题目1

以动物类为父类进行派生，设计可行的派生类，为派生类增加必要的成员，并对父类中的成员做适当调整，在主程序中对派生类的对象进行操作。

Animal.h

/**动物类头文件*/
#ifndef ANIMAL_H
#define ANIMAL_H#include<iostream>
#include<windows.h>
using namespace std;class Animal {public:Animal(){}  //默认构造函数Animal(string name,int age,string color,string voice,string food);void setName(string name){ this->name = name; }     //设置每个成员变量的值void setAge(int age){ this->age = age; }void setColor(string color){ this->color = color; }void setVoice(string voice){ this->voice = voice; }void setFood(string food){ this->food = food; }string getName(){ return name; }         //得到每个成员变量的值int getAge(){ return age; }string getColor(){ return color; }string getVoice(){ return voice; }string getFood(){ return food; }void shout();//动物吃东西void eat(){    cout << name << "开始吃" << food <<endl;}void beginSleep();string name;    //名字int age;        //年龄string color;   //颜色string voice;   //叫声string food;    //食物
};#endif // ANIMAL_H

Animal.cpp

 /**动物类函数实现*/
#include<iostream>
#include"Animal.h"
using namespace std;Animal::Animal(string name,int age,string color,string voice,string food){  //带所有成员变量的构造函数this->name = name;this->age = age;this->color = color;this->voice = voice;this->food = food;}void Animal::shout(){        //动物的叫cout << "我是一只" << name << endl;cout << "我的叫声是：" << voice << endl;}void Animal::beginSleep(){  //动物睡觉int sleepTime = rand()%4;cout <<"哄" << name << "开始睡觉，随机的睡觉的时间为："<<sleepTime<<"（小时）" <<endl;Sleep(sleepTime * 1000);cout << name <<"睡醒了" <<endl;}

Cat.cpp

 /**猫类*/
#include<iostream>
#include"Animal.h"
#include"Mouse.cpp"
#include"Dog.cpp"
using namespace std;class Cat:public Animal{public:Cat(){}Cat(string name,int age,string color,string voice,string food,string variety,int speed){  //Cat带所有成员变量的构造函数this->name = name;this->age = age;this->color = color;this->voice = voice;this->food = food;this->variety = variety;this->speed = speed;}void setVariety(string variety){ this->variety = variety; }string getVariety(){ return variety; }void catchMouse(Mouse &m,Dog &d){m.seek();cout<<name<<"可以抓"<<m.name<<endl;int distance = rand()%3+6;cout<<name<<"发现"<<distance<<"米处有一只"<<m.name<<"正在偷吃蛋糕，迅速冲向它"<<endl;double time = (double)(distance - m.reaction)/this->speed;cout<<time<<"秒过后，"<<this->name<<"离"<<m.name<<"只有"<<m.reaction<<"米"<<endl;m.help();int dogTime = rand()%4;cout<<d.name<<"听到"<<m.name<<"呼救，马上过来救它，大约需要"<<dogTime<<"秒"<<endl;time = (double)(m.reaction)/(this->speed - m.speed);if(dogTime > time){cout<<time<<"秒过后，"<<this->name<<"把"<<m.name<<"抓住"<<endl;cout<<dogTime - time<<"秒过后，"<<d.name<<"赶到,"<<m.name<<"已经被吃掉了"<<endl;}else{cout<<dogTime<<"秒过后，"<<d.name<<"赶到,救下"<<m.name<<endl;}}private:string variety;  //品种int speed;  //速度
};

Dog.cpp

/**狗类*/
#include<iostream>
#include"Animal.h"
using namespace std;class Dog:public Animal{public:friend class Cat;Dog(){}Dog(string name,int age,string color,string voice,string food,string get_upTime,string sleepTime){  //带所有成员变量的构造函数this->name = name;this->age = age;this->color = color;this->voice = voice;this->food = food;this->get_upTime = get_upTime;this->sleepTime = sleepTime;}void setGet_upTime(string get_upTime){ this->get_upTime = get_upTime; }void setSleepTime(string sleepTime){ this->sleepTime = sleepTime; }string getGet_upTime(){ return get_upTime; }string getSleepTime(){ return sleepTime; }void smell(){cout<<name<<"的嗅觉非常灵敏"<<endl;}void scakTime(){cout<<name<<"晚上的睡觉时间是："<<sleepTime<<endl;cout<<name<<"白天的起床时间是："<<get_upTime<<endl;}private:string get_upTime;string sleepTime;
};

Mouse.cpp

/**老鼠类*/
#include<iostream>
#include"Animal.h"
using namespace std;class Mouse:public Animal{public:friend class Cat;Mouse(string name,int age,string color,string voice,string food,int reaction,int speed){  //Muse类带所有成员变量的构造函数this->name = name;this->age = age;this->color = color;this->voice = voice;this->food = food;this->reaction = reaction;this->speed = speed;}void seek(){cout<<name<<"开始出门找吃的"<<endl;}void help(){cout<<"当猫离"<<name<<"只有"<<reaction<<"米时,"<<name<<"发现了"<<"猫"<<endl;cout<<name<<"开始疯狂逃命，并大声呼救："<<voice<<" "<<voice<<endl;}int reaction;  //反应距离int speed;  //速度
};

Main.cpp

/*主程序测试类*/
#include<iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include"Animal.cpp"
#include"Cat.cpp"
using namespace std;int main() {srand((unsigned)time(NULL));Dog dog("小黑狗",/**年龄*/ 3,"黑色","汪汪汪","骨头","12:00","6:00");dog.eat();  ///狗吃东西dog.smell();  ///狗的嗅觉dog.scakTime();  ///狗的睡觉时间cout<<endl;Cat cat("小花猫",/**年龄*/ 2,"花色","喵喵喵","鱼","狸猫",/**速度*/ 2);cat.shout();   ///猫的叫声cat.beginSleep();  ///猫开始睡觉cout<<endl;Mouse mouse("小白鼠",/**年龄*/ 1,"白色","吱吱吱","蛋糕",/**反应距离*/ 2,/**速度*/ 1);cat.catchMouse(mouse,dog);   ///猫抓老鼠cout<<endl;cat.catchMouse(mouse,dog);   ///猫抓老鼠
}

【实验结果】

题目2

以游戏为背景，设计一个表示武器的父类，并实现至少两个子类。为设计出来的类设置适当的成员变量、成员函数和构造函数，在主程序中生成对象进行测试。

源代码：
Weapon.cpp

 /*武器类*/
#ifndef Weapon_CPP
#define Weapon_CPP
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;class Weapon{public:Weapon(){}Weapon(string name , int aggressivity , float crit , int strikDistance , int durability){this->name = name;this->aggressivity = aggressivity;this->crit = crit;this->strikDistance = strikDistance;this->durability = durability;}void setName(string name){  this->name = name;  }void setaggressivity(int aggressivity){  this->aggressivity = aggressivity;  }void setCrit(float crit){  this->crit = crit;  }void setStrikDistance(int strikDistance){  this->strikDistance = strikDistance;  }void setDurability(int durability){  this->durability = durability;  }string getName(){ return name; }int getaggressivity(){ return aggressivity; }float getCrit(){ return crit; }int getStrikDistance(){ return strikDistance; }int getDurability(){ return durability; }void attack(Weapon &w){  //发起一次攻击cout <<name <<"的攻击力是："<<aggressivity<<endl;cout <<name <<"的暴击率是："<<crit<<endl;cout <<name <<"的攻击距离是："<<strikDistance<<endl;cout <<name <<"现在要去攻击"<<w.name<<endl;if(this->strikDistance > w.strikDistance){cout <<name <<"的攻击距离大于"<<w.name<<"的攻击距离，可以攻击"<<endl;float temp1 = rand()%100/(float)100;  //当前对象是否产生暴击int exchange1 = this->aggressivity;  //当前对象暴击后的攻击力if(temp1 < this->crit){exchange1 = exchange1 * 2;cout <<this->name <<"本次攻击产生暴击，攻击力变为两倍:"<<exchange1<<endl;}else cout <<this->name <<"本次攻击没有产生暴击，攻击力不变，依然为："<<exchange1<<endl;float temp2 = rand()%100/(float)100;   //w对象是否产生暴击int exchange2 = w.aggressivity;  //w对象暴击后的攻击力if(temp2 < w.crit){exchange2 = exchange2 * 2;cout <<w.name <<"本次攻击产生暴击，攻击力变为两倍："<<exchange2<<endl;}else cout <<w.name <<"本次攻击没有产生暴击，攻击力不变，依然为："<<exchange2<<endl;if(exchange1 > exchange2)  {cout<<this->name <<"的攻击力："<<exchange1<<" 大于"<<w.name<<"的攻击力:"<<exchange2<<" 攻击胜利！"<<endl;}else cout<<this->name <<"的攻击力："<<exchange1<<" 小于"<<w.name<<"的攻击力:"<<exchange2<<" 攻击失败！"<<endl;}else cout <<name <<"的攻击距离小于"<<w.name<<"的攻击距离，攻击不到"<<endl;}string name;int aggressivity;  //攻击力float crit;  //暴击率int strikDistance;  //攻击距离int durability;  //耐久度
};
#endif // Weapon_CPP

Arrow.cpp

/*弓箭类*/
#include<iostream>
#include"Weapon.cpp"
using namespace std;class Arrow:public Weapon{  //弓箭
public:Arrow(){}Arrow(string name , int aggressivity , float crit , int strikDistance , int durability , float attackSpeed){this->name = name;this->aggressivity = aggressivity;this->crit = crit;this->strikDistance = strikDistance;this->durability = durability;this->attackSpeed = attackSpeed;}void effect(){cout<<"装备弓箭，攻击距离加100"<<endl;strikDistance = strikDistance + 100;}float attackSpeed;  //攻击速度
};

Sword.cpp

 /*刀剑类*/
#include<iostream>
#include"Weapon.cpp"
using namespace std;class Sword:public Weapon{  //刀剑
public:Sword(){}Sword(string name , int aggressivity , float crit , int strikDistance , int durability , int attackAddition){this->name = name;this->aggressivity = aggressivity;this->crit = crit;this->strikDistance = strikDistance;this->durability = durability;this->attackAddition = attackAddition;aggressivity = aggressivity + 0.5 * attackAddition;}void setAttackAddition(int attackAddition){this->attackAddition = attackAddition;}void effect(){cout<<"装备刀剑，获得额外攻击力加成:"<<attackAddition<<endl;aggressivity = aggressivity + 0.5 * attackAddition;}int attackAddition;  //攻击力加成
};

Main.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include<time.h>
#include"Sword.cpp"
#include"Arrow.cpp"
using namespace std;int main(){srand((unsigned)time(NULL));//设置随机数种子，使每次是否产生暴击不同Sword sword("无尽之刃", /**攻击力*/ 70 , /**暴击率*/ 0.25 , /**攻击距离*/ 200 , /**耐久度*/ 100 , /**攻击力加成*/ 50);sword.effect();Arrow arrow("逐日之弓" , /**攻击力*/ 50 , /**暴击率*/ 0.2 , /**攻击距离*/ 300 , /**耐久度*/ 100 , /**攻击速度加成*/ 0.3);arrow.effect();sword.attack(arrow);cout<<endl;arrow.attack(sword);cout<<endl;arrow.attack(sword);return 0;
}

【实验结果】

【小结或讨论】
本次实验是实验七类的继承（1），主要内容是设计父类及派生类。第一题是以动物类为父类进行派生，我主要为动物类写了一个头文件Animal.h和一个类文件Animal.cpp，实现动物共有的功能有吃东西、睡觉、叫声，其中睡觉用rand()随机函数产生了睡觉时间,用Sleep()函数模拟睡觉。之后派生了三个子类，狗：Dog.cpp，增加了睡觉的时间、起床的时间等成员变量，还有嗅觉、起早贪黑的作息时间等成员函数；老鼠：Mouse.cpp，增加了反应距离、奔跑速度等成员变量，还有找东西吃、呼救等成员函数；猫：Cat.cpp，增加了品种、奔跑速度等成员变量，还有猫抓老鼠狗来救老鼠的函数，随机产生猫和老鼠的距离，猫来捉老鼠，之后随机产生狗来救老鼠需要的时间，决定老鼠是会被狗救还是被猫吃掉。
第二题是设计一个表示武器的父类，并实现至少两个子类。我主要为武器类Weapon.cpp写了名字、攻击力、暴击率、攻击距离、耐久度等成员变量，以及各成员变量的生成器和构造器函数，还有就是基类对象之间的攻击函数。然后是两个子类：弓箭类Arrow.cpp,增加了攻击速度的成员变量，还有特殊效果的函数：装备弓箭，攻击距离加100；刀剑类Sword.cpp，增加的额外攻击力加成这个成员函数，还有特殊效果的函数：装备刀剑，获得额外攻击力加成。主程序测试类main.cpp中主要调用了攻击类，由类型兼容规则，使用子类Arrow和Sword声明的子类对象隐含转换为基类对象，调用攻击函数，相互攻击，由攻击距离决定能否攻击到，由暴击率决定攻击力是否翻倍，由攻击力决定胜负。

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C++实验七——类的继承（1）

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