前段时间写了一篇博文名为《利用Python脚本获取Windows和Linux的系统版本信息》，本篇博文利用这篇文章中的知识提供一个增强版本的获取信息的Python脚本。执行后，看起来就像登录Ubuntu Linux系统时提示的motd信息一样，可以看到：

1. 系统的类型、发行版本（具体信息）、内核版本等

2. 当前系统的时间、时区

3. 系统每一个CPU核心的负载和CPU整体负载

4. 进程数量

5. 根分区的磁盘空间，Windows下默认C盘

6. 登录的用户总数和每一个登录到系统的用户的信息

7. 内存和交换分区的利用率

8. 默认网卡的IP地址

9. 系统启动时间和已运行时间

运行截图如下：

（1）Linux下截图：

（2）Windows下截图：

Python代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python
# encoding: utf-8
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
"""
Created by PyCharm.
File:               LinuxBashShellScriptForOps:getSystemStatus.py
User:               Guodong
Create Date:        2016/8/18
Create Time:        15:32"""
import platform
import psutil
import subprocess
import os
import sys
import time
import re
import prettytablemswindows = (sys.platform == "win32")  # learning from 'subprocess' module
linux = (sys.platform == "linux2")def getLocalIP():import netifacesroutingNicName = netifaces.gateways()['default'][netifaces.AF_INET][1]for interface in netifaces.interfaces():if interface == routingNicName:try:routingIPAddr = netifaces.ifaddresses(interface)[netifaces.AF_INET][0]['addr']return interface, routingIPAddrexcept KeyError:passdef getUser():if linux:proc_obj = subprocess.Popen(r'tty', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)tty = proc_obj.communicate()[0]else:tty = []user_object = psutil.users()for login in user_object:username, login_tty, login_host, login_time = [suser for suser in login]print username, login_tty, login_host, time.strftime('%b %d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(login_time)),if login_tty in tty:print '**current user**'else:printdef getTimeZone():return time.strftime("%Z", time.gmtime())def getTimeNow():now = time.strftime('%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y %Z', time.localtime(time.time()))return nowdef printHeader():if linux:try:with open('/etc/issue') as f:content = f.read().strip()output_list = re.split(r' \\', content)linux_type = list(output_list)[0]except IOError:passelse:if linux_type is not None:return "Welcome to %s (%s %s %s)\n  System information as of %s" % (linux_type, platform.system(), platform.release(), platform.machine(), getTimeNow())else:returnif mswindows:def get_system_encoding():import codecsimport locale"""The encoding of the default system locale but falls back to the givenfallback encoding if the encoding is unsupported by python or couldnot be determined.  See tickets #10335 and #5846"""try:encoding = locale.getdefaultlocale()[1] or 'ascii'codecs.lookup(encoding)except Exception:encoding = 'ascii'return encodingDEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING = get_system_encoding()import _winregtry:reg_key = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion")if reg_key:ProductName = _winreg.QueryValueEx(reg_key, "ProductName")[0] or NoneEditionId = _winreg.QueryValueEx(reg_key, "EditionId")[0] or NoneReleaseId = _winreg.QueryValueEx(reg_key, "ReleaseId")[0] or NoneBuildLabEx = _winreg.QueryValueEx(reg_key, "BuildLabEx")[0][:9] or Nonereturn "%s, %s [%s]\r\nVersion %s (OS Internal Version %s)" % (ProductName, EditionId, platform.version(), ReleaseId, BuildLabEx)except Exception as e:print e.message.decode(DEFAULT_LOCALE_ENCODING)def getHostname():return platform.node()def getCPU():return [x / 100.0 for x in psutil.cpu_percent(interval=0, percpu=True)]def getLoadAverage():if linux:import multiprocessingk = 1.0k /= multiprocessing.cpu_count()if os.path.exists('/proc/loadavg'):return [float(open('/proc/loadavg').read().split()[x]) * k for x in range(3)]else:tokens = subprocess.check_output(['uptime']).split()return [float(x.strip(',')) * k for x in tokens[-3:]]if mswindows:# print psutil.cpu_percent()# print psutil.cpu_times_percent()# print psutil.cpu_times()# print psutil.cpu_stats()return "%.2f%%" % psutil.cpu_percent()def getMemory():v = psutil.virtual_memory()return {'used': v.total - v.available,'free': v.available,'total': v.total,'percent': v.percent,}def getVirtualMemory():v = psutil.swap_memory()return {'used': v.used,'free': v.free,'total': v.total,'percent': v.percent}def getUptime():uptime_file = "/proc/uptime"if os.path.exists(uptime_file):with open(uptime_file, 'r') as f:return f.read().split(' ')[0].strip("\n")else:return time.time() - psutil.boot_time()def getUptime2():boot_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(psutil.boot_time()))print "system start at: %s" % boot_time,uptime_total_seconds = time.time() - psutil.boot_time()uptime_days = int(uptime_total_seconds / 24 / 60 / 60)uptime_hours = int(uptime_total_seconds / 60 / 60 % 24)uptime_minutes = int(uptime_total_seconds / 60 % 60)uptime_seconds = int(uptime_total_seconds % 60)print "uptime: %d days %d hours %d minutes %d seconds" % (uptime_days, uptime_hours, uptime_minutes, uptime_seconds)user_number = len(psutil.users())print "%d user:" % user_numberprint "  \\"for user_tuple in psutil.users():user_name = user_tuple[0]user_terminal = user_tuple[1]user_host = user_tuple[2]user_login_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(user_tuple[3]))print "  |- user online: %s, login from %s with terminal %s at %s" % (user_name, user_host, user_terminal, user_login_time)cpu_count = psutil.cpu_count()try:with open('/proc/loadavg', 'r') as f:loadavg_c = f.read().split(' ')loadavg = dict()if loadavg_c is not None:loadavg['lavg_1'] = loadavg_c[0]loadavg['lavg_5'] = loadavg_c[1]loadavg['lavg_15'] = loadavg_c[2]loadavg['nr'] = loadavg_c[3]loadavg['last_pid'] = loadavg_c[4]print "load average: %s, %s, %s" % (loadavg['lavg_1'], loadavg['lavg_5'], loadavg['lavg_15'])if float(loadavg['lavg_15']) > cpu_count:print "Note: cpu 15 min load is high!"if float(loadavg['lavg_5']) > cpu_count:print "Note: cpu 5 min load is high!"if float(loadavg['lavg_1']) > cpu_count:print "Note: cpu 1 min load is high!"except IOError:passif __name__ == '__main__':header = printHeader()print headerprintsystem_load = str(getLoadAverage()).strip("[]")user_logged_in = len(psutil.users())info_of_root_partition = psutil.disk_usage("/")percent_of_root_partition_usage = "%.2f%%" % (float(info_of_root_partition.used) * 100 / float(info_of_root_partition.total))total_size_of_root_partition = "%.2f" % (float(psutil.disk_usage("/").total / 1024) / 1024 / 1024)memory_info = getMemory()memory_usage = "%.2f%%" % (float(memory_info['used']) * 100 / float(memory_info['total']))swap_info = getVirtualMemory()swap_usage = "%.2f%%" % (float(swap_info['used']) * 100 / float(swap_info['total']))local_ip_address = getLocalIP()table = prettytable.PrettyTable(border=False, header=False, left_padding_width=2)table.field_names = ["key1", "value1", "key2", "value2"]table.add_row(["System load:", system_load, "Processes:", len(list(psutil.process_iter()))])table.add_row(["Usage of /:", "%s of %sGB" % (percent_of_root_partition_usage, total_size_of_root_partition),"Users logged in:", user_logged_in])table.add_row(["Memory usage:", memory_usage, "IP address for %s:" % local_ip_address[0], local_ip_address[1]])table.add_row(["Swap usage:", swap_usage, "", ""])for field in table.field_names:table.align[field] = "l"print table.get_string()printgetUser()printgetUptime2()

注：脚本内容可以通过GitHub获取，https://github.com/DingGuodong/LinuxBashShellScriptForOps/blob/master/functions/system/getSystemStatus.py，欢迎star、fork。

已知存在问题：

1. 暂时未实现获取Windows下网卡的中文可视名称

2. Windows下的tty名称默认为None，暂时没有设置对用户友好的显示

3. Ubuntu Linux上motd信息的用户登录数量显示为同一用户同一个IP的多个用户视为同一用户，脚本中视为不同用户

4. 首次运行可能需要安装依赖的地方库，如psutil、platform、prettytable、netifaces等，请使用easy_install、pip、conda等安装。

5. 其他的因为时间原因未指出和未实现的问题，欢迎在文章下面评论留言和在GitHub上提issue

tag:Python、Linux系统信息、Windows系统信息

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