(A) when drafting…结构中缺乏逻辑主语; included…结构中缺乏句子主语 应该在included之前加

上一个what用来做was a call的主语; 即使上面两个问题修改后,句子结构仍然复杂,笨拙.

(B) that从句离修饰对象a draft太远,                                                          给人感觉that从句修饰的是Convention;                                     整个句子结构笨拙

(C)  原句中没有标志表明要用过去完成时; a call for female enfranchisement had been included

in it.使用被动语态无法表示出施动者是谁,并且it指代模糊

(D) 整个句子缺乏谓语成分; included从语法上修饰enfranchisement,    而从逻辑上应该A call

(E)  正确, when连接完整的句子,that从句紧靠修饰对象,句子结构清晰,用词简洁

句子结构: When Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the Declaration of Sentiments that…, she

included in it…

28. (26003-!-item-!-188;#058&002229)

Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be

brought into the country by visitors.

(A) Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be

(B) Polio, although eradicated in the United States, it still continues elsewhere and can be

(C) Although still continuing elsewhere, polio has been eradicated in the United States and

could be

(D) Although having been eradicated in the United States, polio still continues elsewhere and is

capable of being

(E) Although eradicated in the United States, polio continues elsewhere and could be

考点: 句子结构（Grammatical Construction）、逻辑表达（Logical Predication）、有效用词（Diction）

1)  现在分词的完成时态不能作定语修饰名词:    如  evidence having been proved…是错误的,可以

改为 evidence proved…       或evidence that have been proved…

2) be able to do和can的区别:       前者表示拥有某种能力去做某事,强调的是能力;后者表示可能去做

某事,表现了一种可能性

(A) 句子结构复杂; be able to do表示拥有能力去做的意思,      用在此处不合适; it continues中的it多

余,因为去掉插入语although后,句子变为Polio it continues…,it和Polio重复

(B) it多余

(C)  随意替换Although的内容,    更改了原句的意思

(D) having been eradicated使用错误,应该去掉having been; is capable of being表示拥有某种能

力,用在此处不合适

(E)  正确, 整个句子简洁,表达清晰,用could表达一种可能性

句子结构: Although eradicated…, polio continues…and could be brought…

补充说明:

GMAT考试中,经常使用插入语来增加句子的难度.    我们可以去掉这些插入语来检查句子主干的正

确性, 如果主干正确,再来看插入语的正确与否.

29. (26049-!-item-!-188;#058&002254)

Oaks preferring drier ones, pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates.

(A) Oaks preferring drier ones, pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates.

(B) With oaks preferring drier ones, pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates.

(C) Whereas oaks prefer drier ones, with pine trees thriving in relatively wet climates.

(D) Pine trees thrive in relatively wet climates, whereas oaks prefer drier ones.

(E) Pine trees thriving in climates that are relatively wet ones, oaks prefer drier climates.

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）、指代一致（Agreement）

1) one和ones指代前面出现的单数和复数名词的核心词,  例:The proposed urban development

zones represent not a new principle, but one that was employed in “Operation Bootstrap” in

Puerto Rico.  其中one指代前面出现的单数名词核心词principle而不是a new principle

(A) 两个分句之间没有连词,缺乏逻辑关系; ones只能指代前面出现过的复数名词,本选项中ones

前面只有Oaks,ones没有指代

(B)  用with不能表现出两者对比的意思; ones没有指代

(C)  句子结构笨拙; ones没有指代

(D)  正确, whereas正确的表现了对比的意思, ones指代前面出现过的复数名词核心词climates.

(E)  句子结构复杂;两个分句间无连词,缺乏逻辑关系.

句子结构: Pine trees thrive…, whereas oaks prefer…

30. (26095-!-item-!-188;#058&002442)   [OG原题，OG10-]

Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the

number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.

(A) bringing

(B) and brings

(C) and it brings

(D) and it brought

(E) and brought

考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）

1)  伴随状语:使用伴随状语表示伴随结果往往是正确答案的标志

(A) 正确, 使用伴随状语,正确的表现了sea eagle left their nests这个动作带来的影响,结果

(B) 语法上and brings和left并列,因此拥有同一个主语:Five fledgling sea,   Five fledgling sea

brings to…不符合逻辑意思

(C)  错误同B,    且it没有指代

(D) 错误同C

(E)  错误同B

句子结构: …sea eagles left…, brining to …

补充说明:

伴随状语的几个特点:

1-在句子中应该是一个独立的成分，跟主句存在一定的逻辑关系

2-伴随状语一定是和主句谓语动词相比，并且伴随状语的意义居于次要地位

3-伴随状语中的动作和主句动作同时发生

4-伴随状语中动词的主语和主句中谓语动词的主语相同

31. (26141-!-item-!-188;#058&002444)

According to some economists, the July decrease in unemployment so that it was the lowest in

two years suggests that the gradual improvement in the job market is continuing.

(A) so that it was the lowest in two years

(B) so that it was the lowest two-year rate

(C) to what would be the lowest in two years

(D) to a two-year low level

(E) to the lowest level in two years

考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）

1) so that可以修饰动作,但不能修饰名词,例: I stopped so that you could catch up.

(A) so that不能修饰名词the decrease

(B) 错误同A选项；lowest two-year rate改变了原意。

(C) would表现将来的某一种情况,而原句表现的是已经被大家所知的一个事实,    因此would的使用

不正确; to what would be…结构复杂

(D) two-year low level不符合习惯用法,且意思模糊

(E)  正确, 使用了正确的表达方式: decrease… to the lowest level

句子结构: According to…, the July decrease in unemployment… suggests that…

32. (26187-!-item-!-188;#058&002462)

Initiated five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992,

Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

(A) Initiated five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992,

Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

(B) Initiated on Columbus Day 1992, five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World, a

$100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence was pledged by Project

SETI.

(C) Initiated on Columbus Day 1992, five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World,

Project SETI pledged a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

(D) Pledging a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, the initiation

of Project SETI five centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World on Columbus Day 1992.

(E) Pledging a $100 million investment in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence five

centuries after Europeans arrived in the New World, on Columbus Day 1992, the initiation of

Project SETI took place.

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）

1)  修饰成分应尽量靠近修饰对象

2)  分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语

(A) on Columbus Day 1992位置错误,暗示了Europeans arrived in the New World发生在1992年,

而project发生在此之后的500年,明显不符合逻,应该将on Columbus Day 1992直接置于修饰对象

Initiated之后,    消除修饰歧意.

B) a $100 million作为Initiated on Columbus Day…的逻辑主语, 不符合逻辑

(C)  正确, 逻辑主语正确,five centuries after…作为插入语正确的修饰  Columbus Day 1992

(D) the initiation 作为Pledging a $100 million的逻辑主语,                  不符合逻辑;       整个句子没有谓语

(E) the initiation 作为Pledging a $100 million的逻辑主语,    不符合逻辑; on Columbus Day 1992

既可以修饰Europeans arrived又可以修饰the initiation,造成修饰不清; the initiation of Project

SETI took place表达笨拙

句子结构: Initiated on…, five centuries…, Project SETI pledged…investment in the search for…

33. (26233-!-item-!-188;#058&002541)

More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh

water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

(A) More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's

fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

(B) With 20 percent of the world's fresh water, that is more than all the North American Great

Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal has more than 300 rivers that drain into it.

(C) Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draining into it, it holds more of the world's

fresh water than all that of the North American Great Lakes combined, 20 percent.

(D) While more than 300 rivers drain into it, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20 percent of the world's

fresh water, which is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

(E) More than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more

than 300 rivers draining into it, holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water.

考点: 比较（Comparison）   简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）

1)  限定性从句和非限定性从句:       限定性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定作用,与先行词有着不可分

割的联系,它的前面通常没有逗号;非限定性定语从句与它的先行词之间只有比较松散的关系,通常

用逗号将它与主句隔开

2)  比较的双方必须概念对等

(A) 正确, 非限定定语从句which holds…就近修饰Lake Baikal; more than all the…作为20

percent of the world’s fresh water的同位语,意思清晰,结构简单

(B) that引导限定性定语从句前面不用逗号隔开, 而此处去掉that从句并不影响原句的主要意思,因

此应该用which引导的非限定性定语从句表明两者之间松散的逻辑关系,  但即使改为which引导的

非限定性定语从句,which也只能修饰fresh water仍然意思不对; has more than 300 rivers that

drain into it表达笨拙,不如A的结构简单

(C)  去掉插入语with more than 300…原句变成Siberia’s Lake Baikal it holds 20 percent… it多余.

后半句结构混乱.

(D) while作为连词表示当…的时候或者表示转折,而原句并没有这种逻辑关系; which引导的非限

定性定语从句就近修饰fresh water,   而从逻辑上应该修饰20 percent of the world’s fresh water

(E)将Baikal和北美5大湖直接进行比较,概念不对等,  应该是Baikal的水量和五大湖的水量进行比

较.

句子结构: More than 300 rivers drain..., which holds… fresh water, more than…

34. (26279-!-item-!-188;#058&002548)

Hundreds of species of fish generate and discharge electric currents, in bursts or as steady

electric fields around their bodies, using their power either to find and attack prey, to defend

themselves, or also for communicating and navigating.

(A) either to find and attack prey, to defend themselves, or also for communicating and

navigating

(B) either for finding and attacking prey, defend themselves, or for communication and

navigation

(C) to find and attack prey, for defense, or communication and navigation

(D) for finding and attacking prey, to defend themselves, or also for communication and

navigation

(E) to find and attack prey, to defend themselves, or to communicate and navigate

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）   习惯用语（Idiom）

1)  并列的成分需要形式对应,概念对等

2)  习惯用法:either…or…

(A) either…or also不符合习惯用法; to find…, to defend…, or also for communicating形式不对应

(B) finding and attacking和defend形式不对应, for communication和for finding形式不对应

(C) to find…和for defense…形式不对应

(D) for finding… to defend… or also for communication形式不对应

(E)  正确, to find… to defend…or to communicate…形式对应

句子结构: … fish generate and discharge…, …, using their power to find and attack…, to

defend…, or to communicate and navigate..

35. (26325-!-item-!-188;#058&002592)

In laboratory rats, a low dose of aspirin usually suffices to block production of thromboxane,

which is a substance that promotes blood clotting, but not seriously interfering with the

production of prostacyclin, which prevents clotting.

(A) which is a substance that promotes blood clotting, but not seriously interfering

(B) a substance that promotes blood clotting, but not seriously interfering

(C) a substance that promotes blood clotting, but does not seriously interfere

(D) which is a substance to promote blood clotting, but does not seriously interfere

(E) which is a substance that promotes blood clotting, but not a serious interference

(A) promotes…, but not…interfering…结构不平行

(B)  错误同A选项；

(C)  正确, a substance that…独立主格结构作为thromboxane的同位语对thromboxane进行解释

说明; but does跳过同位语和suffices并列共同作为a low dose of aspirin的谓语动词

(D) but does…更像是跟is a substance…并列,从而作为了thromboxane的谓语动词,改变了原句

的意思

(E) but not a serious语法上只能跟is a substance并列(因为前面有which is a substance that…

所以but not a serious…可以视为but is not a serious…的省略结构,但是却不能做为…usually

suffices的省略结构),共同修饰thromboxane,改变了原句的意思

句子结构: …, a low dose of aspirin usually suffices to… thromboxane, a substance that

promotes…, but does not…

考点: 平行对称（Parellalism）、句子结构（Grammatical Construction）

1) and, but等连词出现的时候,一定要注意前后平行，并列的结构逻辑意思要合理。

2)  两个句子并列,第一个句子含有be动词或者become,第二个句子中的be动词或者become必须

省略

3)  独立主格结构：

独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词（作为该短语结构的逻辑主语），加上一个分词、形容词、副词、

动词不定式或介词短语（作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语）构成.     独立主格结构放在句首或句尾,起状

语作用,表伴随原因﹑条件﹑状态等

1)一般独立主格,与主句形成松散的逻辑关系,形式为:

n．+ n.; n. + -ed/ing 形式; n. +    介词短语;n. +形容词短语

2)with 型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:

由“with       ＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随。这一结构中的宾语补足语

可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当

Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the

branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.

3)each 型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:

句子 + 复数名词结尾, each +     介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing形式

36. (26371-!-item-!-188;#058&002614)

Thomas Eakins's powerful style and his choices of subject--the advances in modern surgery,

the discipline of sport, the strains of individuals in tension with society or even with

themselves--was as disturbing to his own time as it is compelling for ours.

(A) was as disturbing to his own time as it is

(B) were as disturbing to his own time as they are

(C) has been as disturbing in his own time as they are

(D) had been as disturbing in his own time as it was

(E) have been as disturbing in his own time as

考点: 主谓一致（Agreement）   比较（Comparison）、动词形式（Verb Form）

1)  主谓一致:    复合主语A and B的谓语动词要用复数

2)  比较的对象要概念对等

(A) was和复合主语style and his choices…主谓不一致; it没有指代对象

(B) 正确, were as disturbing to his own time as they are compelling for ours表明是过去的情况和

现在的情况相对比,                      符合逻辑意思;   比较双方概念对等,两个句子powerful style and his choices

were disturbing to his own time和they are compelling for ours进行比较

(C) in his own time表明应该用过去的某一个时态,因此has been现在完成时使用错误

(D) it没有指代; was使用错误,应该使用现在时are表明是过去跟现在相比(his own time… ours)

(E)  现在完成时错误;                                                                                                        该比较结构是句子跟句子进行比较, as compelling for ours不是句子,                                                         因此

比较的对象概念不对等

句子结构: Thomas Eakin’s powerful style and his choices… were as … as…

37. (26417-!-item-!-188;#058&002629)

One report concludes that many schools do not have, or likely to have, enough computers to

use them effectively.

(A) or

(B) nor

(C) or are

(D) nor are they

(E) nor are not

考点: 习惯用语（Idiom）  平行对称（Parallelism）

1)  用连词连接的成分必然可以找到与之平行的对象

2) nor用在否定句中表示“也不”的意思

3) never, seldom, little, nor, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only等表示否定的副词或连词位于句

首时,全句需要倒装.

4)  习惯用法: be likely to do

(A) or使用错误，应该用nor表示“既不…也不”的意思

(B) nor作为连词，do not have, nor likely to have不平行,                               应该在nor后面加上are,    使are likely to…

和do not have构成动词结构的并列或者将likely to去掉,构成do not have, nor have的平列

(C) or使用错误,应该改为nor

(D) 正确, 使用nor表现既不…也不的意思;     加上are使得  are likely to have和do not have并列;

nor are they在这里是倒装; are likely to do符合习惯用法

(E)  加上not改变了原句的意思,  原句是否定的意思,加上not以后变成双重否定,变成了肯定的意思

句子结构: …concludes that many schools do not have, nor are they likely to have, …

38. (26463-!-item-!-188;#058&002639)   [OG原题，OG10-267]

Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled against the unnatural complexity of human relations in modern

society.

(A) Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled

(B) Like Rousseau, Tolstoi's rebellion was

(C) As Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled

(D) As did Rousseau, Tolstoi's rebellion was

(E) Tolstoi's rebellion, as Rousseau's, was

考点: 比较（Comparison）

1)  比较双方必须概念对等: like +      名词,     表示比较,侧重同类事物的比较

2) as的用法: as后面加上名词,表示作为…的意思; as加句子,表示两个动作之间的相似性,例: He

was known to all as a famous writer. He runs fast as a leopard does.

(A) 正确, 比较双方Rousseau和Tolstoi概念对等

(B) 比较双方Rousseau和Tolstoi’s rebellion不对等

(C) as + n表示作为…的意思, Tolstoi作为Rousseau不符合逻辑意思

(D) as +  句子表示动作之间的比较, Tolstoi’s rebellion was…没有动作性动词,无法和did比较

(E) Tolstoi’s rebellion作为Rousseau’s不符合逻辑意思

句子结构: Like Rousseau, Tolstoi rebelled against…

OG10解释：

In choice A, the best answer, a clear and logical comparison is made between Rousseau and

Tolstoi.

Choice B illogically compares a person, Rousseau, to an event, Tolstoi's rebellion. Also,

Tolstoi's rebellion was against is less direct than Tolstoi rebelled against.

Inserting  did after   As would make C grammatical. Because       As is a conjunction, it must

introduce a clause; hence the noun Rousseau must have a verb.

Choice D compares an implied action (As did Rousseau) with a noun (Tolstoi's rebellion).

Choice E is awkwardly formed, and    like  is needed in place of  as to compare two nouns

(rebellion is understood after Rousseau's). Also, Tolstoi's rebellion... was against is less direct

than Tolstoi rebelled against.

39. (26509-!-item-!-188;#058&002648)

The Sports Medicine Programs of the Olympic Training Center, a complex where final tryouts are

held for athletes representing the United States in the Olympics, is geared toward enhancing

athletes' performance and toward their preparation for international competition.

(A) is geared toward enhancing athletes' performance and toward their preparation

(B) is geared to enhance the performance of athletes and to prepare them

(C) are geared to enhance athletes' performance and their preparation

(D) are geared toward the enhancement of athletes' performance and toward preparing them

(E) are geared toward enhancing the performance of athletes and preparing them

考点:主谓一致（Agreement） 平行对称（Parallelism）

1)  习惯搭配: gear: verb. (usually passive.)if someone or sth is geared to (+noun.)or towards a

particular purpose, they are organized or designed in order to achieve that purpose.对某事物加以调

节以适合某种需要或达到某种水平或标准

2)  专有名词的复数:      专有名词的复数跟普通单词一样,在词尾添加s表示复数概念

(A) toward enhancing和toward their preparation不平行; 主谓不一致,is应该改为复数

(B) 主谓不一致

(C) to enhance和their preparation不平行，and their preparation错误地与athletes’ performance并列。

(D) the enhancement和preparing them不平行

(E)  正确, are geared toward enhancing…and preparing结构平行且符合习惯用法

句子结构: The Sports Medicine Programs…,…, are geared toward enhancing… and preparing

them…

40. (26555-!-item-!-188;#058&002661)

With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters

A and B, companies conducting consumer taste tests of foods or beverages typically choose

numbers such as 697 or 483 to label the products.

(A) With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the

letters A and B

(B) Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of

(C) Because of an awareness of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B having connotations

(D) Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B

(E) Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations associated with them and

they are aware of it

考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）、指代一致（Agreement）

1)  介词短语:on account of, because of, despite (in despite of), as a result of之后只跟简单的名词短

语。若其后面跟的是动名词或名词所有格+动名词短语(sb’s doing),或名词短语之后用一复杂的现在分

词来修饰时,应改为与其相同意义的连词because, although等引导的从句形式。

2)  指代歧意

(A) 句子结构不够简洁

(B) they指代不清,   既可以向前指代numbers, letters又可以向后指代companies

(C) Because of + n + having…表现复杂,应该改为Because从句

(D) 正确, aware of 置于句首修饰companies,   句子结构简单,意思清晰

(E) have connotations associated with them表达复杂;they指代不清,it无指代

句子结构: Aware of the connotations of the numbers…and the letters…, companies… typically

choose…

41. (26601-!-item-!-188;#058&002718)

The budget for education reflects the administration's demand that the money is controlled by local

school districts, but it can only be spent on teachers, not on books, computers, or other materials or

activities.

(A) the money is controlled by local school districts, but it can only be spent

(B) the money be controlled by local school districts, but it allows them to spend the money only

(C) the money is to be controlled by local school districts, but allowing it only to be spent

(D) local school districts are in control of the money, but it allows them to spend the money only

(E) local school districts are to be in control of the money, but it can only spend it

考点:动词形式（Verb Form） 句子结构（Grammatical Construction）  指代一致（Agreement）

1)  在 require, demand 等表“建议,命令”意义的词之后的 that 从句,要求用虚拟语气动词,即动词原形,

不加 should

2)  用逗号将连词隔开,使得逗号前后两个句子变成独立的句子,每个句子都要有自己的主谓宾;      但是

do A, B, and C等并列句型中的最后一个连词除外

3)  并列句中:有2个或3个句子并列,第2个或第3个句子中的代词应该优先指代第1句中主语

(A) demand that句型,需要使用动词原型表达虚拟语气, is应该改为be

(B)  正确, but连接独立的句子，主语it指代budget.

(C) demand  跟的that从句谓语需要使用动词原形,第二个分句中没有自己的主谓结构

(D) 没有使用虚拟语气

(E)  没有使用虚拟语气; 后面的分句中第二个it似乎和第一个it指代一致,即budget,而从逻辑上应该指

代the money,指代不清.

句子结构: The budget…reflects…demand that the money be controlled…, but it allows them to…

42. (26647-!-item-!-188;#058&002738)

As a result of a supernova explosion, every human being on Earth was bombarded on February 23,

1987, by about 100 billion neutrinos; fortunately, neutrinos are harmless elementary particles that

are produced in nuclear reactions and that interact very weakly with matter.

(A) neutrinos are harmless elementary particles that are produced in nuclear reactions and that

(B) neutrinos, which are harmless, are elementary particles produced in nuclear reactions and

which

(C) neutrinos are harmless elementary particles produced in nuclear reactions and which

(D) these harmless elementary particles are produced in nuclear reactions, and neutrinos

(E) these elementary particles, harmless products of nuclear reactions, are neutrinos that

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）   逻辑表达（Logical Predication）

1)  限定性定语从句表示的是局部概念:                                                                                    例: I am checking up the models who are in black T-shirt.                                                                         表

明有很多模特,而我打量的是那些穿黑色圆领衫的模特.限定性定语从句区分了我打量的模特和其他的

模特.

2)  非限定定语从句表示的是整体的概念:  例: I am checking up the models, who are in black T-shirt.

表明这里有一群模特,这些模特共同的特点是她们都穿黑色圆领衫.

(A) 正确, 正确的使用了neutrinos are …. particles that… and that…结构,表达清晰

(B) 句子结构复杂;and which…定语从句没有并列对象，不能与前面which引导的插入语并列。

(C) and which…没有并列对象。

(D) these在这里没有明确指代; and后面的句子与前面不连贯。

(E) these没有明确指代;that限定性定语从句从语法上应该修饰紧临的名词neutrinos,而逻辑上应该修

饰particles,不符合原句意思.实际上所有的neutrinos interact very weakly with matter,       否则neutrinos

就不是harmless.

句子结构: …; neutrinos are…particles that…and that…   两个that限定性定语从句并列,共同修饰

particles.

补充说明:

该题读题的时候读到分号为止,没有发现划线部分,可以立刻忽略分句前半部分.

43. (26693-!-item-!-188;#058&002873)

A one-million-year-old skull bearing traits associated both with Homo erectus and, in addition,

Homo sapiens has been found in the Afar region of Eritrea, and indicates that modern humans

developed much earlier than previously thought.

(A) both with Homo erectus and, in addition, Homo sapiens has been found in the Afar region of

Eritrea, and indicates

(B) both with Homo erectus and Homo sapiens have been found in the Afar region of Eritrea, which

indicates

(C) with both Homo erectus and Homo sapiens has been found in the Afar region of Eritrea,

indicating

(D) with both Homo erectus and Homo sapiens and found in the Afar region of Eritrea, indicating

(E) with both Homo erectus and Homo sapiens have been found in the Afar region of Eritrea, which

indicates

考点:  平行对称（Parallelism）                                                            简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）                                                     主谓一致（Agreement）

1)both…and…和in addition语意重复

2)and连接的前后对象一定要平行,and后面接了动词,and前面就一定会有一个动词与之对应

3）both… and… 连接并列名词作主语时，谓语动词应为复数。

(A) both…and结构不对称,应该改为both with… and with或者with both… and…结构; in addition跟

both…and…结构意思重复

(B) both…and结构不对称;主谓不一致,have应该改为has,因为主语是A one-million-year-old skull;

which indicates就近修饰Eritrea,导致逻辑意思错误.

(C)  正确, with both…and…结构对称;has和skull主谓一致;indicating作为伴随结构修饰主句,表现了

skull has been found的伴随结果

(D) and found结构没有平行对象

(E)  主谓不一致,have应该改为has; which就近指代Eritrea,导致逻辑错误.

句子结构: A … skull bearing traits associated with both A and B has been found…, indicating that…

补充说明:

实战中出现了which非限定性从句要警惕是不是有which就近指代的错误.这是GMAT语法题中很常见

的错误.看到的连词and要立刻反应到平行结构的考点,马上回看句子and前后是否平行.

44. (26787-!-item-!-188;#058&002971)

Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in mining heat

from the Earth's interior and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient

generation of electricity and heating factories and homes.

(A) and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of electricity and

heating

(B) and producing enough energy on a commercial scale for electricity to be generated efficiently

and to heat

(C) for energy production on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and to

heat

(D) to produce energy on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently and for

heating

(E) to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of electricity and heat

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）

1)表示目的时,to do结构比for结构更有效

2)有动词形式的时候尽量用动词形式,不要用动词的抽象名词形式

(A) have succeeded…and producing…前者是动词结构,后者是动名词结构不平行; enough for

efficient generation…and heating前者是名词结构后者是动名词结构不平行;generation属于动词的抽

象名词不如动名词generating好

(B) and producing错误同A选项;… scale for electricity…and to heat, for结构和to do结构破坏了平行,

要么都用for结构,要么都用to do结构

(C) for结构不如to do结构表达目的有效;enough for generating…and to heat, for结构和to do结构破

坏了平行

(D) 正确, 使用to produce表达目的;enough for generating…and for heating结构平行,且使用动名词

形式,比动词的抽象名词形式更佳有效的表达的动作的意味.

(E) heat跟produce平行,导致逻辑意思错误;generation不如generating好

句子结构: Scientists… have succeeded…in mining heat… to produce…, enough for generating…

and for heating…

补充说明:

看到选项中用 for doing 结构表示目的时可先跳过该选项,直接看用 to do      表示目的的选项.

45. (26929-!-item-!-188;#058&003015)

The application of a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel allows scientists to

examine molars of prehuman ancestors and determining that their diets were more varied than had

been supposed.

(A) The application of a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel allows scientists to

examine molars of prehuman ancestors and determining

(B) Through the application of a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, the

molars of prehuman ancestors were examined by scientists who determined

(C) When they applied a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, scientists

examined molars of prehuman ancestors, determining

(D) Applying a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, the molars of prehuman

ancestors have been examined by scientists, who determined

(E) Applying a new method for analyzing the chemistry of tooth enamel, scientists have examined

molars of prehuman ancestors and determined

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）   逻辑表达（Logical Predication）  指代一致（Agreement）

1) and连接的前后对象一定要平行

2)  分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语

(A) and determining没有平行对象。

(B) the molars作为through the application的逻辑主语,意思表达错误.应该是scientists through the

application而不是the molars through the application; who引导的非限定定语从句中their应该指代离

它最近的复数名词scientists,而从逻辑上their应该指代ancestors

(C)  原句中并没有表示时间关系,仅仅表示了scientist通过applying a new method…examined…and

determined…没有表示当他们apply new method的同时,examined…and determined…;此外代词一

般指代前面出现过的名词,因此they和scientists的位置调换一下更好.

(D) the molars作为applying的逻辑主语,意思表达错误;未划线部分的their似乎指代的是scientists,而

从逻辑上their应该指代的是prehuman ancestors.

(E)  正确;have examined…and determined…结构平行;未划线部分的their指代离它最近的复数名词

prehuman ancestors.

句子结构: Applying…, scientists have examined …and determined that…

补充说明:

实战中,碰到when从句要提高警惕,利用when从句来代替因果关系从句,或者无中生有的增加when从

句是GMAT考试中制造错误选项的常见手法,并通常带有迷惑性.

46. (26975-!-item-!-188;#058&003041)

The continental United States receives an average of 30 inches of precipitation a year; transpiration

from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the atmosphere, while the

balance of 9 inches contributes to the flow of streams and rivers.

(A) transpiration from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the

atmosphere, while the balance of 9 inches contributes to the flow

(B) even though transpiration from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to

the atmosphere, the remainder of 9 inches contribute to the flowing

(C) although transpiration from soil and from plants return approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the

atmosphere, the balance of 9 inches contribute to the flowing

(D) with transpiration from soil and from plants to return approximately 21 inches to the atmosphere,

the rest of the 9 inches contributes to the flow

(E) as transpiration from soil and from plants return approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the

atmosphere, the rest of the 9 inches contribute to the flow

考点:主谓一致（Agreement） 有效用词（Diction）

1)  动词能用单词本身表示名词形式的,就不要用the + -ing形式来表达名词形式

2) as的用法:as + n表示作为… , as +  主语+谓语表示动作之间进行比较

3) with 的用法: