介绍 (Introduction)

Microsoft SQL Server 2016 provides faster transactions and queries, deeper insights on any device, advanced analytics, new security technology, and new hybrid cloud scenarios. Along with these features, comes the new installation setup. Although it is similar to the installation of SQL Server 2014 and other older versions, there are few notable differences:

Microsoft SQL Server 2016提供了更快的事务和查询，对任何设备的更深入的洞察，高级分析，新的安全技术以及新的混合云方案。 除这些功能外，还提供了新的安装设置。 尽管它与SQL Server 2014和其他旧版本的安装类似，但差异不大：

• System requirements have changed

  系统要求已更改

• SQL Server Management Studio has its own installation process, separated from installation of other services

  SQL Server Management Studio具有自己的安装过程，与其他服务的安装分开

• New features have been added, with their respective setup options

  添加了新功能及其各自的设置选项

系统要求 (System Requirements)

There are several hardware and software requirements that should be taken into consideration before installing new SQL Server 2016:

在安装新SQL Server 2016之前，应考虑几个硬件和软件要求：

1. 64 bit processor, with at least 1.4 GHz clock speed. Older 32 bit processors are not supported by the SQL Server 2016.

   64位处理器，时钟速度至少为1.4 GHz。 SQL Server 2016不支持较旧的32位处理器。

2. At least 512 MB of system memory is required, but be aware that some of the features require much more.

   至少需要512 MB的系统内存，但是请注意，某些功能还需要更多。

3. As for the hard drive – at least 6 GB of free space is required, and it heavily depends on additional features that could be installed. Detailed information on disk space requirements for each feature could be found here.

   至于硬盘驱动器-至少需要6 GB的可用空间，并且它在很大程度上取决于可以安装的其他功能。 有关每种功能的磁盘空间要求的详细信息，请参见此处 。

4. FAT32 filesystem is supported, but it is strongly recommended to avoid it, and use an NTFS formatted drives instead. FAT32 filesystems proved to be less secure then NTFS systems when using SQL Server 2016.

   支持FAT32文件系统，但强烈建议您避免使用它，而应使用NTFS格式的驱动器。 当使用SQL Server 2016时，事实证明FAT32文件系统不如NTFS系统安全。

5. Setup cannot be performed on Read-only, mapped or compressed drives.

   不能在只读，映射或压缩驱动器上执行设置。

6. Installing SQL Server 2016 on domain controllers is not recommended, since it can cause security conflicts.

   不建议在域控制器上安装SQL Server 2016，因为它可能导致安全冲突。

   Component	Requirements
   	Minimal	Recommended
   Processor Speed	1.4 GHz on x64 Processor	2 GHz or faster
   System Memory (RAM)	512 MB	1024 MB
   Hard Disk Space	6 GB	8 GB or more
   Operating System	Windows 8, Windows Server 2012	Windows 8 or later

   Systems that are currently supported for SQL Server 2016 installation are:

   • Windows 8 and 8.1 (All 64 bit editions)

   • Windows 10 (All 64 bit editions)

   • Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2

   Older systems like Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 are not supported by SQL Server 2016.

   Installation types

   There are four ways to install Microsoft SQL Server 2016. The easiest way to perform it is to use the installation wizard. There is also an option to install the program using Command Prompt, Configuration File or SysPrep. No matter which installation type is chosen, the installation files need to be downloaded from Microsoft’s website first. In order to get the download link, either create new Microsoft account, or sign in with the existing one. Choose the file type that will be used for the installation: ISO, CAB, or Azure file. For this demonstration, the ISO file will be used.

   

   After clicking on “Register to continue” button, additional information is required: name, email address, language, and country. There are some more fields that can be filled, but only the fields marked with * are necessary in order to access the download link. Click the Continue button, and download the file to the hard drive.

   Installation process

   Burn or mount the downloaded ISO image (SQLServer2016-x64-ENU.iso), and start the installation process.

   1. Starting the Autorun, or running the Setup.exe will initiate the SQL Server Installation Center. First tab that opens by default is Planning. Many useful links that are found here, lead to pages with more info on the product and installation instructions.

   2. It is always a good idea to run System Configuration Checker. It only takes a minute or two to complete, and can save you from possible issues in the future. If the system passes all the tests in System Configuration Checker, proceed to the next step.

      

   3. Clicking on the Installation tab in the upper left corner displays the standard installation options. It is noticeable that the options for SQL Server Services and SQL Server Management Tools stand separated, which was not the case in previous versions of SQL Server. To start the installation, click on New SQL Server Stand-alone installation or add features to an existing installation.

   4. Choose which SQL Server 2016 version to install. The Evaluation version gives access to all of the SQL Server 2016 features, as well as trial license limited to 180 days. Other versions can be chosen as well – but they require the activation key to be entered in the field beneath. In this example, the Evaluation version is used. Click Next to proceed.

      

   5. Read and accept License Terms. Check the box in front of I accept the license terms, and click Next.

   6. In this step, set the options for Microsoft Automatic Updates. Check the box to enable automatic updates, or leave it unchecked if you prefer to install them manually. Click Next.

   7. Wait for the Install Setup File and Install Rules to complete. It is possible to get the Windows Firewall warning after Install Rules check is completed. The warning occurs if port 1433 is closed by the Windows Firewall. The warning can be ignored at the moment, but the 1433 port will have to be configured later. There is also an option to specify another port(s) that will be used by SQL Server instance. Detailed instructions on how to configure Windows Firewall to enable Database Engine Access can be found here.

   8. On a Setup Role, choose to install All Features with defaults, or perform custom installation with features that you specify. In this example, the custom installation is chosen.

   9. In the Feature Selection step, select the features of the SQL Server that need to be installed. You can check the description for each feature on the upper right, as well as prerequisites for all selected features in the box bellow. On the lower right, the Disk Space Requirements are displayed. In comparison to older versions of SQL Server, it is noticeable that Management Tools feature (which installs SQL Server Management Studio) is missing, but it can be installed separately later. For the instance to work, it is only necessary to install Database Engine Services. The latest SQL Server 2016 feature, PolyBase Query Service for External Data, can also be installed, but be aware of additional requirements. At least 4 GB of RAM is required to use this feature, and the installation of Java Runtime Environment 7 Update 51 in the next step will be required. If needed, set Instant root directory and Shared feature directory paths manually on the bottom of the menu. When finished with the selection, click Next.

      

   10. If PolyBase Query Service is chosen in the previous step, the wizard will display the warning about failed test for Java Runtime Environment. Just click on the failed link on the right, and it should open the JRE download page.

   11. In the Instance Configuration step, choose the default, or named instance, and specify the Instance ID. Click Next to proceed.

   12. In Server configuration step, specify the accounts that can start SQL Server services. Set the startup options for any of these services to Manual, Automatic, or Disabled. Click Next when done.

       

   13. In Database Engine Configuration, under Server Configuration tab, specify the authentication mode and Administrator account(s) for the server. As in earlier versions, Windows Authentication mode and Mixed Authentication mode are available.

   14. After checking Feature Configuration Rules, the wizard proceeds to Ready to Install step. All of the settings that are specified earlier, can be reviewed here. Check the settings one last time, and click Install to start the installation.

   15. Wait for the installation to finish. The process may take some time, depending on hardware specifications.

   16. Optionally, install SQL Server Management Studio, so you could easily manage your databases. Start the autorun or setup.exe again, and under the settings tab, choose Install SQL Server Management Tools. This will open the download page for the latest version of SSMS. Click on the download link, and save the installation to the hard drive.

       

   17. Once the download completes, run the file to start SSMS setup. Just click on the Install button, and the installation should complete without any further setup options. Depending on the system, the computer restart might be required.

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   零件	要求
   	最小的	推荐的
   处理器速度	在x64处理器上为1.4 GHz	2 GHz或更快
   系统内存（RAM）	512兆字节	1024兆字节
   硬盘空间	6 GB	8 GB以上
   操作系统	Windows 8，Windows Server 2012	Windows 8或更高版本

   SQL Server 2016安装当前支持的系统是：

   • Windows 8和8.1（所有64位版本）

   • Windows 10（所有64位版本）

   • Windows Server 2012和2012 R2

   SQL Server 2016不支持Windows 7和Windows Server 2008等较旧的系统。

   安装类型

   有四种安装Microsoft SQL Server 2016的方法。执行它的最简单方法是使用安装向导。 还有一个选项可以使用命令提示符，配置文件或SysPrep安装程序。 无论选择哪种安装类型，都需要首先从Microsoft网站下载安装文件。 为了获得下载链接，请创建新的Microsoft帐户，或使用现有帐户登录。 选择将用于安装的文件类型：ISO，CAB或Azure文件。 对于此演示，将使用ISO文件。

   单击“注册以继续”按钮后，还需要其他信息：姓名，电子邮件地址，语言和国家/地区。 还有更多字段可以填写，但是只有带有*的字段才是必需的，才能访问下载链接。 单击继续按钮，然后将文件下载到硬盘驱动器。

   

   安装过程

   刻录或挂载下载的ISO映像（SQLServer2016-x64-ENU.iso），然后开始安装过程。

   1. 启动自动运行或运行Setup.exe将启动SQL Server安装中心。 默认情况下打开的第一个选项卡是Planning 。 在此找到许多有用的链接，这些链接会转到包含有关产品和安装说明的更多信息的页面。

   2. 运行System Configuration Checker总是一个好主意。 仅需一两分钟即可完成，并且可以避免将来出现问题。 如果系统通过了系统配置检查器中的所有测试，请继续执行下一步。

   3. 单击左上角的“ 安装”选项卡将显示标准安装选项。 值得注意的是，SQL Server服务和SQL Server管理工具的选项是分开的，而在早期版本SQL Server中则不是这样。 要开始安装，请单击“ 新建SQL Server独立安装”或向现有安装添加功能 。

      

   4. 选择要安装SQL Server 2016版本。 评估版提供对SQL Server 2016所有功能的访问权限，以及限于180天的试用许可证。 也可以选择其他版本-但它们要求在下面的字段中输入激活密钥。 在此示例中，使用评估版。 单击下一步继续。

   5. 阅读并接受许可条款。 选中我接受许可条款前面的框，然后单击下一步。

   6. 在此步骤中，设置“ Microsoft自动更新”的选项。 选中该复选框以启用自动更新，或者如果您希望手动安装它们，请取消选中该复选框。 点击下一步。

   7. 等待安装安装文件和安装规则完成。 安装规则检查完成后，可能会收到Windows防火墙警告。 如果Windows防火墙关闭了端口1433，则会出现警告。 目前可以忽略该警告，但是稍后必须配置1433端口。 还有一个选项可以指定SQL Server实例将使用的另一个端口。 在此处可以找到有关如何配置Windows防火墙以启用数据库引擎访问的详细说明。

      

   8. 在“ 设置角色”上 ，选择以默认设置安装“所有功能”，或使用您指定的功能执行自定义安装。 在此示例中，选择了自定义安装。

   9. 在“ 功能选择”步骤中，选择需要安装SQL Server功能。 您可以在右下角查看每个功能的描述，以及所有选定功能的先决条件。 在右下角，显示磁盘空间要求。 与旧版本SQL Server相比，值得注意的是缺少管理工具功能（用于安装SQL Server Management Studio），但以后可以单独安装。 为了使实例正常工作，仅需要安装数据库引擎服务。 也可以安装最新SQL Server 2016功能，即用于外部数据的PolyBase查询服务，但请注意其他要求。 要使用此功能，至少需要4 GB的RAM，并且下一步需要安装Java Runtime Environment 7 Update 51。 如果需要，请在菜单底部手动设置“即时根目录”和“共享功能目录”路径。 完成选择后，单击“下一步”。

   10. 如果在上一步中选择了PolyBase Query Service，则向导将显示有关Java Runtime Environment测试失败的警告。 只需单击右侧失败的链接，它便会打开JRE下载页面。

   11. 在“ 实例配置”步骤中，选择默认实例或命名实例，然后指定实例ID。 单击下一步继续。

       

   12. 在“ 服务器配置”步骤中，指定可以启动SQL Server服务的帐户。 将任何这些服务的启动选项设置为“手动”，“自动”或“禁用”。 完成后单击“下一步”。

   13. 在“ 数据库引擎配置”中的“服务器配置”选项卡下，指定服务器的身份验证模式和管理员帐户。 与早期版本一样，Windows身份验证模式和混合身份验证模式也可用。

       

   14. 在检查功能配置规则之后 ，向导将进入准备安装步骤。 可以在这里查看之前指定的所有设置。 上一次检查设置，然后单击“ 安装”开始安装。

   15. 等待安装完成。 该过程可能需要一些时间，具体取决于硬件规格。

   16. （可选）安装SQL Server Management Studio，以便您可以轻松管理数据库。 再次启动autorun或setup.exe，然后在“设置”选项卡下，选择“安装SQL Server管理工具”。 这将打开最新版本的SSMS的下载页面。 单击下载链接，然后将安装保存到硬盘驱动器。

   17. 下载完成后，运行文件以开始SSMS设置。 只需单击“安装”按钮，安装将完成，无需任何其他设置选项。 根据系统，可能需要重新启动计算机。

       

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翻译自: https://www.sqlshack.com/installing-sql-server-2016/