RabbitMQ 是一个消息broker。它的主要概念就是接受和转发消息。可以把它当作一个邮局：当向邮箱投递一封邮件时，你确信邮差最终会将这封邮件投递到收件人。使用这个比喻，RabbitMQ就是邮箱，邮局和邮差。

RabbitMQ和邮局最大的区别就是它不处理纸质信件而是处理二进制数据--消息

RabbitMQ和其他消息系统通常都有以下几个术语：

生产者   发送消息

队列

消费者

使用python驱动发送"Hello World!"

pip install pika

第一个测试程序send.py将会向这个队列发送单个消息。首要做的是向RabbitMQ Server建立一个连接。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

默认情况下是不能使用guest用户登录的

In [15]: import pikaIn [16]: credentials=pika.PlainCredentials('xxx','xxx')In [17]: parameters=pika.ConnectionParameters(host='172.28.10.71',credentials=credentials)

在发送消息之前需要确保收件人队列存在，如果发送消息到不存在的地点，RabbitMQ将会直接丢弃这个消息。

创建一个用于投递消息的队列

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

使用RabbitMQ，不能直接发送一条消息到队列。它需要经过一个交换机exchange.

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',routing_key='hello',body='Hello World!')
print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"

在退出程序之前we need to make sure the network buffers were flushed and our message was actually delivered to RabbitMQ.只需要关闭连接就行。

connection.close()

完成的程序 send.py

#!/usr/bin/pythonimport pikaconnection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
channel=connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',routing_key='hello',body='Hello World!')
print "[x] Sent 'Hello World!'"
connection.close()

...............[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl list_queues
Listing queues ...
hello   28

每执行一次就往名为hello的队列中添加一条消息，使用rabbitmqctl list_queues可以查看队列长度

第二个程序receive.py 将会从这个队列中接收消息并打印它们

首先需要连接RabbitMQ，然后需要确保队列存在

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

从队列中接受消息要复杂得多，它的工作方式是向这个队列订阅一个callback函数。任何时候，接收到一条消息，callback函数会被pika库调用

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)

然后需要告诉RabbitMQ这个特别的函数是需要从hello队列接收消息

channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='hello',no_ack=True)

最后，引入一个永不结束的循环等待接收数据并运行callback函数

print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C'channel.start_consuming()

receive.py

#!/usr/bin/pythonimport pikaconnection=pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
channel=connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')print '[*] Waiting for messages.To exit press CTRL+c'def callback(ch,method,properties,body):print "[x] Received %r" %(body,)channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='hello',no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()

然后测试：

[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'
[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python send.py
[x] Sent 'Hello World!'

[root@test71 rabbitmq]# python receive.py
[*] Waiting for messages.To exit press CTRL+c
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
^CTraceback (most recent call last):File "receive.py", line 16, in <module>channel.start_consuming()File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pika/adapters/blocking_connection.py", line 955, in start_consumingself.connection.process_data_events()File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pika/adapters/blocking_connection.py", line 240, in process_data_eventsif self._handle_read():File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pika/adapters/blocking_connection.py", line 347, in _handle_readif self._read_poller.ready():File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pika/adapters/blocking_connection.py", line 43, in innerreturn f(*args, **kwargs)File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pika/adapters/blocking_connection.py", line 85, in readyevents = self.poller.poll(self.poll_timeout)
KeyboardInterrupt

参考资料：

http://previous.rabbitmq.com/v3_3_x/tutorials/tutorial-one-python.html