码="+userForm.getPassword());//把名字存入request对象域//request.setAttribute("username", userForm.getUsername());/*简单验证if("123".equals(userForm.getPassword())){return mapping.findForward("ok");}else{return mapping.findForward("err");}*///使用service来验证，不要在action连接数据库UsersService usersService=new UsersService();Users user=new Users();user.setUser_name(userForm.getUsername());user.setUser_pwd(userForm.getPassword());if(usersService.checkUser(user)){return mapping.findForward("ok");}else{return mapping.findForward("err");}}}

Myfilter1.java

package com.xing.filter;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;public class Myfilter1 extends HttpServlet implements Filter {public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {// TODO Auto-generated method stubarg0.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//设置接收编码arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);//必要arg1.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");}public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {// TODO Auto-generated method stub}}