def hasattr(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown"""Return whether the object has an attribute with the given name.This is done by calling getattr(obj, name) and catching AttributeError."""passhasattr

def getattr(object, name, default=None): # known special case of getattr"""getattr(object, name[, default]) -> valueGet a named attribute from an object; getattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to x.y.When a default argument is given, it is returned when the attribute doesn'texist; without it, an exception is raised in that case."""passgetattr

def setattr(x, y, v): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""Sets the named attribute on the given object to the specified value.setattr(x, 'y', v) is equivalent to ``x.y = v''"""passsetattr

def delattr(x, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""Deletes the named attribute from the given object.delattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to ``del x.y''"""passdelattr

class Foo:f = '类的静态变量'def __init__(self,name,age):self.name=nameself.age=agedef say_hi(self):print('hi,%s'%self.name)obj=Foo('egon',73)#检测是否含有某属性
print(hasattr(obj,'name'))
print(hasattr(obj,'say_hi'))#获取属性
n=getattr(obj,'name')
print(n)
func=getattr(obj,'say_hi')
func()print(getattr(obj,'aaaaaaaa','不存在啊')) #报错#设置属性
setattr(obj,'sb',True)
setattr(obj,'show_name',lambda self:self.name+'sb')
print(obj.__dict__)
print(obj.show_name(obj))#删除属性
delattr(obj,'age')
delattr(obj,'show_name')
delattr(obj,'show_name111')#不存在,则报错print(obj.__dict__)四个方法的使用演示

class Foo(object):staticField = "old boy"def __init__(self):self.name = 'wupeiqi'def func(self):return 'func'@staticmethoddef bar():return 'bar'print getattr(Foo, 'staticField')
print getattr(Foo, 'func')
print getattr(Foo, 'bar')类也是对象

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_

format_dict={'nat':'{obj.name}-{obj.addr}-{obj.type}',#学校名-学校地址-学校类型'tna':'{obj.type}:{obj.name}:{obj.addr}',#学校类型:学校名:学校地址'tan':'{obj.type}/{obj.addr}/{obj.name}',#学校类型/学校地址/学校名
}
class School:def __init__(self,name,addr,type):self.name=nameself.addr=addrself.type=typedef __repr__(self):return 'School(%s,%s)' %(self.name,self.addr)def __str__(self):return '(%s,%s)' %(self.name,self.addr)def __format__(self, format_spec):# if format_specif not format_spec or format_spec not in format_dict:format_spec='nat'fmt=format_dict[format_spec]return fmt.format(obj=self)s1=School('oldboy1','北京','私立')
print('from repr: ',repr(s1))
print('from str: ',str(s1))
print(s1)'''
str函数或者print函数--->obj.__str__()
repr或者交互式解释器--->obj.__repr__()
如果__str__没有被定义,那么就会使用__repr__来代替输出
注意:这俩方法的返回值必须是字符串,否则抛出异常
'''
print(format(s1,'nat'))
print(format(s1,'tna'))
print(format(s1,'tan'))
print(format(s1,'asfdasdffd'))

class B:def __str__(self):return 'str : class B'def __repr__(self):return 'repr : class B'b=B()
print('%s'%b)
print('%r'%b)%s和%r

class A:def __init__(self):self.x = 1print('in init function')def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):print('in new function')return object.__new__(A, *args, **kwargs)a = A()
print(a.x)

class Singleton:def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):orig = super(Singleton, cls)cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)return cls._instanceone = Singleton()
two = Singleton()two.a = 3
print(one.a)
# 3
# one和two完全相同,可以用id(), ==, is检测
print(id(one))
# 29097904
print(id(two))
# 29097904
print(one == two)
# True
print(one is two)单例模式

class Foo:def __init__(self):passdef __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):print('__call__')obj = Foo() # 执行 __init__
obj()       # 执行 __call__

class A:def __init__(self):self.a = 1self.b = 2def __len__(self):return len(self.__dict__)
a = A()
print(len(a))

class A:def __init__(self):self.a = 1self.b = 2def __hash__(self):return hash(str(self.a)+str(self.b))
a = A()
print(hash(a))

class A:def __init__(self):self.a = 1self.b = 2def __eq__(self,obj):if  self.a == obj.a and self.b == obj.b:return True
a = A()
b = A()
print(a == b)

class Person:def __init__(self,name,age,sex):self.name = nameself.age = ageself.sex = sexdef __hash__(self):return hash(self.name+self.sex)def __eq__(self, other):if self.name == other.name and self.sex == other.sex:return Truep_lst = []
for i in range(84):p_lst.append(Person('egon',i,'male'))print(p_lst)
print(set(p_lst))一道面试题