PyQt5 第七章 综合篇（一）
2024-05-11 06:23:26
7.1 俄罗斯方块游戏
《零基础入门玩转 PyQt5》 邀请码： LWskm3AS
代码由四个类组成：Tetris, Board, Tetrominoe和Shape。Tetris类创建游戏，Board是游戏主要逻辑。Tetrominoe包含了所有的砖块，Shape是所有砖块的代码
可以用P键暂停游戏，空格键让方块直接落到最下面，游戏的速度是固定的，并没有实现加速的功能，分数就是游戏中消除的行数
import random
import sysfrom PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QBasicTimer, pyqtSignal
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPainter, QColor
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QFrame, QDesktopWidget, QApplicationclass Tetris(QMainWindow):def __init__(self):super().__init__()self.initUI()def initUI(self):'''initiates application UI'''self.tboard = Board(self)self.setCentralWidget(self.tboard)self.statusbar = self.statusBar()self.tboard.msg2Statusbar[str].connect(self.statusbar.showMessage)self.tboard.start()self.resize(240, 400)self.center()self.setWindowTitle('俄罗斯方块')self.show()def center(self):'''centers the window on the screen'''screen = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()size = self.geometry()self.move((screen.width() - size.width()) / 2,(screen.height() - size.height()) / 2)class Board(QFrame):msg2Statusbar = pyqtSignal(str)BoardWidth = 10BoardHeight = 22Speed = 300def __init__(self, parent):super().__init__(parent)self.initBoard()def initBoard(self):'''initiates board'''self.timer = QBasicTimer()self.isWaitingAfterLine = Falseself.curX = 0self.curY = 0self.numLinesRemoved = 0self.board = []self.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus)self.isStarted = Falseself.isPaused = Falseself.clearBoard()def shapeAt(self, x, y):'''determines shape at the board position'''return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]def setShapeAt(self, x, y, shape):'''sets a shape at the board'''self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x] = shapedef squareWidth(self):'''returns the width of one square'''return self.contentsRect().width() // Board.BoardWidthdef squareHeight(self):'''returns the height of one square'''return self.contentsRect().height() // Board.BoardHeightdef start(self):'''starts game'''if self.isPaused:returnself.isStarted = Trueself.isWaitingAfterLine = Falseself.numLinesRemoved = 0self.clearBoard()self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))self.newPiece()self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)def pause(self):'''pauses game'''if not self.isStarted:returnself.isPaused = not self.isPausedif self.isPaused:self.timer.stop()self.msg2Statusbar.emit("paused")else:self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))self.update()def paintEvent(self, event):'''paints all shapes of the game'''painter = QPainter(self)rect = self.contentsRect()boardTop = rect.bottom() - Board.BoardHeight * self.squareHeight()for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)if shape != Tetrominoe.NoShape:self.drawSquare(painter,rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(),shape)if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoe.NoShape:for i in range(4):x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),self.curPiece.shape())def keyPressEvent(self, event):'''processes key press events'''if not self.isStarted or self.curPiece.shape() == Tetrominoe.NoShape:super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)returnkey = event.key()if key == Qt.Key_P:self.pause()returnif self.isPaused:returnelif key == Qt.Key_Left:self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)elif key == Qt.Key_Right:self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)elif key == Qt.Key_Down:self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateRight(), self.curX, self.curY)elif key == Qt.Key_Up:self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)elif key == Qt.Key_Space:self.dropDown()elif key == Qt.Key_D:self.oneLineDown()else:super(Board, self).keyPressEvent(event)def timerEvent(self, event):'''handles timer event'''if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():if self.isWaitingAfterLine:self.isWaitingAfterLine = Falseself.newPiece()else:self.oneLineDown()else:super(Board, self).timerEvent(event)def clearBoard(self):'''clears shapes from the board'''for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):self.board.append(Tetrominoe.NoShape)def dropDown(self):'''drops down a shape'''newY = self.curYwhile newY > 0:if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, newY - 1):breaknewY -= 1self.pieceDropped()def oneLineDown(self):'''goes one line down with a shape'''if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY - 1):self.pieceDropped()def pieceDropped(self):'''after dropping shape, remove full lines and create new shape'''for i in range(4):x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)self.setShapeAt(x, y, self.curPiece.shape())self.removeFullLines()if not self.isWaitingAfterLine:self.newPiece()def removeFullLines(self):'''removes all full lines from the board'''numFullLines = 0rowsToRemove = []for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):n = 0for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoe.NoShape:n = n + 1if n == 10:rowsToRemove.append(i)rowsToRemove.reverse()for m in rowsToRemove:for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)if numFullLines > 0:self.numLinesRemoved = self.numLinesRemoved + numFullLinesself.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))self.isWaitingAfterLine = Trueself.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)self.update()def newPiece(self):'''creates a new shape'''self.curPiece = Shape()self.curPiece.setRandomShape()self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 + 1self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)self.timer.stop()self.isStarted = Falseself.msg2Statusbar.emit("Game over")def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):'''tries to move a shape'''for i in range(4):x = newX + newPiece.x(i)y = newY - newPiece.y(i)if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:return Falseif self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoe.NoShape:return Falseself.curPiece = newPieceself.curX = newXself.curY = newYself.update()return Truedef drawSquare(self, painter, x, y, shape):'''draws a square of a shape'''colorTable = [0x000000, 0xCC6666, 0x66CC66, 0x6666CC,0xCCCC66, 0xCC66CC, 0x66CCCC, 0xDAAA00]color = QColor(colorTable[shape])painter.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1,self.squareWidth() - 2,self.squareHeight() - 2,color)painter.setPen(color.lighter())painter.drawLine(x, y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x, y)painter.drawLine(x, y, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y)painter.setPen(color.darker())painter.drawLine(x + 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1,x + self.squareWidth() - 1,y + self.squareHeight() - 1)painter.drawLine(x + self.squareWidth() - 1,y + self.squareHeight() - 1,x + self.squareWidth() - 1,y + 1)class Tetrominoe(object):NoShape = 0ZShape = 1SShape = 2LineShape = 3TShape = 4SquareShape = 5LShape = 6MirroredLShape = 7class Shape(object):coordsTable = (((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),((0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)),((0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)),((-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)),((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)),((-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)),((1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)))def __init__(self):self.coords = [[0, 0] for i in range(4)]self.pieceShape = Tetrominoe.NoShapeself.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)def shape(self):'''returns shape'''return self.pieceShapedef setShape(self, shape):'''sets a shape'''table = Shape.coordsTable[shape]for i in range(4):for j in range(2):self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j]self.pieceShape = shapedef setRandomShape(self):'''chooses a random shape'''self.setShape(random.randint(1, 7))def x(self, index):'''returns x coordinate'''return self.coords[index][0]def y(self, index):'''returns y coordinate'''return self.coords[index][1]def setX(self, index, x):'''sets x coordinate'''self.coords[index][0] = xdef setY(self, index, y):'''sets y coordinate'''self.coords[index][1] = ydef minX(self):'''returns min x value'''m = self.coords[0][0]for i in range(4):m = min(m, self.coords[i][0])return mdef maxX(self):'''returns max x value'''m = self.coords[0][0]for i in range(4):m = max(m, self.coords[i][0])return mdef minY(self):'''returns min y value'''m = self.coords[0][1]for i in range(4):m = min(m, self.coords[i][1])return mdef maxY(self):'''returns max y value'''m = self.coords[0][1]for i in range(4):m = max(m, self.coords[i][1])return mdef rotateLeft(self):'''rotates shape to the left'''if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:return selfresult = Shape()result.pieceShape = self.pieceShapefor i in range(4):result.setX(i, self.y(i))result.setY(i, -self.x(i))return resultdef rotateRight(self):'''rotates shape to the right'''if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:return selfresult = Shape()result.pieceShape = self.pieceShapefor i in range(4):result.setX(i, -self.y(i))result.setY(i, self.x(i))return resultif __name__ == '__main__':app = QApplication(sys.argv)tetris = Tetris()sys.exit(app.exec_())
self.tboard = Board(self)
self.setCentralWidget(self.tboard)
创建状态栏，显示游戏暂停状态或者游戏结束状态。msg2Statusbar是一个自定义的信号，用于Board类交互
self.statusbar = self.statusBar()
self.tboard.msg2Statusbar[str].connect(self.statusbar.showMessage)
self.tboard.start()
创建了一个自定义信号msg2Statusbar，当我们想往statusbar里显示信息的时候，发出这个信号就行了
class Board(QFrame):msg2Statusbar = pyqtSignal(str)
...
这些是Board类的变量。BoardWidth和BoardHeight分别是board的宽度和高度。Speed是游戏的速度，每300ms出现一个新的方块
BoardWidth = 10
BoardHeight = 22
Speed = 300
在initBoard()里初始化了一些重要的变量，self.board定义了方块的形状和位置，取值范围是0-7
...
self.curX = 0
self.curY = 0
self.numLinesRemoved = 0
self.board = []
...
def shapeAt(self, x, y):return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]
board的大小可以动态的改变，所以方格的大小也应随之变化，squareWidth()计算并返回每个块应该占多少像素，即Board.BoardWidth
def squareWidth(self):return self.contentsRect().width() // Board.BoardWidth
pause()方法用来暂停游戏，停止计时并在statusbar上显示一条信息
def pause(self):'''pauses game'''if not self.isStarted:returnself.isPaused = not self.isPausedif self.isPaused:self.timer.stop()self.msg2Statusbar.emit("paused")else:self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)self.msg2Statusbar.emit(str(self.numLinesRemoved))self.update()
渲染是在paintEvent()方法里发生的QPainter负责PyQt5里所有低级绘画操作
def paintEvent(self, event):'''paints all shapes of the game'''painter = QPainter(self)rect = self.contentsRect()
...
渲染游戏分为两步：第一步是先画出所有已经落在最下面的的图，这些保存在self.board里。可以使用shapeAt()查看这个这个变量
for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)if shape != Tetrominoe.NoShape:self.drawSquare(painter,rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)
if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoe.NoShape:for i in range(4):x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),self.curPiece.shape())
keyPressEvent()方法检测用户按下的按键，如果按下的是右方向键，就把方块向右移动
elif key == Qt.Key_Right:self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)
elif key == Qt.Key_Up:self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotateLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)
elif key == Qt.Key_Space:self.dropDown()
elif key == Qt.Key_D:self.oneLineDown()
tryMove()是尝试移动方块的方法。如果方块已经到达board的边缘或者遇到了其他方块，就返回False
def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):for i in range(4):x = newX + newPiece.x(i)y = newY - newPiece.y(i)if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:return Falseif self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoe.NoShape:return Falseself.curPiece = newPieceself.curX = newXself.curY = newYself.update()return True
在计时器事件里，要么是等一个方块下落完之后创建一个新的方块，要么是让一个方块直接落到底
def timerEvent(self, event):if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():if self.isWaitingAfterLine:self.isWaitingAfterLine = Falseself.newPiece()else:self.oneLineDown()else:super(Board, self).timerEvent(event)
clearBoard()方法通过Tetrominoe.NoShape清空broad
def clearBoard(self):for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):self.board.append(Tetrominoe.NoShape)
如果方块碰到了底部，就调用removeFullLines()方法，找到能消除的行进行消除操作。消除动作就是把符合条件的行进行消除之后，再把它上面的行下降一行
def removeFullLines(self):numFullLines = 0rowsToRemove = []for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):n = 0for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoe.NoShape:n = n + 1if n == 10:rowsToRemove.append(i)rowsToRemove.reverse()for m in rowsToRemove:for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)...
newPiece()方法是用来创建形状随机的方块，如果随机的方块不能正确的出现在预设的位置，游戏结束
def newPiece(self):self.curPiece = Shape()self.curPiece.setRandomShape()self.curX = Board.BoardWidth // 2 + 1self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoe.NoShape)self.timer.stop()self.isStarted = Falseself.msg2Statusbar.emit("Game over")
class Tetrominoe(object):NoShape = 0ZShape = 1SShape = 2LineShape = 3TShape = 4SquareShape = 5LShape = 6MirroredLShape = 7
Shape类保存类方块内部的信息，coordsTable元组保存了所有的方块形状的组成。是一个构成方块的坐标模版
class Shape(object):coordsTable = (((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),...)
...
上面的图片可以帮助我们更好的理解坐标值的意义。比如元组(0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, -1)代表了一个Z形状的方块
self.coords = [[0,0] for i in range(4)]
rotateLeft()方法向右旋转一个方块，正方形方块不用旋转就直接返回了。其他的就返回一个新的坐标
def rotateLeft(self):if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoe.SquareShape:return selfresult = Shape()result.pieceShape = self.pieceShapefor i in range(4):result.setX(i, self.y(i))result.setY(i, -self.x(i))return result
PyQt5 第七章 综合篇（一）相关推荐
- 数字图像处理——第七章 小波和多分辨处理
数字图像处理--第七章 小波和多分辨率处理 文章目录 数字图像处理--第七章 小波和多分辨率处理 写在前面 1 多分辨率处理 1.1 图像金字塔 1.2 多尺度和多分辨率的区别 2 小波 2.1 连续 ...
- 现实迷途 第七章 特殊客户
第七章 特殊客户 注:原创作品,请尊重原作者,未经同意,请勿转载,否则追究责任. 江北一般都是上午待在办公室里,搜集信息或整理以前做过的系统,下午才出去站街招客. 站街站了一段时间后,江北有点不想去了 ...
- stm32 工业按键检测_「正点原子STM32Mini板资料连载」第七章 按键输入实验
1)实验平台:正点原子STM32mini开发板 2)摘自<正点原子STM32 不完全手册(HAL 库版)>关注官方微信号公众号,获取更多资料:正点原子 第七章 按键输入实验 上一章,我们介 ...
- 第七章——DMVs和DMFs（2）——用DMV和DMF监控索引性能
原文: 第七章--DMVs和DMFs(2)--用DMV和DMF监控索引性能 本文继续介绍使用DMO来监控,这次讲述的是监控索引性能.索引是提高查询性能的关键性手段.即使你的表上有合适的索引,你也要时时 ...
- 2017上半年软考 第七章 重要知识点
第七章项目范围管理 []项目范围管理概念 [][]项目范围管理的含义和作用 项目范围管理内容p289 项目范围对项目管理的重要性?p289 [][]项目范围管理的主要过程 项目范围管理的6个过程是? ...
- 服务器架构之性能扩展-第七章（8）
第七章Cacti系统监控邮件报警和压力测试 7.1 Cacti工作原理 原理简单来说,Cacti就是rrdtool的一个forefront,它内置了快速的获数据取工具.优秀的绘图模板以及许多设计精良的 ...
- 鸟哥Linux私房菜_基础篇(第二版)_第七章学习笔记
第七章 Linux文件和目录管理 绝对路径:以"/"开始 相对路径:以非"/"开始 其中,"."代表当前目录,".."代 ...
- 计算机组成原理 输入输出系统,计算机组成原理(第七章输入输出系统
计算机组成原理(第七章输入输出系统 (6页) 本资源提供全文预览,点击全文预览即可全文预览,如果喜欢文档就下载吧,查找使用更方便哦! 9.9 积分 第七章输入输出系统第一节基本的输入输出方式一. 外围 ...
- 课本学习笔记5：第七章 20135115臧文君
第七章 链接 注:作者:臧文君,原创作品转载请注明出处. 一.概述 1.链接(linking):是将各种代码和数据部分收集起来并组合成为一个单一文件的过程,这个文件可被加载或被拷贝到存储器并执行. 2 ...
最新文章
- ASP.NET 配置文件的层次和继承关系
- 通过零知识证明，成为重要的区块链革新者
- 非凸函数上，随机梯度下降能否收敛？能，但有条件，且比凸函数收敛更难
- java mysql 数据库
- laravel5.5路由使用name的好处
- 将java编译成so库_利用android studio 生成 JNI需要的动态库so文件
- 详解 undefined 与 null 的区别
- 计算机计算公式代码,简单的计算器代码
- 关于电脑主板RS-232串口定义
- 【Python爬虫】懂车帝_车型库页面
- Go Tools安装
- 软件测试-正交试验法
- 百度云盘上传文件 提示服务器错误,百度网盘上传文件失败怎么办？百度网盘无法上传文件的解决办法...
- 使用软碟通做启动盘给电脑装系统时如何分区
- 厦门大学和福州大学计算机专业哪个好,福建最好的5所大学，除了厦门大学，你还知道哪所大学？...
- 杭电 2544 最短路（bellman详解）
- 数据结构学习（冒泡、选择、插入、快速排序）
- 转:使用Python写一个m3u8多线程下载器
- 企业微信---第三方应用开发 笔记
- 你的态度，你的旅途风景