0.前言

类似于数据库的基本操作增删改查，工作中会经常出现使用python完成文件操作。

本文作者实现文件操作相关函数。

1.增

1.1 写入内容给文本文件

def writeTextFile(filePath, fileContent, encoding='utf8'):

with open(filePath, 'w', encoding=encoding) as file:

file.write(fileContent)

1.2 复制文件夹

函数copyDirectory比shutil.copytree功能更强大，更不容易报错。

import os

import shutil

def copyDirectory(old_dirPath, new_dirPath):

if not os.path.isdir(old_dirPath):

print('旧文件夹路径错误，不存在此文件夹')

return

fileName_list = list(os.walk(old_dirPath))[0][2]

if not os.path.isdir(new_dirPath):

os.makedirs(new_dirPath)

for fileName in fileName_list:

old_filePath = os.path.join(old_dirPath, fileName)

new_filePath = os.path.join(new_dirPath, fileName)

shutil.copy(old_filePath, new_filePath)

dirName_list = list(os.walk(old_dirPath))[0][1]

for dirName in dirName_list:

old_subDirPath = os.path.join(old_dirPath, dirName)

new_subDirPath = os.path.join(new_dirPath, dirName)

copyDirectory(old_subDirPath, new_subDirPath)

2.删

2.1 删除文件夹

本文作者使用过shutil库的rmtree函数， 此函数经常报错OS Error，所以自己编写deleteDirectory函数。

import os

def deleteDirectory(dirPath):

for walk in os.walk(dirPath):

dirPath_2 = walk[0]

fileName_list = walk[2]

for fileName in fileName_list:

filePath = os.path.join(dirPath_2, fileName)

os.remove(filePath)

for walk in list(os.walk(dirPath))[::-1]:

dirPath_2 = walk[0]

dirName_list = walk[1]

for dirName in dirName_list:

dirPath_3 = os.path.join(dirPath_2, dirName)

os.rmdir(dirPath_3)

if os.path.isdir(dirPath):

os.rmdir(dirPath)

2.2 创建空文件夹

import os

def makeDirectoryEmpty(dirPath):

if os.path.isdir(dirPath):

for walk in os.walk(dirPath):

dirPath_2 = walk[0]

fileName_list = walk[2]

for fileName in fileName_list:

filePath = os.path.join(dirPath_2, fileName)

os.remove(filePath)

for walk in list(os.walk(dirPath))[::-1]:

dirPath_2 = walk[0]

dirName_list = walk[1]

for dirName in dirName_list:

dirPath_3 = os.path.join(dirPath_2, dirName)

os.rmdir(dirPath_3)

else:

os.makedirs(dirPath)

3.改

3.1 批量修改图片大小

import os

from PIL import Image

def getFilePathList(dirPath, partOfFileName=''):

allFileName_list = list(os.walk(dirPath))[0][2]

fileName_list = [k for k in allFileName_list if partOfFileName in k]

filePath_list = [os.path.join(dirPath, k) for k in fileName_list]

return filePath_list

def batchResizeImage(oldDirPath, newDirPath, height, width):

if not os.path.isdir(newDirPath):

os.mkdir(newDirPath)

jpgFilePath_list = getFilePathList(oldDirPath, '.jpg')

for jpgFilePath in jpgFilePath_list:

image = Image.open(jpgFilePath)

resized_image = image.resize((height, weight), Image.ANTIALIAS)

jpgFileName = os.path.split(jpgFilePath)[1]

saveFilePath = os.path.join(newDirPath, jpgFileName)

resized_image.save(saveFilePath)

oldDirPath = 'source_images'

newDirPath = 'train_images'

height = 640

width = 640

batchResizeImage(oldDirPath, newDirPath, height, width)

4.查

4.1 查询文件夹中的文件

import os

def getFileNameList(dirPath, partOfFileName=''):

allFileName_list = list(os.walk(dirPath))[0][2]

fileName_list = [k for k in allFileName_list if partOfFileName in k]

return fileName_list

def getFilePathList(dirPath, partOfFileName=''):

allFileName_list = list(os.walk(dirPath))[0][2]

fileName_list = [k for k in allFileName_list if partOfFileName in k]

filePath_list = [os.path.join(dirPath, k) for k in fileName_list]

return filePath_list

def getFilePathList_2(dirPath, partOfFileName=''):

filePath_list = []

for walk in os.walk(dirPath):

subDirPath = walk[0]

fileName_list = [k for k in walk[2] if partOfFileName in k]

filePath_list.extend([os.path.join(subDirPath, k) for k in fileName_list])

return filePath_list

4.2 读取文本文件

def readTextFile(filePath, encoding='utf8'):

with open(filePath, encoding=encoding) as file:

return file.read()

4.3 根据文件夹路径dirPath、文件中内容partOfFileContent、文件名partOfFileName得出文件路径

传入3个参数：文件夹路径dirPath、指定内容partOfFileContent、代码文件后缀名suffixOfFileName

import os

def searchFileContent(dirPath, partOfFileContent, partOfFileName=''):

dirPath = os.path.expanduser(dirPath)

for walk in os.walk(dirPath):

fileName_list = walk[2]

filePath_list = [os.path.join(walk[0], k) for k in fileName_list if partOfFileName in k]

for filePath in filePath_list:

try:

with open(filePath, encoding='gbk') as file:

fileContent = file.read()

except Exception as e:

try:

with open(filePath, encoding='utf8') as file:

fileContent = file.read()

except Exception as e:

pass

if partOfFileContent=='' or partOfFileContent in fileContent:

print(filePath)