ABAP 7.40 Quick Reference

9.Strings - 字符串

I. String Templates 字符串模板

A string template is enclosed by two characters “|” and creates a character string.

字符串模板由两个“|”字符括起来，创建一个字符串。

Literal text consists of all characters that are not in braces {}. The braces can contain:

字面文本包含所有不在大括号{}内的字符。大括号内可包括如下内容:

data objects, 数据对象
calculation expressions, 计算表达式
constructor expressions, 构造器表达式
table expressions, 内表表达式
predefined functions, 预定义功能
functional methods and method chainings, 功能方法和方法链

下面这个例子就是在大括号内包含了内表表达式，取的内表条件满足某个条件的某个值字段。

II. Concatenation 串联

III. Width/Alignment/Padding 宽度/对齐/填充

WRITE / |{ 'LEFT'       WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = LEFT      PAD = '0' }|.
WRITE / |{ 'CENTRE'   WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = CENTER  PAD = '0' }|.
WRITE / |{ 'RIGHT'     WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = RIGHT     PAD = '0' }|.

IV. Case

原态，大写，小写

WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (CL_ABAP_FORMAT=>C_RAW)   }|.
WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (CL_ABAP_FORMAT=>C_UPPER) }|.
WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (CL_ABAP_FORMAT=>C_LOWER) }|.

V. ALPHA conversion

DATA(LV_VBELN) = '0000012345'.
WRITE / |{ LV_VBELN  ALPHA = OUT }|. "or use ALPHA = IN to go in other direction

VI. Date conversion

WRITE / |{ PA_DATE DATE = ISO }|.           "Date Format YYYY-MM-DD
WRITE / |{ PA_DATE DATE = USER }|.          "As per user settings
WRITE / |{ PA_DATE DATE = ENVIRONMENT }|.   "Formatting setting of language environment

10. Loop at Group By

I. Definition 定义

LOOP AT itab result [cond] GROUP BY key ( key1 = dobj1 key2 = dobj2 …
      [gs = GROUP SIZE] [gi = GROUP INDEX] )
      [ASCENDING|DESCENDING [AS TEXT]]
      [WITHOUT MEMBERS]
      [{INTO group}|{ASSIGNING <group>}]
      …
      [LOOP AT GROUP group|<group>
      …
      ENDLOOP.]
      …

ENDLOOP.

II. Explanation 解释

The outer loop will do one iteration per key. So if 3 records match the key there will only be one iteration for these 3 records. The structure “group” (or “<group>” ) is unusual in that it can be looped over using the “LOOP AT GROUP” statement. This will loop over the 3 records (members) of the group. The structure “group” also contains the current key as well as the size of the group and index of the group ( if GROUP SIZE and GROUP INDEX have been assigned a field name). This is best understood by an example.

外部循环将对每个键执行一次迭代。因此，如果3条记录与关键值匹配，那么这3条记录将只有一次迭代。结构“group”（或“<group>”）不常见，因为它可以使用“LOOP AT group”语句循环。这将循环访问组的3个记录（成员）。结构“group”还包含当前键、组的大小和组的索引（如果组大小和组索引已分配了字段名）。这一点最好通过一个例子来理解。

III. Example 举例

TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_EMPLOYEE,NAME TYPE CHAR30,ROLE TYPE CHAR30,AGE  TYPE I,END OF TY_EMPLOYEE,TY_EMPLOYEE_T TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_EMPLOYEE WITH KEY NAME.
DATA(GT_EMPLOYEE) = VALUE TY_EMPLOYEE_T(
( NAME = 'Mao'         ROLE = 'ABAP guru'       AGE = 29 )
( NAME = 'Zhangjie'    ROLE = 'FI Consultant'   AGE = 33 )
( NAME = 'Hujianchun'  ROLE = 'ABAP guru'       AGE = 37 )
( NAME = 'XiaoLiu'     ROLE = 'FI Consultant'   AGE = 31 )
( NAME = 'Xiuxianhai'  ROLE = 'ABAP guru'       AGE = 30 )
( NAME = 'Huangping'   ROLE = 'SD Consultant'   AGE = 42 ) ).
DATA: GV_TOT_AGE TYPE I,GV_AVG_AGE TYPE DECFLOAT34.
"Loop with grouping on Role
LOOP AT GT_EMPLOYEE INTO DATA(LS_EMPLOYEE)GROUP BY ( ROLE  = LS_EMPLOYEE-ROLESIZE  = GROUP SIZEINDEX = GROUP INDEX )ASCENDINGASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<GROUP>).CLEAR: GV_TOT_AGE."Output info at group levelWRITE: / |Group:{ <GROUP>-INDEX }    Role: { <GROUP>-ROLE WIDTH = 15 }|& |     Number in this role: { <GROUP>-SIZE }|."Loop at members of the groupLOOP AT GROUP <GROUP> ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_MEMBER>).GV_TOT_AGE = GV_TOT_AGE + <LS_MEMBER>-AGE.WRITE: /13 <LS_MEMBER>-NAME.ENDLOOP."Average ageGV_AVG_AGE = GV_TOT_AGE / <GROUP>-SIZE.WRITE: / |Average age: { GV_AVG_AGE }|.SKIP.
ENDLOOP.

IV. Output 输出结果

11. Classes/Methods 类/方法

I. Referencing fields within returned structures 引用返回结构中的字段

II. Methods that return a type BOOLEAN 返回布尔类型的方法

NB : The type “BOOLEAN” is not a true Boolean but a char1 with allowed values X,- and <blank>.

Using type “FLAG” or “WDY_BOOLEAN” works just as well.

注意：类型“BOOLEAN”不是真正的布尔类型，而是一个char1，其允许值为X，-和空。使用类型“FLAG”或“WDY_BOOLEAN”也同样可以。

III. NEW operator - NEW运算符

This operator can be used to instantiate an object.此运算符可用于实例化对象。

12. Meshes 网格

Allows an association to be set up between related data groups.

允许在相关数据组之间设置关联。

I.Problem

Given the following 2 internal tables:

给出以下两个内表：

TYPES: BEGIN OF t_manager,
name   TYPE char10,
salary TYPE int4,
END OF t_manager,
tt_manager TYPE SORTED TABLE OF t_manager WITH UNIQUE KEY name.TYPES: BEGIN OF t_developer,
name    TYPE char10,
salary  TYPE int4,
manager TYPE char10,   “Name of manager
END OF t_developer,
tt_developer TYPE SORTED TABLE OF t_developer WITH UNIQUE KEY name.

Populated as follows:填充如下值

Get the details of Jerry’s manager and all developers managed by Thomas.

II. Solution

TYPES: BEGIN OF MESH M_TEAM,MANAGERS   TYPE TT_MANAGER  ASSOCIATION MY_EMPLOYEE TO DEVELOPERSON MANAGER = NAME,DEVELOPERS TYPE TT_DEVELOPER ASSOCIATION MY_MANAGER TO MANAGERSON NAME = MANAGER,END OF MESH M_TEAM.
DATA: LS_TEAM TYPE M_TEAM.
LS_TEAM-MANAGERS   = LT_MANAGER.
LS_TEAM-DEVELOPERS = LT_DEVELOPER.
*Get details of Jerry’s manager *
"get line of dev table
ASSIGN LT_DEVELOPER[ NAME = 'JERRY' ] TO FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_JERRY>).
DATA(LS_JMANAGER) =  LS_TEAM–DEVELOPERS\MY_MANAGER[ <LS_JERRY> ].
WRITE: / |Jerry's manager:{ LS_JMANAGER-NAME }|,30|Salary:{ LS_JMANAGER-SALARY }|."Get Thomas’ developers
SKIP.
WRITE: / |Thomas'developers:|.
"line of manager table
ASSIGN LT_MANAGER[ NAME = 'Thomas' ] TO FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_THOMAS>).
LOOP AT LS_TEAM–MANAGERS\MY_EMPLOYEE[ <LS_THOMAS> ]ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_EMP>).WRITE: / |Employee name: { <LS_EMP>-NAME }|.
ENDLOOP.

III. Output

Jerry's manager: Jason Salary: 3000
Thomas'developers:
Employee name: David
Employee name: Jack
Employee name: John

13. Filter 过滤器

Filter the records in a table based on records in another table.

根据另一个表中的记录筛选表中的记录。

I.Definition

… FILTER type( itab [EXCEPT] [IN ftab] [USING KEY keyname]
WHERE c1 op f1 [AND c2 op f2 […]] )

II. Problem

Filter an internal table of Flight Schedules (SPFLI) to only those flights based on a filter table that contains the fields Cityfrom and CityTo.

将航班计划的内表（SPFLI）筛选出仅包含基于Cityfrom和CityTo字段的航班表。

III. Solution

TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_FILTER,CITYFROM TYPE SPFLI-CITYFROM,CITYTO   TYPE SPFLI-CITYTO,F3       TYPE I,END OF TY_FILTER,TY_FILTER_TAB TYPE HASHED TABLE OF TY_FILTERWITH UNIQUE KEY CITYFROM CITYTO.
DATA: LT_SPLFI TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF SPFLI.
SELECT * FROM SPFLI APPENDING TABLE LT_SPLFI.
DATA(LT_FILTER) = VALUE TY_FILTER_TAB( F3 = 2( CITYFROM = 'NEW YORK'  CITYTO  ='SAN FRANCISCO' )( CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT' CITYTO = 'NEW YORK' )  ).
DATA(LT_MYRECS) = FILTER #( LT_SPLFI IN LT_FILTERWHERE CITYFROM = CITYFROMAND CITYTO = CITYTO ).
"Output filtered records
LOOP AT LT_MYRECS ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_REC>).WRITE: / <LS_REC>-CARRID,8 <LS_REC>-CITYFROM,30<LS_REC>-CITYTO,45 <LS_REC>-DEPTIME.
ENDLOOP.

Note: using the keyword “EXCEPT” (see definition above) would have returned the exact opposite records i.e all records EXCEPT for those those returned above.

注意：使用关键字“EXCEPT”（参见上面的定义）将返回完全相反的记录，即除上面返回的记录之外的所有记录。

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