Cobbler自动安装windows10

环境准备
安装制作winpe
上传win10和winPE镜像
配置cobbler
自动应答文件
注意事项

参考：
https://www.yuque.com/zhaoanjia/blog/cobbler-win10-win-server-2019#b15fbfd6
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1475480

环境准备

1.从官网下载安装windows ADK（两个文件），用于制作winpe

2.准备win10(1809)iso镜像

安装制作winpe

1.安装ADK和winPE

2.安装完成后，以管理员身份运行部署和映像工具环境(开始菜单中)
3.定制winpe

#### 本地生成winpe文件目录
copype amd64 C:\winpe#### dism 挂载 winpe的启动文件到winpe的mount目录
Dism /mount-image /imagefile:C:\winpe\media\sources\boot.wim /index:1 /mountdir:C:\winpe\mount#### 将启动命令硬编码写死到winpe的startnet.cmd文件里
#### 这里涉及配置samba共享服务器，详情见下面samba服务器配置
echo wpeinit > C:\winpe\mount\Windows\System32\startnet.cmd
echo ping 1.1.1.1 -n 1 -w 6000 >> C:\winpe\mount\Windows\System32\startnet.cmd#### 不知道为什么自动运行时，net use挂载网络盘老是报错
#### "System error 1231 has occurred",暂时不知道怎么解决
#### 尝试试用这条命令，让程序sleep 6秒，但貌似没用echo net use z: \\192.168.96.9\share >> C:\winpe\mount\Windows\System32\startnet.cmd
echo z:\win\setup.exe /unattend:z:\win\win10_x64_bios_auto.xml >> C:\winpe\mount\Windows\System32\startnet.cmd#### 取消挂载，并生成winpe_win10_amd64.iso
Dism /unmount-image /mountdir:C:\winpe\mount /commit
MakeWinPEMedia /ISO C:\winpe C:\winpe\winpe_win10_amd64.iso

上传win10和winPE镜像

1.复制win10镜像，以便通过网络传输和安装win10.iso

#### 将win10.iso上传服务器，通过挂载将文件copy到共享目录
mkdir -p /smb/win
mount -o loop,ro /tmp/cn_windows_10_business_edition_version_1809_updated_sept_2018_x64_dvd_84ac403f.iso /mnt/
cp -r /mnt/* /smb/win   ####*/
umount /mnt/

2.配置samba共享服务器，

yum install samba -y
#### 修改smb.conf
vi /etc/samba/smb.conf# /etc/samba/smb.conf
[global]
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
max log size = 5000
security = user
guest account = nobody
map to guest = Bad User
load printers = yes
cups options = raw[share]
comment = share directory目录
path = /smb/
directory mask = 0755
create mask = 0755
guest ok=yes
writable=yes

service smb start
systemctl enable smb

配置cobbler

Cobbler安装配置见

cobbler distro add --name=windows_10_x64 --kernel=/var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk --initrd=/home/iso/winpe_win10_amd64.iso --kopts="raw iso"touch /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/win10_x64_bios_auto.xml
####这里配置的应答文件貌似没有用到，
####安装过程中winpe的startnet.cmd直接通过SMB共享获取了win10_x64_bios_auto.xml
####这里的就当留个备份吧，别忘了将应答文件copy到/smb/win/
cobbler profile add --name=windows_10_x64 --distro=windows_10_x64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/win10_x64_bios_auto.xml

自动应答文件

干净的自动应答文件：win10_x64_bios_auto.xml
可从官网配置下载
自己手动配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend"><settings pass="windowsPE"><component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core-WinPE" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><SetupUILanguage><UILanguage>en-US</UILanguage></SetupUILanguage><SystemLocale>zh-CN</SystemLocale><InputLocale>zh-CN</InputLocale><UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage><UILanguageFallback>zh-CN</UILanguageFallback><UserLocale>zh-CN</UserLocale><LayeredDriver>1</LayeredDriver></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><UserData><ProductKey><Key>VK7JG-NPHTM-C97JM-9MPGT-3V66T</Key><WillShowUI>OnError</WillShowUI></ProductKey><AcceptEula>true</AcceptEula></UserData><EnableFirewall>true</EnableFirewall><EnableNetwork>true</EnableNetwork><Restart>Restart</Restart><UseConfigurationSet>true</UseConfigurationSet><DiskConfiguration><Disk wcm:action="add"><CreatePartitions><CreatePartition wcm:action="add"><Extend>true</Extend><Order>1</Order><Type>Primary</Type></CreatePartition></CreatePartitions><DiskID>0</DiskID><WillWipeDisk>true</WillWipeDisk><ModifyPartitions><ModifyPartition wcm:action="add"><Order>1</Order><PartitionID>1</PartitionID><Letter>C</Letter><Label>OS</Label><Format>NTFS</Format><Extend>false</Extend><Active>true</Active></ModifyPartition></ModifyPartitions></Disk></DiskConfiguration><ImageInstall><OSImage><InstallTo><DiskID>0</DiskID><PartitionID>1</PartitionID></InstallTo></OSImage></ImageInstall></component></settings><settings pass="specialize"><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP-UX" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><SkipAutoActivation>true</SkipAutoActivation></component></settings><settings pass="oobeSystem"><component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><InputLocale>zh-CN</InputLocale><SystemLocale>zh-CN</SystemLocale><UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage><UILanguageFallback>zh-CN</UILanguageFallback><UserLocale>zh-CN</UserLocale></component><component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><AutoLogon><Enabled>true</Enabled><LogonCount>1</LogonCount><Username>kc-pc</Username><Password><Value>UABhAHMAcwB3AG8AcgBkAA==</Value><PlainText>false</PlainText></Password></AutoLogon><OOBE><HideEULAPage>true</HideEULAPage><HideLocalAccountScreen>true</HideLocalAccountScreen><HideOEMRegistrationScreen>true</HideOEMRegistrationScreen><HideWirelessSetupInOOBE>true</HideWirelessSetupInOOBE><HideOnlineAccountScreens>true</HideOnlineAccountScreens><NetworkLocation>Work</NetworkLocation><ProtectYourPC>3</ProtectYourPC><UnattendEnableRetailDemo>false</UnattendEnableRetailDemo></OOBE><BluetoothTaskbarIconEnabled>false</BluetoothTaskbarIconEnabled><DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>true</DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet><DoNotCleanTaskBar>true</DoNotCleanTaskBar><RegisteredOrganization>KC</RegisteredOrganization><RegisteredOwner>kc-pc</RegisteredOwner><ShowWindowsLive>false</ShowWindowsLive><TimeZone>China Standard Time</TimeZone><UserAccounts><AdministratorPassword><Value>QQBkAG0AaQBuAGkAcwB0AHIAYQB0AG8AcgBQAGEAcwBzAHcAbwByAGQA</Value><PlainText>false</PlainText></AdministratorPassword><LocalAccounts><LocalAccount wcm:action="add"><Password><Value>UABhAHMAcwB3AG8AcgBkAA==</Value><PlainText>false</PlainText></Password><Name>kc-pc</Name><Group>Administrators</Group><DisplayName>kc-pc</DisplayName></LocalAccount></LocalAccounts></UserAccounts></component></settings><cpi:offlineImage cpi:source="wim:d:/install.wim#Windows 10 Enterprise" xmlns:cpi="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:cpi" />
</unattend>

注意事项

1.winpe的SetupUILanguage要写en-US

2.制作winpe在startnet.cmd中配置的net use 网络挂载用的是固定的IP地址，这个比较死板，如果共享地址变更，或被占用，需要重新制作winpe
建议方向：
①.可将IP配置成域名，到时候修改地址解析就行(未实测)
②.如果将文件获取改成通过U盘的话，也不错(不过貌似失去了批量安装的意义)

3.学习过程中涉及多次测试，当安装成功一次后，再次通过网络安装，从服务器获得winpe后，不从内存启动，会自动跳转通过硬盘启动系统？？？(有哪位大佬知道原理，或修改方法，忘告知)