ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference

1. Inline Declarations - 内联声明

Description	Before 7.40	With 7.40
Data statement	DATA text TYPE string. text = `ABC`.	DATA(text) = `ABC`.
Loop at into work area	DATA wa like LINE OF itab. LOOP AT itab INTO wa. … ENDLOOP.	LOOP AT itab INTO DATA(wa). … ENDLOOP.
Call method	DATA a1 TYPE … DATA a2 TYPE … oref->meth( IMPORTING p1 = a1 IMPORTING p2 = a2).	oref->meth( IMPORTING p1 = DATA(a1) IMPORTING p2 = DATA(a2) ).
Loop at assigning	FIELD-SYMBOLS: <line> type … LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING <line>. … ENDLOOP.	LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>). … ENDLOOP.
Read assigning	FIELD-SYMBOLS: <line> type … READ TABLE itab ASSIGNING <line>.	READ TABLE itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>).
Select into table	DATA itab TYPE TABLE OF dbtab. *SELECT FROM dbtab INTO TABLE itab WHERE fld1 =lv_fld1.**	*SELECT FROM dbtab INTO TABLE DATA(itab) WHERE fld1 = @lv_fld1.**
Select single into	SELECT SINGLE f1 f2 FROM dbtab INTO (lv_f1, lv_f2) WHERE … WRITE: / lv_f1, lv_f2.	SELECT SINGLE f1 AS my_f1, F2 AS abc FROM dbtab INTO DATA(ls_structure) WHERE … WRITE: / ls_structure-my_f1, ls_structure-abc.

2. Table Expressions - 内表读取

If a table line is not found, the exception CX_SY_ITAB_LINE_NOT_FOUND is raised. No sy-subrc.

如果找不到内表行，则触发异常CX_SY_ITAB_LINE_NOT_FOUND 。没有sy-subrc。

Description	Before 7.40	With 7.40
Read Table index	READ TABLE itab INDEX idx INTO wa.	wa = itab[ idx ].
Read Table using key	READ TABLE itab INDEX idx USING KEY key INTO wa.	wa = itab[ KEY key INDEX idx ].
Read Table with key	READ TABLE itab WITH KEY col1 = … col2 = … INTO wa.	wa = itab[ col1 = … col2 = …].
Read Table with key components	READ TABLE itab WITH TABLE KEY key COMPONENTS col1 = … col2 = … INTO wa.	wa = itab[ KEY key col1 = … col2 = …].
Does record exist?	READ TABLE itab … TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. IF sy-subrc = 0. … ENDIF.	IF line_exists( itab[ … ] ). … ENDIF.
Get table index	DATA idx type sy-tabix. READ TABLE … TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. idx = sy-tabix.	DATA(idx) = line_index( itab[ … ] ).

NB: There will be a short dump if you use an inline expression that references a non-existent record.

SAP says you should therefore assign a field symbol and check sy-subrc.

注意：如果使用内联表达式引用一个不存在的记录，则会出现Dump。SAP因此建议应该指定一个字段符号并检查sy-subrc。

ASSIGN lt_tab[ 1 ] to FIELD–SYMBOL(<ls_tab>).
IF sy–subrc = 0.
…
ENDIF.

NB: Use itab [ table_line = … ] for untyped tables.

注意：对于非类型化的表使用itab [ table_line = … ]

3. Conversion Operator CONV - 转换运算符CONV

I. Definition

CONV dtype|#( … )

dtype = Type you want to convert to (explicit)

# = compiler must use the context to decide the type to convert to (implicit)

II. Example

Method cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to expects a string

4. Value Operator VALUE - 值运算符VALUE

I. Definition

变量Variables: VALUE dtype|#( )

结构Structures: VALUE dtype|#( comp1 = a1 comp2 = a2 … )

内表Tables: VALUE dtype|#( ( … ) ( … ) … ) …

II. Example for structures

 TYPES:  BEGIN OF ty_columns1, “Simple structurecols1 TYPE i, cols2 TYPE i, END OF ty_columns1.TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_columnns2,  “Nested structurecoln1 TYPE i, coln2 TYPE ty_columns1, END OF ty_columns2.DATA: struc_simple TYPE ty_columns1, struc_nest    TYPE ty_columns2.struct_nest   = VALUE t_struct(coln1 = 1 coln2-cols1 = 1 coln2-cols2 = 2 ).

     struct_nest   = VALUE t_struct(coln1 = 1 coln2 = VALUE #( cols1 = 1 cols2 = 2 ) ).

III. Examples for internal tables

Elementary line type:

TYPES t_itab TYPE TABLE OF i WITH EMPTY KEY.DATA itab TYPE t_itab.itab = VALUE #( ( ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ).Structured line type (RANGES table):DATA itab TYPE RANGE OF i.itab = VALUE #( sign = ‘I’  option = ‘BT’ ( low = 1  high = 10 )
( low = 21 high = 30 )
( low = 41 high = 50 )
option = ‘GE’ ( low = 61 )  ).

5. FOR operator - FOR操作符

I. Definition

FOR wa|<fs> IN itab [INDEX INTO idx] [cond]

II. Explanation

This effectively causes a loop at itab. For each loop the row read is assigned to a work area (wa) or field-symbol(<fs>).

This wa or <fs> is local to the expression i.e. if declared in a subrourine the variable wa or <fs> is a local variable of

that subroutine. Index like SY-TABIX in loop.

这样就高效的循环了内表itab。对于每个循环，读取的每一行行被分配给工作区（wa）或字段符号（<fs>）。

这里的wa或<fs>是表达式的局部变量，即如果在子例程中声明，则变量wa或<fs>也属于那个子程序的局部变量。类似SY-TABIX这样的索引在循环中的使用。

Given:

TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_ship,tknum TYPE tknum,     “Shipment Numbername  TYPE ernam,     “Name of Person who Created the Objectcity  TYPE ort01,     “Starting cityroute TYPE route,     “Shipment routeEND OF ty_ship.
TYPES: ty_ships TYPE SORTED TABLE OF ty_ship WITH UNIQUE KEY tknum.
TYPES: ty_citys TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ort01 WITH EMPTY KEY.

GT_SHIPS type ty_ships. -> 已填充如下值:

III. Example 1

Populate internal table GT_CITYS with the cities from GT_SHIPS.

IV. Example 2

Populate internal table GT_CITYS with the cities from GT_SHIPS where the route is R0001.

Note: ls_ship does not appear to have been declared but it is declared implicitly.

V. FOR with THEN and UNTIL|WHILE

FOR i = … [THEN expr] UNTIL|WHILE log_exp

Populate an internal table as follows:

TYPES:BEGIN OF ty_line,col1 TYPE i,col2 TYPE i,col3 TYPE i,END OF ty_line,ty_tab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_line WITH EMPTY KEY.

6. Reduction operator REDUCE - 缩减运算符REDUCE

I. Definition

… REDUCE type(

INIT result = start_value

…

FOR for_exp1

FOR for_exp2

…

NEXT …

result = iterated_value

… )

II. Note

While VALUE and NEW expressions can include FOR expressions, REDUCE must include at least one FOR expression. You can use all kinds of FOR expressions in REDUCE:

with IN for iterating internal tables
with UNTIL or WHILE for conditional iterations

虽然VALUE和NEW 表达式可以包含FOR表达式，但REDUCE必须至少包含一个FOR表达式。您可以在REDUCE中使用各种FOR表达式：

带IN用于迭代内表
有UNTIL 或者 WHILE的条件迭代

III. Example 1

Count lines of table that meet a condition (field F1 contains “XYZ”).

计算满足条件的内表行数（字段F1包含“XYZ”的）。

IV. Example 2

Sum the values 1 to 10 stored in the column of a table defined as follows

将存储在表中的值1和10相加，定义如下

DATA gt_itab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF i WITH EMPTY KEY.
gt_itab = VALUE #( FOR j = 1 WHILE j <= 10 ( j ) ).

V. Example 3

Using a class reference – works because “write” method returns reference to instance object

7. Conditional operators COND and SWITCH - 条件运算符COND 和SWITCH

I. Definition

… COND dtype|#( WHEN log_exp1 THEN result1
[ WHEN log_exp2 THEN result2 ]
…
[ ELSE resultn ] ) …

… SWITCH dtype|#( operand
WHEN const1 THEN result1
[ WHEN const2 THEN result2 ]
…
[ ELSE resultn ] ) …

II. Example for COND

DATA(time) =COND string(WHEN sy-timlo < ‘120000’ THEN|{ sy-timlo TIME = ISO } AM|WHEN sy-timlo > ‘120000’ THEN|{ CONV t( sy-timlo – 12 * 3600 )TIME = ISO } PM|WHEN sy-timlo = ‘120000’ THEN|High Noon|ELSETHROW cx_cant_be( ) ).

III. Example for SWITCH

DATA(text) =
NEW class( )->meth(SWITCH #( sy-languWHEN ‘D’ THEN `DE`WHEN ‘E’ THEN `EN`ELSE THROW cx_langu_not_supported( ) ) ).

8. CORRESPONDING operator - CORRESPONDING 运算符

I. Definition

… CORRESPONDING type( [BASE ( base )] struct|itab [mapping|except] )

II. Example Code

TYPES: BEGIN OF line1, col1 TYPE i, col2 TYPE i, END OF line1.
TYPES: BEGIN OF line2, col1 TYPE i, col2 TYPE i, col3 TYPE i, END OFline2.DATA(ls_line1) = VALUE line1( col1 = 1 col2 = 2 ).
WRITE: / ‘ls_line1 =’ ,15 ls_line1–col1, ls_line1–col2.
DATA(ls_line2) = VALUE line2( col1 = 4 col2 = 5 col3 = 6 ).
WRITE: / ‘ls_line2 =’ ,15 ls_line2–col1, ls_line2–col2,ls_line2–col3.
SKIP 2.ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING #( ls_line1 ).
WRITE: / ‘ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING #( ls_line1 )’,70 ‘Result is ls_line2 = ‘     ,ls_line2–col1, ls_line2–col2, ls_line2–col3.
SKIP.ls_line2 = VALUE line2( col1 = 4 col2 = 5 col3 = 6 ).   “Restore ls_line2
ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING #( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 ).
WRITE: / ‘ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING #( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 )’, 70 ‘Result is ls_line2 = ‘, ls_line2–col1, ls_line2–col2, ls_line2–col3.
SKIP.ls_line2 = VALUE line2( col1 = 4 col2 = 5 col3 = 6 ).   “Restore ls_line2
DATA(ls_line3) = CORRESPONDING line2( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1).
WRITE: / ‘DATA(ls_line3) = CORRESPONDING line2( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 )’, 70 ‘Result is ls_line3 = ‘ , ls_line3–col1, ls_line3–col2, ls_line3–col3.

III. Output

IV. Explanation

Given structures ls_line1 & ls_line2 defined and populated as above.

给定结构ls_line1和ls_line2的定义和填充如上所述。

1、The contents of ls_line1 are moved to ls_line2 where there is a matching column name. Where there is no match the column of ls_line2 is initialised.

当有匹配的列名时将ls_line1的内容移动到ls_line2。如果没有匹配项，则初始化ls_line2的列。

2、This uses the existing contents of ls_line2 as a base and overwrites the matching columns from ls_line1.This is exactly like MOVE-CORRESPONDING.

将ls_line2的现有内容作为基础，并根据ls_line1中的匹配列进行覆盖。这完全像MOVE-CORRESPONDING。

3、This creates a third and new structure (ls_line3) which is based on ls_line2 but overwritten by matching columns of ls_line1.

创建第三个新结构（ls_line3），该结构基于ls_line2，然后ls_line2被ls_line1的匹配列覆盖。

V. Additions MAPPING and EXCEPT

MAPPING allows you to map fields with non-identically named components to qualify for the data transfer.

映射允许您映射名字不匹配的组件字段，以符合数据传输的条件。

… MAPPING t1 = s1 t2 = s2

EXCEPT allows you to list fields that must be excluded from the data transfer.

EXCEPT允许您列出必须从数据传输中排除的字段。

… EXCEPT {t1 t2 …}

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