利用mdadm工具构建RAID 0/1/5/6/10磁盘阵列实战（超详细）
2024-05-23 08:59:46
Mdadm介绍：
mdadm是multiple devices admin的简称，它是Linux下的一款标准的软件 RAID 管理工具。
- mdadm能够诊断、监控和收集详细的阵列信息。
- mdadm是一个单独集成化的程序而不是一些分散程序的集合，因此对不同RAID管理命令有共通的语法。
- mdadm能够执行几乎所有的功能而不需要配置文件。(也没有默认的配置文件）**
在linux系统中目前以MD(Multiple Devices)虚拟块设备的方式实现软件RAID,利用多个底层的块设备虚拟出一个新的虚拟设备,并且利用条带化(stripping)技术将数据块均匀分布到多个磁盘上来提高虚拟设备的读写性能,利用不同的数据冗祭算法来保护用户数据不会因为某个块设备的故障而完全丢失,而且还能在设备被替换后将丢失的数据恢复到新的设备上。
目前MD支持linear,multipath,raid0(stripping),raid1(mirror),raid4,raid5,raid6,raid10等不同的冗余级别和级成方式,当然也能支持多个RAID陈列的层叠组成raid1 0,raid5 1等类型的陈列。
环境介绍：
CentOS 7.5-Minimal
VMware Workstation 15
mdadm工具
六块磁盘：sdb sdc sdd sde sdf sdg
常用参数：
mdadm工具指令基本格式：
mdadm -C -v 目录 -l 级别 -n 磁盘数量 设备路径
查看RAID阵列方法：
cat /proc/mdstat //查看状态mdadm -D 目录 //查看详细信息
1.虚拟机磁盘准备
2.查看新增的磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk -新
sdc 8:32 0 20G 0 disk -新
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk -新
sde 8:64 0 20G 0 disk -新
sdf 8:80 0 20G 0 disk -新
sdg 8:96 0 10G 0 disk -新
sr0 11:0 1 906M 0 rom
3.安装madam工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mdadm
更改磁盘分区格式：
分区格式需改为fd
****************************************
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //修改sdb磁盘分区
...
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039，默认为 41943039)：
将使用默认值 41943039
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 20 GiB命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：t
已选择分区 1
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：fd
已将分区“Linux raid autodetect”的类型更改为“Linux raid autodetect”命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
磁盘 /dev/sdb：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0xf056a1fe设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 fd Linux raid autodetect命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。****************************************
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc //修改sdc磁盘分区
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
...设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 41943039 20970496 fd Linux raid autodetect****************************************
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd //修改sdd磁盘分区
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
...设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 2048 41943039 20970496 fd Linux raid autodetect ****************************************
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sde //修改sde磁盘分区
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
...设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sde1 2048 41943039 20970496 fd Linux raid autodetect****************************************
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdf //修改sdf磁盘分区
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
...设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdf1 2048 41943039 20970496 fd Linux raid autodetect****************************************
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdg
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
...设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdg1 2048 20971519 10484736 fd Linux raid autodetect
RAID 0 实验
1.创建RAID 0
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md0 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1//在/dev/md0目录下将sdb1与sdc1两块磁盘创建为RAID级别为0，磁盘数为2的RAID0阵列[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat //查看RAID 0
Personalities : [raid0]
md0 : active raid0 sdc1[1] sdb1[0]41906176 blocks super 1.2 512k chunksunused devices: <none>[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 //查看RAID0详细信息
/dev/md0:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 15:55:29 2020Raid Level : raid0Array Size : 41906176 (39.96 GiB 42.91 GB)Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 2Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 15:55:29 2020State : clean Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 2Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 0Chunk Size : 512KConsistency Policy : noneName : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 4b439b50:63314c34:0fb14c51:c9930745Events : 0Number Major Minor RaidDevice State0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb11 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
2.格式化分区
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md0
meta-data=/dev/md0 isize=512 agcount=16, agsize=654720 blks= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=10475520, imaxpct=25= sunit=128 swidth=256 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=5120, version=2= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/md0
/dev/md0: UUID="13a0c896-5e79-451f-b6f1-b04b79c1bc40" TYPE="xfs"
3.格式化后挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /raid0 //创建挂载目录[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md0 /raid0/ //将/dev/md0挂载到/raid0[root@localhost ~]# df -h //查看挂载是否成功
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 11G 6.7G 61% /
devtmpfs 1.1G 0 1.1G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.1G 0 1.1G 0% /dev/shm
...
/dev/md0 40G 33M 40G 1% /raid0
RAID 1 实验
1.创建RAID 1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 -x 1 /dev/sdb1 //在/dev/md1目录下将sdd1与sde1两块磁盘创建为RAID级别为1，磁盘数为2的RAID1磁盘阵列并将sdd1作为备用磁盘mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start andmay not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan tostore '/boot' on this device please ensure thatyour boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use--metadata=0.90
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid0 devices=2 ctime=Tue Apr 21 15:55:29 2020
mdadm: size set to 20953088K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Fail create md1 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
2.查看RAID 1状态
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdb1[2](S) sde1[1] sdd1[0]20953088 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU][==========>..........] resync = 54.4% (11407360/20953088) finish=0.7min speed=200040K/secunused devices: <none>[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020Raid Level : raid1Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 3Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 16:12:34 2020State : clean, resyncing Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 3Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 1Consistency Policy : resyncResync Status : 77% completeName : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 98b76e6e:b6390011:26a822a8:3dcc4cc9Events : 12Number Major Minor RaidDevice State0 8 49 0 active sync /dev/sdd11 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde12 8 17 - spare /dev/sdb1
3.格式化并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md1 [root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/md1
/dev/md1: UUID="18a8f33b-1bb6-43c2-8dfc-2b21a871961a" TYPE="xfs"[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /raid1[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md1 /raid1/[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 11G 6.7G 61% /
...
/dev/md1 20G 33M 20G 1% /raid1
4.模拟磁盘损坏
模拟损坏后查看RAID1阵列详细信息，发现/dev/sdb1自动替换了损坏的/dev/sdd1磁盘。
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -f /dev/sdd1[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1 //查看
/dev/md1:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020Raid Level : raid1Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 3Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 16:29:38 2020State : clean, degraded, recovering //正在自动恢复Active Devices : 1Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 1 //已损坏的磁盘Spare Devices : 1 //备用设备数Consistency Policy : resyncRebuild Status : 46% completeName : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 98b76e6e:b6390011:26a822a8:3dcc4cc9Events : 26Number Major Minor RaidDevice State2 8 17 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdb11 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde10 8 49 - faulty /dev/sdd1****** 备用磁盘正在自动替换损坏的磁盘，等几分钟再查看RAID1阵列详细信息[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020Raid Level : raid1Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 3Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 16:30:39 2020State : clean //干净，已经替换成功了Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 2Failed Devices : 1 //已损坏的磁盘Spare Devices : 0 //备用设备数为0了Consistency Policy : resyncName : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 98b76e6e:b6390011:26a822a8:3dcc4cc9Events : 36Number Major Minor RaidDevice State2 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb11 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde10 8 49 - faulty /dev/sdd1
5.移除损坏的磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md1 /dev/sdd1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdd1 from /dev/md1[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020Raid Level : raid1Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 2Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 16:38:32 2020State : clean Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 2Failed Devices : 0 //因为我们已经移除了，所以这里已经没有显示了Spare Devices : 0Consistency Policy : resyncName : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 98b76e6e:b6390011:26a822a8:3dcc4cc9Events : 37Number Major Minor RaidDevice State2 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb11 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1
6.添加新磁盘到RAID1阵列：
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md1 /dev/sdc1 //将/dev/sdc1磁盘添加为RAID1阵列的备用设备
mdadm: added /dev/sdc1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020Raid Level : raid1Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 3Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 16:40:20 2020State : clean Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 3Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 1 //刚添加了一块新磁盘，备用磁盘这里已经有显示Consistency Policy : resyncName : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 98b76e6e:b6390011:26a822a8:3dcc4cc9Events : 38Number Major Minor RaidDevice State2 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb11 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde13 8 33 - spare /dev/sdc1
注意：
- 新增加的硬盘需要与原硬盘大小一致。
- 如果原有阵列缺少工作磁盘（如raid1只有一块在工作，raid5只有2块在工作），这时新增加的磁盘直接变为工作磁盘，如果原有阵列工作正常，则新增加的磁盘为热备磁盘。
7.停止RAID阵列
要停止阵列，需要先将挂载的RAID先取消挂载才可以停止阵列，并且停止阵列之后会自动删除创建阵列的目录。
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/md1 [root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 11G 6.7G 61% /
devtmpfs 1.1G 0 1.1G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.1G 0 1.1G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.1G 9.7M 1.1G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.1G 0 1.1G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
overlay 17G 11G 6.7G 61% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/2131dc663296fd193837265e88fa5c9c62b9bfd924303381cea8b4c39c652c84/merged
shm 64M 0 64M 0% /var/lib/docker/containers/436f7e6619c1805553ea71d800fd49ab08843cef6ed162acb35b4c32064ea449/mounts/shm
tmpfs 211M 0 211M 0% /run/user/0[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md1
mdadm: stopped /dev/md1[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/md1
ls: 无法访问/dev/md1: 没有那个文件或目录
RAID 5 实验
1.创建RAID 5
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md5 -l 5 -n 3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 -x 1 /dev/sde1
//在/dev/md5目录下将sdb1、sdc1、sdd1三块磁盘创建为RAID级别为5，磁盘
数为3的RAID5磁盘阵列并将sde1作为备用磁盘mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
mdadm: /dev/sdd1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
mdadm: /dev/sde1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Tue Apr 21 16:11:16 2020
mdadm: size set to 20953088K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Fail create md5 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.
2.查看RAID 5阵列信息
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdd1[4] sde1[3](S) sdc1[1] sdb1[0]41906176 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]unused devices: <none>[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:56:09 2020Raid Level : raid5Array Size : 41906176 (39.96 GiB 42.91 GB)Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Raid Devices : 3Total Devices : 4Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 16:59:56 2020State : clean Active Devices : 3Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 1 //备用设备数1Layout : left-symmetricChunk Size : 512KConsistency Policy : resyncName : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 422363cb:e7fd4d3a:aaf61344:9bdd00b3Events : 18Number Major Minor RaidDevice State0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb11 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc14 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd13 8 65 - spare /dev/sde1
3.模拟磁盘损坏
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md5 /dev/sdb1
mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md5 //提示sdb1已损坏[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:56:09 2020Raid Level : raid5Array Size : 41906176 (39.96 GiB 42.91 GB)Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Raid Devices : 3Total Devices : 4Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 17:04:36 2020State : clean, degraded, recovering //正在自动替换Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 3Failed Devices : 1Spare Devices : 1Layout : left-symmetricChunk Size : 512KConsistency Policy : resyncRebuild Status : 16% completeName : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 422363cb:e7fd4d3a:aaf61344:9bdd00b3Events : 22Number Major Minor RaidDevice State3 8 65 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sde11 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc14 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd10 8 17 - faulty /dev/sdb1**************************
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 16:56:09 2020Raid Level : raid5Array Size : 41906176 (39.96 GiB 42.91 GB)Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Raid Devices : 3Total Devices : 4Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 17:07:58 2020State : clean //自动替换成功Active Devices : 3Working Devices : 3Failed Devices : 1 //损坏磁盘数为1Spare Devices : 0 //备用磁盘数为0，因为已经替换Layout : left-symmetricChunk Size : 512KConsistency Policy : resyncName : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 422363cb:e7fd4d3a:aaf61344:9bdd00b3Events : 37Number Major Minor RaidDevice State3 8 65 0 active sync /dev/sde11 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc14 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd10 8 17 - faulty /dev/sdb1
4.格式化并挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /raid5
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md5
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md5 /raid5/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 11G 6.7G 61% /
...
/dev/md5 40G 33M 40G 1% /raid5
5.停止阵列
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md5
mdadm: stopped /dev/md5
RAID 6 实验
1.创建RAID 6阵列
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md6 -l 6 -n 4 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 -x 2 /dev/sdf1 /dev/sdg1
//在/dev/md6目录下将sdb1、sdc1、sdd1、sde1四块磁盘创建为RAID级别
为6，磁盘数为4的RAID6磁盘阵列并将sdf1、sdg1作为备用磁盘mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:37:15 2020
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdb1 but will be lost ormeaningless after creating array
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:37:15 2020
mdadm: /dev/sdd1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:37:15 2020
mdadm: /dev/sde1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:37:15 2020
mdadm: /dev/sdf1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:37:15 2020
mdadm: size set to 10467328K
mdadm: largest drive (/dev/sdb1) exceeds size (10467328K) by more than 1%
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Fail create md6 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md6 started.
2.查看RAID 6阵列信息
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md6 : active raid6 sdg1[5](S) sdf1[4](S) sde1[3] sdd1[2] sdc1[1] sdb1[0]20934656 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]unused devices: <none>[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md6
/dev/md6:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 17:54:25 2020Raid Level : raid6Array Size : 20934656 (19.96 GiB 21.44 GB)Used Dev Size : 10467328 (9.98 GiB 10.72 GB)Raid Devices : 4Total Devices : 6Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 17:58:16 2020State : clean Active Devices : 4Working Devices : 6Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 2Layout : left-symmetricChunk Size : 512KConsistency Policy : resyncName : localhost.localdomain:6 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 9a5c470e:eb95d0b4:2a213dac:f0fd3315Events : 17Number Major Minor RaidDevice State0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb11 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc12 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd13 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde14 8 81 - spare /dev/sdf15 8 97 - spare /dev/sdg1
3.模拟磁盘损坏（同时损坏两块）
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md6 /dev/sdb1 //sdb1损坏
mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md6[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md6 /dev/sdc1 //sdc1损坏
mdadm: set /dev/sdc1 faulty in /dev/md6[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md6 //查看RAID6阵列状态
/dev/md6:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 17:54:25 2020Raid Level : raid6Array Size : 20934656 (19.96 GiB 21.44 GB)Used Dev Size : 10467328 (9.98 GiB 10.72 GB)Raid Devices : 4Total Devices : 6Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 18:01:46 2020State : clean, degraded, recovering //正在替换Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 4Failed Devices : 2 //损坏磁盘数2块Spare Devices : 2 //备用设备数2 Layout : left-symmetricChunk Size : 512KConsistency Policy : resyncRebuild Status : 19% completeName : localhost.localdomain:6 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 9a5c470e:eb95d0b4:2a213dac:f0fd3315Events : 29Number Major Minor RaidDevice State5 8 97 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdg14 8 81 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdf12 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd13 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde10 8 17 - faulty /dev/sdb11 8 33 - faulty /dev/sdc1*****************************
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md6
/dev/md6:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Tue Apr 21 17:54:25 2020Raid Level : raid6Array Size : 20934656 (19.96 GiB 21.44 GB)Used Dev Size : 10467328 (9.98 GiB 10.72 GB)Raid Devices : 4Total Devices : 6Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Tue Apr 21 18:04:02 2020State : clean //已自动替换Active Devices : 4Working Devices : 4Failed Devices : 2Spare Devices : 0 //备用设备为0Layout : left-symmetricChunk Size : 512KConsistency Policy : resyncName : localhost.localdomain:6 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 9a5c470e:eb95d0b4:2a213dac:f0fd3315Events : 43Number Major Minor RaidDevice State5 8 97 0 active sync /dev/sdg14 8 81 1 active sync /dev/sdf12 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd13 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde10 8 17 - faulty /dev/sdb11 8 33 - faulty /dev/sdc1
4.格式化并挂载
方法同上。
5.停止阵列
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -S /dev/md6
mdadm: stopped /dev/md6
RAID 10 实验
RAID 1+0是用两个RAID 1来创建。
1.创建两个RAID 1阵列
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Wed Apr 22 00:47:05 2020
mdadm: partition table exists on /dev/sdb1 but will be lost ormeaningless after creating array
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start andmay not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan tostore '/boot' on this device please ensure thatyour boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use--metadata=0.90
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Wed Apr 22 00:47:05 2020
mdadm: size set to 20953088K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Fail create md1 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
mdadm: /dev/sdd1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:54:25 2020
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start andmay not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan tostore '/boot' on this device please ensure thatyour boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use--metadata=0.90
mdadm: /dev/sde1 appears to be part of a raid array:level=raid6 devices=4 ctime=Tue Apr 21 17:54:25 2020
mdadm: size set to 20953088K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Fail create md0 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
2.查看两个RAID 1阵列信息
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Wed Apr 22 00:48:19 2020Raid Level : raid1Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB) *****第一个RAID 1容量20G*****Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 2Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Wed Apr 22 00:50:21 2020State : clean Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 2Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 0Consistency Policy : resyncName : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 95cd9b90:8dcbbbef:7974f3aa:d38d7f5bEvents : 17Number Major Minor RaidDevice State0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb11 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Wed Apr 22 00:48:52 2020Raid Level : raid1Array Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)*****第二个RAID 1容量20G******Used Dev Size : 20953088 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 2Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Wed Apr 22 00:50:44 2020State : clean, resyncing Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 2Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 0Consistency Policy : resyncResync Status : 96% completeName : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : ae813945:1174d6cb:ad1e3a33:1303a7d3Events : 15Number Major Minor RaidDevice State0 8 49 0 active sync /dev/sdd11 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1
3.创建RAID 1+0阵列
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md10 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/md1 /dev/md0
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: Fail create md10 when using /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md10 started.
4.查看RAID 1+0阵列信息
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md10
/dev/md10:Version : 1.2Creation Time : Wed Apr 22 00:55:41 2020Raid Level : raid0Array Size : 41871360 (39.93 GiB 42.88 GB)*****制作的RAID 1+0 容量40G*****Raid Devices : 2Total Devices : 2Persistence : Superblock is persistentUpdate Time : Wed Apr 22 00:55:41 2020State : clean Active Devices : 2Working Devices : 2Failed Devices : 0Spare Devices : 0Chunk Size : 512KConsistency Policy : noneName : localhost.localdomain:10 (local to host localhost.localdomain)UUID : 09a95fcb:c9a2ec94:4461c81e:a9a65c2fEvents : 0Number Major Minor RaidDevice State0 9 1 0 active sync /dev/md11 9 0 1 active sync /dev/md0
利用mdadm工具构建RAID 0/1/5/6/10磁盘阵列实战（超详细）相关推荐
- mdadm工具组建raid
实现raid的方式分为硬raid和软raid,主要的区分判断其是否有独立的硬件来实现raid.mdadm工具属于软raid,虽然使用起来成本较低,但是其所有的功能是依托于操作系统层面,效率会低一些. ...
- osgearth处理大tiff文件：利用VPB工具构建静态四叉树，使用osgearth加载成为地形层
1.使用VPB工具处理tif osgdem -t image.tif --wkt-file wkt.prj -l 20 --PagedLOD -o tj_out.ive 2.osgearth加载ear ...
- Ubuntu20.04虚拟机使用Kubeadm从0到1搭建K8S集群(超详细)
前言 最近在读张磊老师的<深入剖析Kubernets>,在阅读4.2节的时候遇到了问题,由于书上使用的版本已经过时,很多命令的执行都失败了,在经历了长达两个星期的折磨以后,我终于把这一节需 ...
- SUMO利用OSM(OpenStreetMap)导出地图生成路网并生成交通流教程(超详细！！！)
1 进入OSM,下载地图 OSM链接地址 我这里将输出的地图命名为GDUTmap.osm 2 将.osm格式转化成为sumo所接纳的.net.xml格式 将从osm上下载下来的GDUTmap.osm文 ...
- VC6.0打开崩溃，filetool解决办法[超详细]
第一步:下载filetool.exe 下载地址filetool.exe百度云下载 提取码: fprs 第二步:打开软件解压,可通过图示左红箭头处修改解压地址,点击unzip开始解压 第三步:打开VC6 ...
- 从0到1搭建一个个人网站超详细教程
前言 如何从0到1搭建一个可以外网访问的项目? 我就用自己的服务器给大家举例,怎么从0到1搭建一个学生和新手可以用来面试的项目,老手也可以回忆一下自己逝去的青春. 服务器在激活的时候会让你选系统,这个 ...
- 小米5 Android 8.0解bl,小米解BL锁超详细的图文教程
BL锁全称bootloader锁,其中bootloader中文名称为"启动加载",其主要作用是为了保护用户的隐私数据安全,在日常使用的时候感受不到BL锁的存在,但是如果你要对手机进 ...
- 【Android】0、Android 开发从入门到实战超详细路线图
文章目录 入门 进阶 专项 实战 入门 刚开始入门时,可看 Android开发者官网,先在 Android Studio 的 IDE 上,跑一个 hello world 的 App 程序 然后入门阶段 ...
- 在 Linux 下使用 RAID（九）：如何使用 ‘Mdadm’ 工具管理软件 RAID
无论你以前有没有使用 RAID 阵列的经验,以及是否完成了 此 RAID 系列 的所有教程,一旦你在 Linux 中熟悉了 mdadm --manage 命令的使用,管理软件 RAID 将不是很复杂的 ...
最新文章
- 循环神经网络实现文本情感分类之Pytorch中LSTM和GRU模块使用
- 谷歌正式开源Model Search！自动优化并识别AI模型，最佳模版唾手可得
- (Mirage系列之五)Mirage经典案例之桌面驱动和基础层管理
- 大数据时代企业如何保障数据安全？这款工具值得一看
- “我求你们不要再给我打电话了，我不炒股！”
- 【CQOI2009】叶子的颜色
- mysql 免密码进入_MySQL 5.7 三种免密码登录
- 刘冲 擦干你的泪水 试听,刘冲 擦干你的泪水歌词
- 【RT-Thread Master】at24cxx软件包使用笔记
- Android Fragment already added 解决方式
- python 图片识别_Python—识别图片中的文字
- 此更新不适用您的计算机 win10,高手亲自讲解Win10系统提示此更新不适用于您的详尽处理办法...
- mysql45讲--09-44实践篇总结
- 私有5g网络_2020-2026全球与中国私有LTE和5G网络市场现状及未来发展趋势
- ae正在发生崩溃_AE崩溃了怎么办？这可能是最全面的解决办法了！
- java cs 顺丰运单_JAVA接入顺丰快递
- 【信息系统项目管理师 - 备考宝典 - 39】历年考试试题易错点题库
- PGP安装,生成密钥及上传服务器的完整步骤
- 带有非期望产出的SBM模型（python）
- Java JDK （SE）安装详细教程