tornado web高级开发项目之抽屉官网的页面登陆验证、form验证、点赞、评论、文章分页处理、发送邮箱验证码、登陆验证码、注册、发布文章、上传图片...
本博文将一步步带领你实现抽屉官网的各种功能:包括登陆、注册、发送邮箱验证码、登陆验证码、页面登陆验证、发布文章、上传图片、form验证、点赞、评论、文章分页处理以及基于tornado的后端和ajax的前端数据处理。
转载请注明出处http://www.cnblogs.com/wanghzh/p/5806514.html
抽屉官网:http://dig.chouti.com/
一、配置(settings)
settings = {'template_path': 'views', #模板文件路径'static_path': 'statics', #静态文件路径'static_url_prefix': '/statics/', #静态文件前缀'autoreload': True,'ui_methods': mt
}
二、路由配置
application = tornado.web.Application([(r"/index", home.IndexHandler), #主页(r"/check_code", account.CheckCodeHandler), #验证码(r"/send_msg", account.SendMsgHandler), #邮箱验证码(r"/register", account.RegisterHandler), #注册(r"/login", account.LoginHandler), #登陆(r"/upload_image", home.UploadImageHandler), #上传图片(r"/comment", home.CommentHandler), #评论(r"/favor", home.FavorHandler), #点赞
], **settings)
三、文件夹分类
下面我们将根据上图文件目录由上到下做一一分析:
四、准备工作
本项目所有前端反馈均是通过BaseResponse类实现的:
class BaseResponse:def __init__(self):self.status = False #状态信息,是否注册成功,是否登陆成功,是否点赞成功、是否评论成功等self.code = StatusCodeEnum.Successself.data = None #前端需要展示的数据self.summary = None #错误信息self.message = {} #字典类型的错误信息
本文参考了大量前端和后端基础知识,从入门到精通的链接如下:
前端:
- html
- css基础(一)
- css基础(二)
- JavaScript基础
- Dom基础和实例
- jquary基础和实例大全
- 偷偷发请求的ajax基础与实例大全
后端:
- web框架本质
- web框架之tronado
数据库:
- mysql基础一
- mysql基础二
- python操作mysql(pymysql 和ORM框架 SQLAchemy)
缓存:
RabbitMQ、Redis、Memcache、SQLAlchemy
五、core:业务处理类handler需要继承的父类
import tornado.web
from backend.session.session import SessionFactoryclass BaseRequestHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):def initialize(self):self.session = SessionFactory.get_session_obj(self)
六、form:用于form验证的文件,这是一个自定义的tornado form验证模块
fields:包含字符串、邮箱、数字、checkbox、文件类型验证
forms:核心验证处理,返回验证是否成功self._valid_status、成功后的数据提self._value_dict、错误信息self._error_dict
classField:def __init__(self):self.is_valid=Falseself.name=Noneself.value=Noneself.error=Nonedefmatch(self, name, value):self.name=nameif notself.required:self.is_valid=Trueself.value=valueelse:if notvalue:if self.custom_error_dict.get('required', None):self.error= self.custom_error_dict['required']else:self.error= "%s is required" %nameelse:ret=re.match(self.REGULAR, value)ifret:self.is_valid=Trueself.value=valueelse:if self.custom_error_dict.get('valid', None):self.error= self.custom_error_dict['valid']else:self.error= "%s is invalid" % name
初始化
classStringField(Field):REGULAR= "^.*$"def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):self.custom_error_dict= {} #{'required': 'IP不能为空', 'valid': 'IP格式错误'}ifcustom_error_dict:self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)self.required=requiredsuper(StringField, self).__init__()
字符串匹配
classIPField(Field):REGULAR= "^(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}$"def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):self.custom_error_dict= {} #{'required': 'IP不能为空', 'valid': 'IP格式错误'}ifcustom_error_dict:self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)self.required=requiredsuper(IPField, self).__init__()
ip匹配
classEmailField(Field):REGULAR= "^\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*$"def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):self.custom_error_dict= {} #{'required': 'IP不能为空', 'valid': 'IP格式错误'}ifcustom_error_dict:self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)self.required=requiredsuper(EmailField, self).__init__()
邮箱匹配
classIntegerField(Field):REGULAR= "^\d+$"def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):self.custom_error_dict= {} #{'required': 'IP不能为空', 'valid': 'IP格式错误'}ifcustom_error_dict:self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)self.required=requiredsuper(IntegerField, self).__init__()
数字匹配
classCheckBoxField(Field):REGULAR= "^\d+$"def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):self.custom_error_dict= {} #{'required': 'IP不能为空', 'valid': 'IP格式错误'}ifcustom_error_dict:self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)self.required=requiredsuper(CheckBoxField, self).__init__()defmatch(self, name, value):self.name=nameif notself.required:self.is_valid=Trueself.value=valueelse:if notvalue:if self.custom_error_dict.get('required', None):self.error= self.custom_error_dict['required']else:self.error= "%s is required" %nameelse:ifisinstance(name, list):self.is_valid=Trueself.value=valueelse:if self.custom_error_dict.get('valid', None):self.error= self.custom_error_dict['valid']else:self.error= "%s is invalid" % name
checkbox匹配
classFileField(Field):REGULAR= "^(\w+\.pdf)|(\w+\.mp3)|(\w+\.py)$"def __init__(self, custom_error_dict=None, required=True):self.custom_error_dict= {} #{'required': 'IP不能为空', 'valid': 'IP格式错误'}ifcustom_error_dict:self.custom_error_dict.update(custom_error_dict)self.required=requiredsuper(FileField, self).__init__()defmatch(self, name, file_name_list):flag=Trueself.name=nameif notself.required:self.is_valid=Trueself.value=file_name_listelse:if notfile_name_list:if self.custom_error_dict.get('required', None):self.error= self.custom_error_dict['required']else:self.error= "%s is required" %nameflag=Falseelse:for file_name infile_name_list:if not file_name or notfile_name.strip():if self.custom_error_dict.get('required', None):self.error= self.custom_error_dict['required']else:self.error= "%s is required" %nameflag=Falsebreakelse:ret=re.match(self.REGULAR, file_name)if notret:if self.custom_error_dict.get('valid', None):self.error= self.custom_error_dict['valid']else:self.error= "%s is invalid" %nameflag=Falsebreakself.is_valid=flagdef save(self, request, upload_to=""):file_metas=request.files[self.name]for meta infile_metas:file_name= meta['filename']file_path_name=os.path.join(upload_to, file_name)with open(file_path_name,'wb') as up:up.write(meta['body'])upload_file_path_list= map(lambdapath: os.path.join(upload_to, path), self.value)self.value= list(upload_file_path_list)
文件匹配
核心验证处理:
from backend.form import fieldsclass BaseForm:def __init__(self):self._value_dict = {} #数据字典self._error_dict = {} #错误信息字典self._valid_status = True #是否验证成功def valid(self, handler):for field_name, field_obj in self.__dict__.items():if field_name.startswith('_'): #过滤私有字段continueif type(field_obj) == fields.CheckBoxField: #checkbox处理post_value = handler.get_arguments(field_name, None) elif type(field_obj) == fields.FileField: #文件处理post_value = []file_list = handler.request.files.get(field_name, [])for file_item in file_list:post_value.append(file_item['filename'])else:post_value = handler.get_argument(field_name, None)field_obj.match(field_name, post_value) #匹配if field_obj.is_valid: #如果验证成功self._value_dict[field_name] = field_obj.value #提取数据else:self._error_dict[field_name] = field_obj.error #错误信息self._valid_status = Falsereturn self._valid_status #返回是否验证成功
七、如何应用上述form验证模块:
以注册为例:
前端:
<divclass="header"><span>注册</span><divclass="dialog-close"onclick="CloseDialog('#accountDialog');">X</div></div><divclass="content"><divstyle="padding: 0 70px"><divclass="tips"><span>输入注册信息</span></div><divid="register_error_summary"class="error-msg"></div><divclass="inp"><inputname="username"type="text"placeholder="请输入用户名" /></div><divclass="inp"><inputname="email"id="email"type="text"placeholder="请输入邮箱" /></div><divclass="inp"><inputname="email_code"class="email-code"type="text"placeholder="请输入邮箱验证码" /><aid="fetch_code"class="fetch-code"href="javascript:void(0);">获取验证码</a></div><divclass="inp"><inputname="password"type="password"placeholder="请输入密码" /></div><divclass="inp"><divclass="submit"onclick="SubmitRegister(this);"><span>注册</span><spanclass="hide"><imgsrc="/statics/images/loader.gif"style="height: 16px;width: 16px"><span>正在注册</span></span></div></div></div></div>
html
/*点击注册按钮*/function SubmitRegister(ths){$('#register_error_summary').empty();$('#model_register .inp .error').remove();$(ths).children(':eq(0)').addClass('hide');$(ths).addClass('not-allow').children(':eq(1)').removeClass('hide');var post_dict = {};$('#model_register input').each(function(){post_dict[$(this).attr("name")] = $(this).val(); #将所有input标签内容提取出来,以对应name为key,值为value放入post_dict字典});$.ajax({url: '/register', #提交的urltype: 'POST', #提交方式data: post_dict, #提交数据dataType: 'json', #数据格式success: function(arg){if(arg.status){window.location.href = '/index'; #验证成功跳转至主页}else{$.each(arg.message, function(k,v){//<span class="error">s</span>var tag = document.createElement('span'); #验证失败创建标签tag.className = 'error'; tag.innerText = v; #存入错误信息$('#model_register input[name="'+ k +'"]').after(tag); #将标签加入html中})}}});$(ths).removeClass('not-allow').children(':eq(1)').addClass('hide');$(ths).children(':eq(0)').removeClass('hide');}
后台处理:
首先需要编写RegisterForm:
class RegisterForm(BaseForm): #需要继承上面的form验证核心处理类def __init__(self): #初始化每一个input标签的nameself.username = StringField() #input标签name=对应类型的类self.email = EmailField()self.password = StringField()self.email_code = StringField()super(RegisterForm, self).__init__()
后台RegisterHandler:
class RegisterHandler(BaseRequestHandler):def post(self, *args, **kwargs):rep = BaseResponse() #总的返回前端的类,包含是否注册成功的状态、错误信息form = account.RegisterForm() #实例化RegisterFormif form.valid(self): #调用baseform核心验证处理函数valid,返回是否验证成功current_date = datetime.datetime.now()limit_day = current_date - datetime.timedelta(minutes=1)conn = ORM.session() #获取数据库session对象 #查看验证码是否过期is_valid_code = conn.query(ORM.SendMsg).filter(ORM.SendMsg.email == form._value_dict['email'],ORM.SendMsg.code == form._value_dict['email_code'],ORM.SendMsg.ctime > limit_day).count()if not is_valid_code:rep.message['email_code'] = '邮箱验证码不正确或过期'self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__))returnhas_exists_email = conn.query(ORM.UserInfo).filter(ORM.UserInfo.email == form._value_dict['email']).count()#邮箱是否存在if has_exists_email:rep.message['email'] = '邮箱已经存在'self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__))returnhas_exists_username = conn.query(ORM.UserInfo).filter(ORM.UserInfo.username == form._value_dict['username']).count() #用户名是否存在if has_exists_username:rep.message['email'] = '用户名已经存在'self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__))return #按数据库表的列订制form._value_dict
form._value_dict['ctime'] = current_date form._value_dict.pop('email_code') obj = ORM.UserInfo(**form._value_dict) conn.add(obj)conn.flush()conn.refresh(obj) #将自增id也提取出来user_info_dict = {'nid': obj.nid, 'email': obj.email, 'username': obj.username}conn.query(ORM.SendMsg).filter_by(email=form._value_dict['email']).delete()#删除本次邮箱验证码conn.commit()conn.close()self.session['is_login'] = True #注册成功后定义登陆成功self.session['user_info'] = user_info_dict 用户信息写入sessionrep.status = Trueelse:rep.message = form._error_dict #错误信息self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__)) #返回给前端,前端ajax success接收并处理,在前端页面展示
八、session ,本session是基于tornado的自定义session
1.应用工厂方法模式定义session保存的位置,用户只需在配置文件修改即可
class SessionFactory:@staticmethoddef get_session_obj(handler):obj = Noneif config.SESSION_TYPE == "cache": #缓存obj = CacheSession(handler)elif config.SESSION_TYPE == "memcached": #memcached
obj = MemcachedSession(handler) elif config.SESSION_TYPE == "redis": #radis obj = RedisSession(handler) return obj
2.缓存session
classCacheSession:session_container={}session_id= "__sessionId__"def __init__(self, handler):self.handler=handlerclient_random_str=handler.get_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, None)if client_random_str and client_random_str inCacheSession.session_container:self.random_str=client_random_strelse:self.random_str=create_session_id()CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str]={}expires_time= time.time() +config.SESSION_EXPIREShandler.set_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, self.random_str, expires=expires_time)def __getitem__(self, key):ret=CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str].get(key, None)returnretdef __setitem__(self, key, value):CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str][key]=valuedef __delitem__(self, key):if key inCacheSession.session_container[self.random_str]:del CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str][key]
缓存session
3.memcache session
importmemcacheconn= memcache.Client(['192.168.11.119:12000'], debug=True, cache_cas=True)classMemcachedSession:session_id= "__sessionId__"def __init__(self, handler):self.handler=handler#从客户端获取随机字符串client_random_str =handler.get_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, None)#如果从客户端获取到了随机字符串# if client_random_str andconn.get(client_random_str):self.random_str=client_random_strelse:self.random_str=create_session_id()conn.set(self.random_str, json.dumps({}), config.SESSION_EXPIRES)#CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str] = {}
conn.set(self.random_str, conn.get(self.random_str), config.SESSION_EXPIRES)expires_time= time.time() +config.SESSION_EXPIREShandler.set_cookie(MemcachedSession.session_id, self.random_str, expires=expires_time)def __getitem__(self, key):#ret = CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str].get(key, None)ret =conn.get(self.random_str)ret_dict=json.loads(ret)result=ret_dict.get(key,None)returnresultdef __setitem__(self, key, value):ret=conn.get(self.random_str)ret_dict=json.loads(ret)ret_dict[key]=valueconn.set(self.random_str, json.dumps(ret_dict), config.SESSION_EXPIRES)#CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str][key] = valuedef __delitem__(self, key):ret=conn.get(self.random_str)ret_dict=json.loads(ret)delret_dict[key]conn.set(self.random_str, json.dumps(ret_dict), config.SESSION_EXPIRES)
memcache session
4.radis session
importredispool= redis.ConnectionPool(host='192.168.11.119', port=6379)
r= redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)classRedisSession:session_id= "__sessionId__"def __init__(self, handler):self.handler=handler#从客户端获取随机字符串client_random_str =handler.get_cookie(CacheSession.session_id, None)#如果从客户端获取到了随机字符串if client_random_str andr.exists(client_random_str):self.random_str=client_random_strelse:self.random_str=create_session_id()r.hset(self.random_str,None,None)#conn.set(self.random_str, json.dumps({}), config.SESSION_EXPIRES)#CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str] = {}
r.expire(self.random_str, config.SESSION_EXPIRES)#conn.set(self.random_str, conn.get(self.random_str), config.SESSION_EXPIRES)
expires_time= time.time() +config.SESSION_EXPIREShandler.set_cookie(RedisSession.session_id, self.random_str, expires=expires_time)def __getitem__(self, key):#ret = CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str].get(key, None)result =r.hget(self.random_str,key)ifresult:ret_str= str(result, encoding='utf-8')try:result=json.loads(ret_str)except:result=ret_strreturnresultelse:returnresultdef __setitem__(self, key, value):if type(value) ==dict:r.hset(self.random_str, key, json.dumps(value))else:r.hset(self.random_str, key, value)#CacheSession.session_container[self.random_str][key] = valuedef __delitem__(self, key):r.hdel(self.random_str,key)
radis session
九、验证码:
注:验证码需要依赖session。
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding:utf-8importrandomfrom PIL importImage, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter_letter_cases= "abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxy" #小写字母,去除可能干扰的i,l,o,z
_upper_cases = _letter_cases.upper() #大写字母
_numbers = ''.join(map(str, range(3, 10))) #数字
init_chars = ''.join((_letter_cases, _upper_cases, _numbers))def create_validate_code(size=(120, 30),chars=init_chars,img_type="GIF",mode="RGB",bg_color=(255, 255, 255),fg_color=(0, 0, 255),font_size=18,font_type="Monaco.ttf",length=4,draw_lines=True,n_line=(1, 2),draw_points=True,point_chance= 2):'''@todo: 生成验证码图片@param size: 图片的大小,格式(宽,高),默认为(120, 30)@param chars: 允许的字符集合,格式字符串@param img_type: 图片保存的格式,默认为GIF,可选的为GIF,JPEG,TIFF,PNG@param mode: 图片模式,默认为RGB@param bg_color: 背景颜色,默认为白色@param fg_color: 前景色,验证码字符颜色,默认为蓝色#0000FF@param font_size: 验证码字体大小@param font_type: 验证码字体,默认为 ae_AlArabiya.ttf@param length: 验证码字符个数@param draw_lines: 是否划干扰线@param n_lines: 干扰线的条数范围,格式元组,默认为(1, 2),只有draw_lines为True时有效@param draw_points: 是否画干扰点@param point_chance: 干扰点出现的概率,大小范围[0, 100]@return: [0]: PIL Image实例@return: [1]: 验证码图片中的字符串'''width, height= size #宽, 高img = Image.new(mode, size, bg_color) #创建图形draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img) #创建画笔defget_chars():'''生成给定长度的字符串,返回列表格式'''returnrandom.sample(chars, length)defcreate_lines():'''绘制干扰线'''line_num= random.randint(*n_line) #干扰线条数for i inrange(line_num):#起始点begin = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))#结束点end = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))draw.line([begin, end], fill=(0, 0, 0))defcreate_points():'''绘制干扰点'''chance= min(100, max(0, int(point_chance))) #大小限制在[0, 100]for w inrange(width):for h inrange(height):tmp= random.randint(0, 100)if tmp > 100 -chance:draw.point((w, h), fill=(0, 0, 0))defcreate_strs():'''绘制验证码字符'''c_chars=get_chars()strs= '%s' % ' '.join(c_chars) #每个字符前后以空格隔开
font=ImageFont.truetype(font_type, font_size)font_width, font_height=font.getsize(strs)draw.text(((width- font_width) / 3, (height - font_height) / 3),strs, font=font, fill=fg_color)return ''.join(c_chars)ifdraw_lines:create_lines()ifdraw_points:create_points()strs=create_strs()#图形扭曲参数params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 100,0,0,0,1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 100,float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,0.001,float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500]img= img.transform(size, Image.PERSPECTIVE, params) #创建扭曲
img= img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) #滤镜,边界加强(阈值更大)return img, strs
check_code.py
class CheckCodeHandler(BaseRequestHandler):def get(self, *args, **kwargs):stream = io.BytesIO()img, code = check_code.create_validate_code()img.save(stream, "png")self.session["CheckCode"] = code #利用session保存验证码self.write(stream.getvalue())
路由配置:(r"/check_code", account.CheckCodeHandler),
前端:
<img class="check-img" src="/check_code" alt="验证码" onclick="ChangeCode(this);">
js:
<script>function ChangeCode(ths) {ths.src += '?';}</script>
十、发送邮箱验证码
前端:
<div class="inp"><input class="regiter-temp" name="code" class="email-code" type="text" placeholder="请输入邮箱验证码" /><a onclick="SendCode(this);" class="fetch-code" >获取验证码</a>
</div>
js:
function SendCode(ths) {
// var email = $(ths).prev().val();var email = $('#email').val();$.ajax({url: '/send_code',type: 'POST',data: {em: email},success: function (arg) {console.log(arg);},error: function () {}});}
路由配置:
(r"/send_code", account.SendCodeHandler),
后台handler:
class SendCodeHandler(BaseRequestHandler):def post(self, *args, **kwargs):ret = {'status': True, "data": "", "error": ""}email = self.get_argument('em', None)if email:code = commons.random_code() #获取随机验证码message.email([email,], code) #发送验证码到邮箱conn = chouti_orm.session() #获取数据库session对象obj = chouti_orm.SendCode(email=email,code=code, stime=datetime.datetime.now()) #写入数据库conn.add(obj)conn.commit()else:ret['status'] = Falseret['error'] = "邮箱格式错误"self.write(json.dumps(ret))
发送邮箱验证码函数:
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddrdef email(email_list, content, subject="抽屉新热榜-用户注册"): #email_list邮件列表,content邮件内容,subject:发送标题msg = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8')msg['From'] = formataddr(["抽屉新热榜",'wptawy@126.com'])msg['Subject'] = subjectserver = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.126.com", 25) 邮箱引擎server.login("wptawy@126.com", "JUEmimima") #邮箱名,密码server.sendmail('wptawy@126.com', email_list, msg.as_string())server.quit()
十一、邮箱验证码之过期时间
案例:
html:
<a id="fetch_code" class="fetch-code" href="javascript:void(0);">获取验证码</a>
js:
function BindSendMsg(){$("#fetch_code").click(function(){$('#register_error_summary').empty(); #清空错误信息var email = $('#email').val(); #获取邮箱地址if(email.trim().length == 0){ #判断是否输入邮箱$('#register_error_summary').text('请输入注册邮箱');return;}if($(this).hasClass('sending')){ #判断是否已经发送return; }var ths = $(this);var time = 60; 设置倒计时时间为60s$.ajax({url: "/send_msg", type: 'POST',data: {email: email},dataType: 'json',success: function(arg){if(!arg.status){ #是否发送成功$('#register_error_summary').text(arg.summary); #不成功显示错误信息}else{ths.addClass('sending'); #成功后显示已发送状态var interval = setInterval(function(){ths.text("已发送(" + time + ")");time -= 1; #定时器每运行一次,计数器减1if(time <= 0){clearInterval(interval); #一分钟过完,清除定时器ths.removeClass('sending');# 移除已发送状态ths.text("获取验证码");# 恢复未发送状态}}, 1000);#定时器每隔1s运行一次}}});});}
附:一些常见模块:1.随机验证码获取:
defrandom_code():code= ''for i in range(4):current= random.randrange(0,4)if current !=i:temp= chr(random.randint(65,90))else:temp= random.randint(0,9)code+=str(temp)return code
随机验证码
2.md5加密
defgenerate_md5(value):r=str(time.time())obj= hashlib.md5(r.encode('utf-8'))obj.update(value.encode('utf-8'))return obj.hexdigest()
md5加密
十二、分页功能,该功能是基于tornado的自定义分页功能
案例:
前端:
<div class="pagination">{% raw str_page%} #展示原生html</div>
url配置:
(r"/index/(?P<page>\d*)", IndexHandler),
分页模块:
#!/usr/bin/env python#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-classPagination:def __init__(self, current_page, all_item):try:page=int(current_page)except:page= 1if page < 1:page= 1all_pager, c= divmod(all_item, 10)if c >0:all_pager+= 1self.current_page=pageself.all_pager=all_pager@propertydefstart(self):return (self.current_page - 1) * 10@propertydefend(self):return self.current_page * 10def string_pager(self, base_url="/index/"):list_page=[]if self.all_pager < 11:s= 1t= self.all_pager + 1else: #总页数大于11if self.current_page < 6:s= 1t= 12else:if (self.current_page + 5) <self.all_pager:s= self.current_page - 5t= self.current_page + 5 + 1else:s= self.all_pager - 11t= self.all_pager + 1#首页#first = '<a href="%s1">首页</a>' % base_url#list_page.append(first)#上一页#当前页 pageif self.current_page == 1:prev= '<a href="javascript:void(0);">上一页</a>'else:prev= '<a href="%s%s">上一页</a>' % (base_url, self.current_page - 1,)list_page.append(prev)for p in range(s, t): #1-11if p ==self.current_page:temp= '<a class="active" href="%s%s">%s</a>' %(base_url,p, p)else:temp= '<a href="%s%s">%s</a>' %(base_url,p, p)list_page.append(temp)if self.current_page ==self.all_pager:nex= '<a href="javascript:void(0);">下一页</a>'else:nex= '<a href="%s%s">下一页</a>' % (base_url, self.current_page + 1,)list_page.append(nex)#尾页last = '<a href="%s%s">尾页</a>' %(base_url, self.all_pager,)list_page.append(last)#跳转jump = """<input type='text' /><a onclick="Jump('%s',this);">GO</a>""" % ('/index/', )script= """<script>function Jump(baseUrl,ths){var val = ths.previousElementSibling.value;if(val.trim().length>0){location.href = baseUrl + val;}}</script>"""list_page.append(jump)list_page.append(script)str_page= "".join(list_page)return str_page
分页模块
注:Pagination实例化接收两个参数:当前页current_page、新闻总数all_item,其中current_page一般通过url分组元素直接获取
后台handler:
class IndexHandler(BaseRequestHandler):def get(self, page=1):conn = ORM.session() #获取数据库session对象all_count = conn.query(ORM.News).count()#计算新闻总数obj = Pagination(page, all_count) #实例化pagination对象current_user_id = self.session['user_info']['nid'] if self.session['is_login'] else 0 #如果登陆获取用户id,否则,用户id=0,下面的查询结果也为空result = conn.query(ORM.News.nid,ORM.News.title,ORM.News.url,ORM.News.content,ORM.News.ctime,ORM.UserInfo.username,ORM.NewsType.caption,ORM.News.favor_count,ORM.News.comment_count,ORM.Favor.nid.label('has_favor')).join(ORM.NewsType, isouter=True).join(ORM.UserInfo, isouter=True).join(ORM.Favor, and_(ORM.Favor.user_info_id == current_user_id, ORM.News.nid == ORM.Favor.news_id), isouter=True)[obj.start:10] #从每页开始向下取10条,即每页显示10条新闻conn.close()str_page = obj.string_pager('/index/') 获取页码的字符串格式htmlself.render('home/index.html', str_page=str_page, news_list=result)
十三、页面登陆验证(装饰器方式实现)
1.普通登陆验证
def auth_login_redirect(func):def inner(self, *args, **kwargs):if not self.session['is_login']:self.redirect(config.LOGIN_URL)returnfunc(self, *args, **kwargs)return inner
2.ajax提交数据的登陆验证
def auth_login_json(func):def inner(self, *args, **kwargs):if not self.session['is_login']:rep = BaseResponse()rep.summary = "auth failed"self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__))returnfunc(self, *args, **kwargs)return inner
十四、上传文件
前端:
<form style="display: inline-block" id="upload_img_form" name="form" action="/upload_image" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" ><a id="fakeFile" class="fake-file"><span>上传图片</span><input type="file" name="img" onchange="UploadImage(this);"/><input type="text" name="url" class="hide" /></a><iframe id='upload_img_iframe' name='upload_img_iframe' src="" class="hide"></iframe>
</form>
js:
function UploadImage(ths){document.getElementById('upload_img_iframe').onload = UploadImageComplete; #页面加载完成后执行UploadImageComplete函数document.getElementById('upload_img_form').target = 'upload_img_iframe'; 设置form提交到iframedocument.getElementById('upload_img_form').submit(); #提交到iframe}/*上传图片之后回掉函数*/function UploadImageComplete(){var origin = $("#upload_img_iframe").contents().find("body").text();#获取图片数据var obj = JSON.parse(origin); #转换成JavaScript对象if(obj.status){ #如果上传成功var img = document.createElement('img'); #创建img标签img.src = obj.data; 图片地址img.style.width = "200px";img.style.height = "180px";$("#upload_img_form").append(img);添加图片$('#fakeFile').addClass('hide');$('#reUploadImage').removeClass('hide');$('#fakeFile').find('input[type="text"]').val(obj.data);#保存图片地址到隐藏的input标签中}else{alert(obj.summary);#否则显示错误信息}}
路由配置:
(r"/upload_image", home.UploadImageHandler),
后台handler:
class UploadImageHandler(BaseRequestHandler):@decrator.auth_login_json #上传前登陆验证def post(self, *args, **kwargs):rep = BaseResponse() 前端回应类try:file_metas = self.request.files["img"] 获取图片列表for meta in file_metas:file_name = meta['filename'] #图片名file_path = os.path.join('statics', 'upload', commons.generate_md5(file_name)) #保存地址with open(file_path, 'wb') as up:up.write(meta['body']) #在服务器写入图片rep.status = True #写入成功rep.data = file_path except Exception as ex:rep.summary = str(ex)#错误信息self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__)) #反馈给前端
十五、文章发布
1.定义需要验证的form类
class IndexForm(BaseForm):def __init__(self):self.title = StringField() #标题self.content = StringField(required=False) 内容self.url = StringField(required=False) 图片urlself.news_type_id = IntegerField() 新闻类型super(IndexForm, self).__init__()
2.前端html:
<div class="f4"><a class="submit right" id="submit_img">提交</a><span class="error-msg right"></span>
</div>
3.js
function BindPublishSubmit(){$('#submit_link,#submit_text,#submit_img').click(function(){ // 获取输入内容并提交 var container = $(this).parent().parent(); var post_dict = {}; container.find('input[type="text"],textarea').each(function(){ post_dict[$(this).attr('name')] =$(this).val(); }); post_dict['news_type_id'] = container.find('.news-type .active').attr('value'); $.ajax({ url: '/index', type: 'POST', data: post_dict, dataType: 'json', success: function (arg) { if(arg.status){ window.location.href = '/index'; }else{ console.log(arg); } } }) }); }
后台handler:
@decrator.auth_login_json #发布前登陆验证def post(self, *args, **kwargs):rep = BaseResponse()form = IndexForm()#实例化Indexformif form.valid(self):# title,content,href,news_type,user_info_id
#写入数据库input_dict = copy.deepcopy(form._value_dict)input_dict['ctime'] = datetime.datetime.now()input_dict['user_info_id'] = self.session['user_info']['nid']conn = ORM.session()conn.add(ORM.News(**input_dict))conn.commit()conn.close()rep.status = True #写入成功else:rep.message = form._error_dict #错误信息self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__))
十六、点赞功能
前端html:
<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="digg-a" title="推荐" onclick="DoFavor(this,{{item[0]}});">{% if item[9] %} #是否已点过赞<span class="hand-icon icon-digg active"></span>{% else %}<span class="hand-icon icon-digg"></span>{% end %}<b id="favor_count_{{item[0]}}">{{item[7]}}</b> #点赞数量</a>
js:
function DoFavor(ths, nid) {if($('#action_nav').attr('is-login') == 'true'){ #登陆状态才能点赞$.ajax({url: '/favor',type: 'POST',data: {news_id: nid}, #携带当前新闻iddataType: 'json',success: function(arg){if(arg.status){var $favorCount = $('#favor_count_'+nid);var c = parseInt($favorCount.text());#获取当前点赞数量if(arg.code == 2301){ #当前用户以前没点过赞$favorCount.text(c + 1); #点赞数量加1$(ths).find('span').addClass('active'); 已经点过赞变深颜色AddFavorAnimation(ths); #+1动态效果}else if(arg.code == 2302){ #该用户以前对该新闻点过赞$favorCount.text(c - 1); #点赞数量减1$(ths).find('span').removeClass('active'); 取消点赞颜色变浅MinusFavorAnimation(ths); #-1动态效果}else{}}else{}}})}else{$('#accountDialog').removeClass('hide');$('.shadow').removeClass('hide');}}
后台handler:
class FavorHandler(BaseRequestHandler):@decrator.auth_login_json #点赞前登陆验证def post(self, *args, **kwargs):rep = BaseResponse()news_id = self.get_argument('news_id', None) #获取新闻idif not news_id:rep.summary = "新闻ID不能为空."else:user_info_id = self.session['user_info']['nid'] #获取当前用户idconn = ORM.session() #查询当前用户是否对该新闻点过赞has_favor = conn.query(ORM.Favor).filter(ORM.Favor.user_info_id == user_info_id,ORM.Favor.news_id == news_id).count()if has_favor: #如果已经点过赞,删除数据库点赞表favor点赞数据,更新数据库新闻表news点赞数量-1conn.query(ORM.Favor).filter(ORM.Favor.user_info_id == user_info_id,ORM.Favor.news_id == news_id).delete()conn.query(ORM.News).filter(ORM.News.nid == news_id).update({"favor_count": ORM.News.favor_count - 1}, synchronize_session="evaluate")rep.code = StatusCodeEnum.FavorMinus #返回已经点过赞的状态吗else:conn.add(ORM.Favor(user_info_id=user_info_id, news_id=news_id, ctime=datetime.datetime.now()))conn.query(ORM.News).filter(ORM.News.nid == news_id).update({"favor_count": ORM.News.favor_count + 1}, synchronize_session="evaluate")rep.code = StatusCodeEnum.FavorPlusconn.commit()conn.close()rep.status = True #操作成功self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__)) #返回给前端
点赞+1和-1动态效果js:
/*点赞+1效果*/functionAddFavorAnimation(ths){var offsetTop = -10;var offsetLeft = 20;var fontSize = 24;var opacity = 1;var tag = document.createElement('i');tag.innerText= "+1";tag.style.position= 'absolute';tag.style.top= offsetTop + 'px';tag.style.left= offsetLeft + 'px';tag.style.fontSize= fontSize + "px";tag.style.color= "#5cb85c";$(ths).append(tag);var addInterval = setInterval(function(){fontSize+= 5;offsetTop-= 15;offsetLeft+= 5;opacity-= 0.1;tag.style.top= offsetTop+ 'px';tag.style.left= offsetLeft+ 'px';tag.style.fontSize= fontSize + 'px';tag.style.opacity=opacity;if(opacity <= 0.5){tag.remove();clearInterval(addInterval);}},40)}
点赞+1效果
/*点赞-1效果*/functionMinusFavorAnimation(ths){var offsetTop = -10;var offsetLeft = 20;var fontSize = 24;var opacity = 1;var tag = document.createElement('i');tag.innerText= "-1";tag.style.position= 'absolute';tag.style.top= offsetTop + 'px';tag.style.left= offsetLeft + 'px';tag.style.fontSize= fontSize + "px";tag.style.color= "#787878";$(ths).append(tag);var addInterval = setInterval(function(){fontSize+= 5;offsetTop-= 15;offsetLeft+= 5;opacity-= 0.1;tag.style.top= offsetTop+ 'px';tag.style.left= offsetLeft+ 'px';tag.style.fontSize= fontSize + 'px';tag.style.opacity=opacity;if(opacity <= 0.5){tag.remove();clearInterval(addInterval);}},40)}
点赞-1效果
十七、评论功能
案例:
前端html:
<div class="box-r"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="pub-icons add-pub-btn add-pub-btn-unvalid" onclick="DoComment({{item[0]}})">评论</a> #携带新闻id<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="loading-ico loading-ico-top pub-loading-top hide">发布中...</a>
</div>
{% raw tree(comment_tree) %}
创建评论树字典函数:
defbuild_tree(comment_list):comment_dic=collections.OrderedDict()for comment_obj incomment_list:if comment_obj[2] isNone:#如果是根评论,添加到comment_dic[评论对象] = {}comment_dic[comment_obj] =collections.OrderedDict()else:#如果是回复的评论,则需要在 comment_dic 中找到其回复的评论
tree_search(comment_dic, comment_obj)return comment_dic
build_tree
递归生成评论树函数:
deftree_search(d_dic, comment_obj):#在comment_dic中一个一个的寻找其回复的评论#检查当前评论的 reply_id 和 comment_dic中已有评论的nid是否相同,#如果相同,表示就是回复的此信息#如果不同,则需要去 comment_dic 的所有子元素中寻找,一直找,如果一系列中未找,则继续向下找for k, v_dic ind_dic.items():#找回复的评论,将自己添加到其对应的字典中,例如: {评论一: {回复一:{},回复二:{}}}if k[0] == comment_obj[2]:d_dic[k][comment_obj]=collections.OrderedDict()returnelse:#在当前第一个跟元素中递归的去寻找父亲tree_search(d_dic[k], comment_obj)
tree_search
前端调用uimethod,生成评论html:
TEMP1 = """<li class="items" style='padding:8px 0 0 %spx;'><span class="folder" id='comment_folder_%s'><div class="comment-L comment-L-top"><a href="#" class="icons zhan-ico"></a><a href="/user/moyujian/submitted/1"><img src="/statics/images/1.jpg"></a></div><div class="comment-R comment-R-top" style="background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);"><div class="pp"><a class="name" href="/user/moyujian/submitted/1">%s</a><span class="p3">%s</span><span class="into-time into-time-top">%s</span></div><div class="comment-line-top"><div class="comment-state"><a class="ding" href="javascript:void(0);"><b>顶</b><span class="ding-num">[0]</span></a><a class="cai" href="javascript:void(0);"><b>踩</b><span class="cai-num">[0]</span></a><span class="line-huifu">|</span><a class="see-a jubao" href="javascript:void(0);">举报</a><span class="line-huifu">|</span><a class="see-a huifu-a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="reply(%s,%s,'%s')" id='comment_reply_%s' >回复</a></div></div></div></span>"""
deftree(self, comment_dic):html= ''for k, v incomment_dic.items():html+= TEMP1 %(0,k[0], k[3],k[1],k[4],k[7],k[0], k[3],k[0])html+= generate_comment_html(v, 16)html+= "</li>"returnhtmldefgenerate_comment_html(sub_comment_dic, margin_left_val):#html = '<ul style="background: url("/statics/images/pinglun_line.gif") 0px -10px no-repeat scroll transparent;margin-left:3px;">'html = '<ul>'for k, v_dic insub_comment_dic.items():html+= TEMP1 %(margin_left_val,k[0], k[3],k[1],k[4],k[7],k[0], k[3],k[0])ifv_dic:html+=generate_comment_html(v_dic, margin_left_val)html+= "</li>"html+= "</ul>"return html
uimethod
后台handler:
class CommentHandler(BaseRequestHandler):def get(self, *args, **kwargs): #展示评论信息 # comment_list需要按照时间从小到大排列 nid = self.get_argument('nid', 0) conn = ORM.session() comment_list = conn.query( ORM.Comment.nid, ORM.Comment.content, ORM.Comment.reply_id, ORM.UserInfo.username, ORM.Comment.ctime, ORM.Comment.up, ORM.Comment.down, ORM.Comment.news_id ).join(ORM.UserInfo, isouter=True).filter(ORM.Comment.news_id == nid).all() conn.close() """ comment_list = [ (1, '111',None), #评论id,评论内容,回复id,如果是None,则代表回复新闻 (2, '222',None), (3, '33',None), (9, '999',5), (4, '444',2), (5, '555',1), (6, '666',4), (7, '777',2), (8, '888',4), ] """ comment_tree = commons.build_tree(comment_list) #最终传递给前端的是一个字典 self.render('include/comment.html', comment_tree=comment_tree) @decrator.auth_login_json #提交评论前做登陆验证 def post(self, *args, **kwargs): #提交评论信息 rep = BaseResponse() #前端反馈类 form = CommentForm() #评论的form验证 if form.valid(self): #如果验证成功 form._value_dict['ctime'] = datetime.datetime.now() #获取当前时间 conn = ORM.session() #获取数据库session对象 # 将评论写入数据库 obj = ORM.Comment(user_info_id=self.session['user_info']['nid'], news_id=form._value_dict['news_id'], reply_id=form._value_dict['reply_id'], content=form._value_dict['content'], up=0, down=0, ctime=datetime.datetime.now()) conn.add(obj) conn.flush() conn.refresh(obj) #同时获取评论的自增id rep.data = { 'user_info_id': self.session['user_info']['nid'], 'username': self.session['user_info']['username'], 'nid': obj.nid, 'news_id': obj.news_id, 'ctime': obj.ctime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), 'reply_id': obj.reply_id, 'content': obj.content, } #更新数据库的评论数量 conn.query(ORM.News).filter(ORM.News.nid == form._value_dict['news_id']).update( {"comment_count": ORM.News.comment_count + 1}, synchronize_session="evaluate") conn.commit() conn.close() rep.status = True #评论成功的状态信息 else: rep.message = form._error_dict #错误信息 print(rep.__dict__) self.write(json.dumps(rep.__dict__)) #反馈给前端
js:
function DoComment(nid){var content = $("#comment_content_"+nid).val();var reply_id = $("#reply_id_"+nid).attr('target');if($('#action_nav').attr('is-login') == 'true'){ #已经登录才发ajax请求$.ajax({url: '/comment',type: 'POST',data: {content: content, reply_id:reply_id, news_id: nid},#发送评论内容,回复的评论id,新闻iddataType: 'json',success: function(arg){// 获取评论信息,将内容添加到指定位置console.log(arg);if(arg.status){$('#comment_content_' + arg.data.news_id).val('');var a = '<ul><li class="items" style="padding:8px 0 0 16px;"><span class="folder" id="comment_folder_';var b = arg.data.nid;var c = '"><div class="comment-L comment-L-top"><a href="#" class="icons zhan-ico"></a><a href="/user/moyujian/submitted/1"><img src="/statics/images/1.jpg"></a></div><div class="comment-R comment-R-top" style=""><div class="pp"><a class="name" href="/user/moyujian/submitted/1">';var d = arg.data.username;var e = '</a><span class="p3">';var f = arg.data.content;var g= '</span><span class="into-time into-time-top">';var h = arg.data.ctime;var i = '</span></div><div class="comment-line-top"><div class="comment-state"><a class="ding" href="javascript:void(0);"><b>顶</b><span class="ding-num">[0]</span></a><a class="cai" href="javascript:void(0);"><b>踩</b><span class="cai-num">[0]</span></a><span class="line-huifu">|</span> <a class="see-a jubao" href="javascript:void(0);">举报</a> <span class="line-huifu">|</span> <a class="see-a huifu-a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="';var j = "reply(" + arg.data.news_id + "," +arg.data.nid+",'"+arg.data.username+"')";var k = '">回复</a></div></div></div></span></li></ul>';var tag = a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k;console.log(arg,tag);if(arg.data.reply_id){$comment_folder = $('#comment_folder_' + arg.data.reply_id);$comment_folder.after(tag);}else{$('#comment_list_'+arg.data.news_id).append(tag);}}else{alert('error');}}})}else{$('#accountDialog').removeClass('hide');$('.shadow').removeClass('hide');}}
总结:本博客是基于tornado实现的较完整版web开发项目,汇集了form验证、点赞、评论等高级功能,欢迎大家参考并提出相关问题,本人会在看到的第一时间回复,最后,如果您觉得本文对您有参考价值,欢迎推荐,谢谢!
转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3579120/blog/1507654
tornado web高级开发项目之抽屉官网的页面登陆验证、form验证、点赞、评论、文章分页处理、发送邮箱验证码、登陆验证码、注册、发布文章、上传图片...相关推荐
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